hp49g pocket guide

HP 49G Pocket Guide

#KJPAJPO

Version 2.0

Quick Reference Chart 2

Function Key Guide 3

Reserved Names and Constants 6

Units 7

Error and Status Messages 8

System Information 12

System Flags 12

Object Types 17

Character Keys 18

Command Reference 20

2

Quick Reference Chart

Tool Access

Alarms > ç

Algebra > ú

Arithmetic < !

Calculus < $

CAS modes h CAS

Characters > ô

Command Catalog N

Complex Numbers > ó

Constants g CONSTANTS LIB

Conversions < ^

Display h DISP

Editing Tools i

Equation Writer < o

File Manager < G

Flags h FLAGS

Libraries > ö

Math í

Solve, Symbolic < &

Statistics > ÷

Tables < E, < F

Transfer Data g I/O FUNCTIONS

Trigonometry > û

Variables j

3

Function Key GuideThis section explains the use of each item on the function key menu of the more commonly used HP 49G applications.

Equation Writer

File Manager

EDIT Opens the selected component in the command line editor. Make your changes, then press \ to return to Equation Writer.

CURS Enables cursor mode. Use the arrow keys to enclose the part of the equation that you want to select in a box, then press \ to return to selection mode, with the boxed component selected.

BIG Toggles Equation Writer between standard font and mini-font.

EVAL Evaluates the selection. Equivalent to pressing >ù.

FACTO Applies the FACTOR command to the selection.

TEXPA Applies the TEXPAND command to the selection.

EDIT Opens the selected object. If the object can be edited, it is opened in the command line editor.

COPY Copies the selected object. After you press COPY, select the destination directory, and press OK to paste the object.

MOVE Moves the selected object. After you press move, select the destination directory, and press OK to move the object to the directory.

RCL Copies the selected object to the command line.

EVAL Evaluates the selected object.

TREE Returns to the File Manager opening screen, showing the ports and the HOME directory.

PURGE Deletes the selected object or objects.

RENAM Renames an object. The calculator prompts for a new name for the selected object.

NEW Opens the New Variable input form, used to create a new variable or directory.

ORDER When you select multiple objects (using \) places the selected objects in the order in which you selected them.

SEND Sends the selected object or objects to another calculator.

RECV Receives objects sent from another calculator.

HALT Suspends your File Manager session. You can return to the session by pressing <;.

VIEW Displays the contents of the currently selected object. You cannot edit the contents.

EDITB Opens the currently selected object in the most suitable editor.

HEADE Toggles the File Manager header between memory and selection details, and path and content details.

LIST Hides or shows the details of listed objects.

Continued

4

Stack

Matrix Writer

ECHO Press ECHO, then \ to copy the contents of the current level to the command line. Edit the contents on the command line, and press \ to place them on level 1 of the stack.

VIEW Displays the contents of the current level in textbook mode.

EDIT Opens the contents of the current level in the most appropriate editor, ready for editing.

INFO Displays information about the object at the current level, including its size in bytes.

PICK Copies the contents of the current level to stack level 1. All existing objects are pushed up one level.

ROLL Moves the contents of the current level to level 1. The portion of the stack below the current level is rolled up.

ROLLD Moves the contents of level 1 to the current level. The portion of the stack beneath the current level is rolled down.

→LIST Creates a list that contains the stack objects from 1 to the current level. The newly created list is placed on level 1 of the stack, and the original objects are removed.

DUPN Duplicates the levels from the currently selected level to level 1, and pushes up the existing levels to accommodate the duplicated levels.

DROPN Deletes all levels below the selected level.

KEEP Deletes all levels above the selected level.

GOTO Prompts for a stack level to select, then selects the level number that you enter.

LEVEL Copies the current level number to level 1 of the stack.

EDIT Places the contents of the currently selected cell on the command line, ready for editing.

VEC For single-row matrices, sets that the row of values is a vector rather than a matrix. That is, when you place it on the command line, it is enclosed in a single pair of square brackets rather than two pairs.

←WID Reduces the width of the columns.

WID→ Increases the width of the columns.

GO→ Sets that the cursor moves to the left by default when you enter data.

GO↓ Sets that the cursor moves down by default when you enter data.

+ROW Adds a row filled with zeros at the cursor position

–ROW Deletes the row at the cursor position.

+COL Adds a column filled with zeros at the cursor position.

–COL Deletes the column at the cursor position.

→STK Copies the selected element only to the stack or the command line.

GOTO Displays an input form that allows you to specify the column and row coordinates to select.

DEL Fills a selected range with zeros.

5

Graphics Editor

DOT+ Turns on pixels beneath the cursor.

DOT– Turns off pixels beneath the cursor.

LINE Draws a line from a marked point to the cursor. (Press or MARK to mark a point).

TLINE Same as LINE but toggles pixels on or off.

BOX Draws a rectangle from a marked point to the cursor.

CIRCL Draws a circle around a marked point with a radius indicated by the position of the cursor.

MARK Marks a point. Same as pressing .

+/– Inverts the cursor when it crosses an object.LABEL Displays axes labels.

DEL Deletes that part of the graphic bounded by a rectangle from a marked point to the cursor.

ERASE Erases the entire graphic.

MENU Hides the function-key menu. (Press f, =, or to redisplay the menu.)

SUB Copies to the stack that part of the graphic bounded by the rectangle from a marked point to the cursor

REPL Pastes what was last copied with SUB.

PICT→ Copies the graphic to the stack.

X,Y→ Copies the cursor coordinates to the stack.

PICT Replaces the edit menu with the picture menu.

6

Reserved Names and ConstantsYou should avoid using certain names for variables, because their contents are interpreted by the calculator in set ways. Some examples are given in the following table.

Name Use

0DETYPE The differential equation type used in the DESOLVE command.

ALRMDAT Data for current alarms.

CST Current contents of a custom menu.

d# Indicates a user-defined derivative, where # is the number of the defined derivative.

EPS The smallest real value below which the calculator rounds to zero for some operations, for example EPSX0.

EQ Current equation, plotting and numeric solving.

ERABLEMSG Information relating to unevaluated integrations.

EXITED If this variable contains a program, the program runs whenever the command line editor session is ended.

EXPR Current expression, symbolic operations.

IERR Uncertainty in current integration.

IOPAR Current parameters for I/O operations.

MODULO The value of the current modulo setting.

n1, n2, Integer coefficients used by ISOL.

PPAR Current parameters for plotting.

PRTPAR Current parameters for printing.

s1, s2, Sign coefficients used by ISOL and QUAD.

ΣDAT Current matrix of data used for statistics.

ΣPAR Parameters for statistics calculations.

PRIMIT The last computed antiderivative.

REALASUME A list of variables that the computer algebra system assumes are real values.

STARTED If this variable contains a program, the program runs whenever the command line editor session is started with EDIT EDITB, VISIT, VISITB, or ] in RPN mode.

STARTERR Used to customize error message displays.

STARTEQW Used to apply a customized operation to a selected component in Equation Writer.

STARTOFF If this variable contains a program, the program runs whenever the calculator turns off automatically.

STARTUP If this variable contains a program, the program runs after a warm start.

TOFF Sets the number of ticks before the calculator automatically turns off.

TPAR Current parameters for viewing tables.

VPAR Current parameters for viewing 3-D plots.

VX The default variable used in symbolic operations.

ZPAR Zoom parameters in plotting.

7

UnitsA unit object is comprised of a number and a unit separated by the underscore character. An example is 3_ ft/s. You can use the HP 49G to convert unit objects from one unit to another, comparable, unit. You can also use unit objects in calculations. The following table lists all the units you can use to create unit objects, grouped according to their category. You choose a category—and a unit—by first pressing >ø. (Unit abbreviations are described in the User’s Guide.)

Length

M CM MM yd ft in

Mpc pc lyr au km Mi

nmi MiUS chain rd fath ftUS

Mil µ Å fermiArea

m^2 cm^2 b yd^2 ft^2 in^2

km^2 ha a mi^2 miUS^2 acreVolume

m^3 st cm^3 yd^3 ft^3 in^3

l galUK galC gal qt pt

ml cu ozfl ozUK tbsp tsp

bbl bu pk fbmTime

yr d h min s HzSpeed

m/s cm/s ft/s kph mph knot

c ga

Mass

kg g lb oz slug lbt

ton tonUK t ozt ct grain

u mol

Force

N dyn gf kip lbf pdlEnergy

J erg Kcal cal Btu ft×lbf

therm MeV eVPower

W hpPressure

Pa atm bar psi torr mmHg

inHg inH2OTemperature

ºC ºF K ºR

Electric Current

V A C F W

Fdy H mho S T WbAngle

º r grad arcmin arcs srLight

fc flam lx ph sb lm

cd lam

Ω

8

Error and Status MessagesErrors during an operation or program execution generally cause the operation or program to abort and a message to appear.

The HP 49G enables you to detect and trap errors during program execution via the IFERR command. To identify the error after it has occurred, use the ERRN command to get its number, or ERRM to get its message.

You can also cause an error to occur in a program, via DOERR(n), where n is the error number of the desired error (see the table below). You can cause a customized error to occur, via DOERR("message"), where message is a character string of your choice.

The following table lists both error messages and status messages. These are sorted into categories

Radium (i.e., radioactivity)

Gy rad rem Sv Bq Ci

RViscosity

P St

Number MessageMEMORY MESSSAGES

1 Insufficient Memory5 Memory Clear

11 No Room in Port13 Recovering Memory14 Try To Recover Memory?15 Replace RAM, press ON16 No Mem To Config All17 Undefined FPTR Name18 Invalid bank data19 Full check Bad Crc20 Cmprs: not a user bank21 No or 2 system bank22 Invalid bank23 Invalid bank number24 Inexisting pack25 Pack twice26 Ins. memory27 Erase Fail, Rom faulty28 Erase Fail, Low bats29 Erase Fail, Locked Block30 Write Adr outside ROM31 Write Fail, Rom faulty32 Write Fail, Low bats33 Write Fail, Locked Block

257 No Room to Save Stack305 No Room to Show Stack309 Out of Memory337 Low Memory Condition…Please Wait

9

NAME AND DIRECTORY MESSAGES2 Directory Recursion3 Undefined Local Name4 Undefined XLIB Name

10 Port Not Available12 Object Not in Port

259 Invalid User Function297 Circular Reference298 Directory Not Allowed299 Non-Empty Directory300 Invalid Definition301 Missing Library316 Name Conflict

3095 Invalid Name

MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEM MESSAGES6 Power Lost8 Invalid Card Data9 Object In Use

258 Can’t Edit Null Char.294 HALT Not Allowed296 Wrong Argument Count

3092 Low Battery

PLOT AND STATISTICS MESSAGES260 No Current Equation302 Invalid PPAR343 Y= not available

1537 Invalid ΣData1538 Nonexistent ΣDAT1539 Insufficient ΣData1540 Invalid ΣPAR1541 Invalid ΣData LN (Neg)1542 Invalid ΣData LN (0)1543 Invalid EQ1545 No current equation.1546 Enter eqn, press NEW1547 Name the equation, press ENTER1548 Select plot type1549 Empty catalog1551 No stat data to plot1552 Autoscaling1554 No current data. Enter1555 Data point, press Σ+1556 Select a model1567 Off Screen1568 Invalid PTYPE1569 Name the stat data, press ENTER1570 Enter value (zoom out if >1) press ENTER1571 Copied to stack1572 x axis zoom w/AUTO.1573 x axis zoom1574 y axis zoom1575 x and y axis zoom.1582 Enter matrix, then NEW1583 No Associated Numeric View

Number Message

10

STACK AND COMMAND LINE MESSAGES262 Invalid Syntax292 Last Stack Disabled293 Last Cmd Disabled311 Last Stack312 Last Commands315 Last Arguments317 Command Line339 Nonexistent Find Pattern340 Not Found341 Nonexistent Replace Pattern342 Can’t Find Selection344 Warning … Changes will not be saved513 Too Few Arguments514 Bad Argument Type515 Bad Argument Value516 Undefined Name517 LASTARG Disabled

3093 Empty Stack

MATRIX AND ARRAY MESSAGES1281 Invalid Dimension1282 Invalid Array Element1283 Deleting Row1284 Deleting Column1285 Inserting Row1286 Inserting Column

SOLVE MESSAGES303 Non-Real Result

2561 Bad Guess(es)2562 Constant?2563 Interrupted2564 Zero2565 Sign Reversal2566 Extremum

TIME AND ALARM MESSAGES314 Alarms

1557 No alarms pending1558 Press ALRM to create1559 Next alarm:1560 Past due alarm:1561 Acknowledged1562 Enter alarm, press SET1563 Select repeat interval3329 Invalid Date3330 Invalid Time3331 Invalid Repeat3332 Nonexistent Alarm

EQUATION WRITER AND SYMBOLIC MESSAGES304 Unable to Isolate345 Result not editable in EQW518 Incomplete Subexpression519 Implicit () off520 Implicit () on

Number Message

11

ARITHMETIC MESSAGES769 Positive Underflow770 Negative Underflow771 Overflow772 Undefined Result773 Infinite Result

I/O AND PRINTING MESSAGES3073 Bad Packet Block Check3074 Timeout3075 Receive Error3076 Receive Buffer Overrun3077 Parity Error3078 Transfer Failed3079 Protocol Error3080 Invalid Server Cmd.3081 Port Closed3082 Connecting3083 Retry #3084 Awaiting Server Cmd.3085 Sending3086 Receiving3087 Object Discarded3088 Packet #3089 Processing Command3090 Invalid IOPAR3091 Invalid PRTPAR

UNITS MESSAGES2817 Invalid Unit2818 Inconsistent Units

Number Message

12

System OperationsFor system operations, you press and hold the ; key, then press and release certain other keys before releasing ;.

System FlagsFlags are mode settings and mode indicators. To see a list of system flags, press h FLAGS.

Many flags can be set and cleared from input forms (such as the Calculator Modes input form, Display Modes input form, and others). You can also set, clear, or test a flag, by specifying the flag number as the argument in a flag command (SF, CF, FS?, etc).

Keys Operation

;af Cold restart. Erases home and port 0 memory and resets the calculator’s default settings.

;b Cancels keystroke (prior to key release).

;c Warm restart. Preserves memory.

;d Starts interactive self-test.

;e Starts continuous self-test.

;[ Sends screen dump to the serial port.

;9 Cancels next repeating alarm.

;- Decreases screen contrast.

;= Increases screen contrast.

;f Factory test.

Flag Description of modes (* = default)

–1 Set: Symbolic commands return principal solution.

Clear:* Symbolic commands return general solutions.

–2 Set: Symbolic constants evaluate to numbers.

Clear:* Symbolic constants stay symbolic(if flag –3 is clear).

–3 Set: Symbolic arguments evaluate to numbers.

Clear:* Symbolic arguments stay symbolic.

–5 Set:* 1st bit (value 1) of binary integer size is 1.

Clear: 1st bit (value 1) of binary integer size is 0.

–6 Set:* 2nd bit (value 2) of binary integer size is 1.

Clear: 2nd bit (value 2) of binary integer size is 0.

–7 Set:* 3rd bit (value 4) of binary integer size is 1.

Clear: 3rd bit (value 4) of binary wordsize is 0.

–8 Set:* 4th bit (value 8) of binary wordsize is 1.

Clear: 4th bit (value 8) of binary wordsize is 0.





–11 Set:* HEX with –12 set, OCT with –12 clear.

Clear: DEC with –12 clear, BIN with –12 set.

–12 Set:* HEX with –11 set, BIN with –11 clear.

Clear: OCT with –11 set, DEC with –11 clear.

13

–14 Set: TVM calculations use BEGIN payment mode.

Clear:* TVM calculations use END payment mode.

–15 Set: Spherical mode (with flag –16 set).

Clear:* Cylindrical mode (with flag –16 set).

–16 Set: Polar coordinate mode.

Clear:* Rectangular coordinate mode.

–17 Set:* Radians mode if –18 clear.

Clear: Degrees if –18 clear, gradians if –18 set.

–18 Set: Gradians if –17 clear.

Clear:* Radians if –17 set, degrees if –17 clear.

–19 Set: →V2 creates a complex number.

Clear:* →V2 creates a 2-D vector.

–20 Set: Underflow treated as an error.

Clear:* Underflow returns 0; sets flag –23 or –24.

–21 Set: Overflow treated as an error.

Clear:* Overflow sets flag –25 and returns ± MAXR.

–22 Set: Infinite result sets flag –26, returns ± MAXR.

Clear:* Infinite result treated as an error.

–23 Set: Negative underflow condition exists (if flag –20 is clear).

Clear:* No negative underflow condition exists.

–24 Set: Positive underflow condition exists (if flag –20 is clear).

Clear:* No positive underflow condition exists.

–25 Set: Overflow condition exists (if flag –21 is clear).

Clear:* No overflow condition exists.

–26 Set: Infinite result condition exists (if flag –22 is set).

Clear:* No infinite result condition exists.

–27 Set:* Symbolic complex expression displays as 'x + yi'.

Clear: Symbolic complex expression displays as '(x,y)'.

–28 Set: Multiple equations plot simultaneously.

Clear:* Multiple equations plot sequentially.

–29 Set: No axes drawn for 2-D and statistical plots.

Clear:* Axes drawn for 2-D and statistical plots.

–31 Set: No curve filling (connecting of points) in plots.

Clear:* Curve filling (connecting of points) in plots.

–32 Set: Graphics cursor is inverse of background.

Clear:* Graphics cursor is always dark.

–35 Set: I/O objects sent in binary.

Clear:* I/O objects sent in ASCII.

–36 Set: In receiving I/O, a matching name overwrites.

Clear:* In receiving I/O, a matching name is changed.

–39 Set: I/O messages suppressed.

Clear:* I/O messages displayed.

–40 Set: Clock is displayed, providing that you have not hidden the status area (i.e., the header).

Clear:* Clock is not displayed.

–41 Set: 24-hour clock format.

Clear:* 12-hour clock format.


14

–42 Set: DD.MM.YY date format.

Clear:* MM/DD/YY date format.

–43 Set: Unacknowledged repeat alarms are not rescheduled.

Clear:* Unacknowledged repeat alarms are rescheduled.

–44 Set: Acknowledged alarms are retained in the alarm list.

Clear:* Acknowledged alarms are deleted from alarm list.

–49 Set: Fixed mode with –50 clear, engineering mode with –50 set.

Clear:* Standard mode with –50 clear, scientific mode with –50 set.

–50 Set: Engineering mode with –49 set, scientific mode with –49 clear.

Clear:* Fixed mode with –49 set, standard mode with –49 clear.

–51 Set: Fraction mark is a comma.

Clear:* Fraction mark is a period.

–52 Set: Level 1 object is displayed on one line.

Clear:* Level 1 object is displayed on multiple lines.

–53 Set: All parentheses are shown in algebraic expressions.

Clear:* Extra parentheses in algebraic expressions are removed.

–54 Set: Small matrix values not set to 0; DET does not round.

Clear:* Small matrix values are set to 0; DET rounds.

–55 Set: Most-recent arguments are not saved.

Clear:* Most-recent arguments are saved.

–56 Set: Beep tone is enabled.

Clear:* Beep tone is disabled.

–57 Set: Alarm tone is disabled.

Clear:* Alarm tone is enabled.

–58 Set: Parameter and variable INFO not displayed.

Clear:* Parameter and variable INFO are displayed.

–60 Set: Press alpha once for alpha mode lock.

Clear:* Press alpha twice for alpha mode lock.

–61 Set: Press <~ once for user mode lock.

Clear:* Press <~ twice for user mode lock.

–62 Set: User mode on.

Clear:* User mode off.

–63 Set: User-defined \ is activated.

Clear:* \ evaluates the command line.

–64 Set: The last GETI or PUTI wrapped index (to 1).

Clear:* The last GETI or PUTI does not wrap the index.

–65 Set: Displays only the first level over multiple lines.

Clear:* Displays all levels over multiple lines.

–66 Set: Displays long strings in single lines.

Clear:* Displays long strings in multiple lines.

15

–67 Set: When the clock shows (see flag –40), it is an analog display.

Clear:* When the clock shows (see flag –40), it is a digital display.

–68 Set: Command line automatically indents.

Clear:* Command line does not automatically indent.

–69 Set: Full-screen editing allowed.

Clear:* The cursor cannot move out of the text line.

–70 Set: →GROB can accept multi-line strings.

Clear:* →GROB can accept only single-line strings.

–71 Set: No addresses in ASM.

Clear:* Add addresses in ASM.

–72 Set: The stack display uses mini-font.

Clear:* The stack display uses the current font.

–73 Set: Command line editing uses mini-font.

Clear:* Command line editing uses the current font.

–74 Set: The stack is left-justified.

Clear:* The stack is right-justified.

–76 Set: File Manager purges need no confirmation.

Clear:* File Manager purges need confirmation.

–79 Set: Algebraic objects display on the stack in standard form.

Clear:* Algebraic objects appear on the stack in textbook form.

–80 Set: Textbook stack display uses minifont.

Clear:* Textbook stack display uses the current font.

–81 Set: Editing a textbook grob uses minifont.

Clear:* Editing a textbook grob uses current font.

–82 Set: Minifont used to edit algebraic in textbook mode.

Clear:* Current font used to edit algebraic in textbook mode.

–83 Set: Grob description displayed on the stack.

Clear:* Grob contents displayed on the stack.

–85 Set: SYSRPL stack display.

Clear:* Standard stack display.

–86 Set: Program prefix off.

Clear:* Program prefix on.

–90 Set:* Choose lists displayed in mini-font.

Clear: Choose lists displayed in the current font.

–91 Set: Matrix Writer operates as a list of lists.

Clear:* Matrix Writer accepts arrays only.

–92 Set: MASD SYSRPL.

Clear:* MASD assembler.

–94 Set: In RPN mode, results are not stored in LASTCMD.

Clear:* In RPN mode, results are stored in LASTCMD.

–95 Set: Algebraic mode.

Clear:* RPN mode.

–97 Set: Lists are displayed vertically.

Clear:* Lists are displayed horizontally only.


16

–98 Set: Vectors are displayed vertically.

Clear:* Vectors are displayed horizontally only.

–99 Set: CAS verbose mode.

Clear:* CAS concise mode.

–100 Set: Final result mode.

Clear:* Step-by-step mode.

–103 Set: Complex mode.

Clear:* Real mode.

–105 Set: Approximate mode.

Clear:* Exact mode.

–106 Set: TSIMP calls are not allowed in SERIES.

Clear:* TSIMP calls are allowed in SERIES.

–109 Set: Numeric factorization is allowed.

Clear:* Numeric factorization is not allowed.

–110 Set: Large matrices.

Clear:* Normal matrices.

–111 Set: No recursive simplification in EXPAND and TSIMP.

Clear:* Recursive simplification in EXPAND and TSIMP.

–113 Set: Do not apply linearity simplification when using integration CAS commands.

Clear:* Apply linearity simplification when using integration CAS commands.

–114 Set: Polynomials expressed in increasing power order.

Clear:* Polynomials expressed in decreasing power order.

–116 Set: Simplification to sine terms.

Clear:* Simplification to cosine terms

–117 Set:* Menus displayed as choose lists.

Clear: Menus displayed as function keys.

–119 Set: Non-rigorous mode.

Clear:* Rigorous mode.

–120 Set: Calculator changes modes when necessary without prompting.

Clear:* Calculator prompts when it needs to change modes.


17

Object TypesThe HP 49G makes use of 30 types of objects (listed in the table below). Commands relevant to object types are:

• TYPE(obj) Returns the object’s type.

• VTYPE('name') Returns the named object’s type.

• TVARS(type) Lists all objects of the specified type in the current directory.

• VARS Lists all objects in the current directory.

# Type Example

0 Real Number –6.02E231 Complex Number (.5,–1.57)2 String "Hi there!"3 Real Array [[ 1 2 ][ 3 4 ]]4 Complex Array [[ (1,0) (5,–5) ][ (5,5) (0,1) ]]5 List π 3.14 "PI" 6 Global Name X7 Local Name j8 Program « T 11 / »9 Algebraic Object 4*π*r^2'

10 Binary Integer # EFAC11h11 Graphics Object Graphic 131 × 6412 Tagged Object :Answer: 4213 Unit Object 6_ft/min14 XLIB Name XLIB 543 815 Directory DIR … END16 Library Library 440: …17 Backup Object Backup MYDIR18 Built-in Function SIN19 Built-in Command CLEAR20 Internal Binary Integer <123d>21 Extended Real No. Long Real22 Extended Complex No. Long Complex23 Linked Array Linked Array24 Character Object Character25 Code Object Code26 Library Data Library Data 27 Minifont Font28 Integer 529 Symbolic Vector/Matrix [x x2 x3 x4 ]30 Font Font

18

Character KeysThe following table lists all the characters available on the HP 49G. For each character, the table gives the character’s internal number and the key or combination of keys that display the character. (An ampersand denotes that you hold down the first key while you press the second key). You can also display a character using the Characters tool (> chars).

Char. No. Key(s) Char. No. Key(s)

« 31 >ô 8 85 ù

VS 32 9 86 `v

33 `>2 : 87 `w

³ 34 `> ; 88 O 35 <3 < 89 `y

36 `<4 = 90 `z

37 `<1 > 91 <H 38 `<\ ? 92 `>5 39 >o @ 93 <H 40 <H A 94 q

41 

42 ` µ 96 >&o

43 `= D 97 `<a

44 >F E 98 `z H 101 `<e

48 0 I 102 `<f

49 1 J 103 `<g

50 2 K 104 `<h

51 3 , 105 Ò U 114 `<r

61 >w V 115 `<s

! 62 >y W 116 `<t

" 63 `>3 X 117 `\ Y 118 `<v

$ 65 à Z 119 `<w

% 66 `b [ 120 EEEE`<O& 67 `c \ 121 `<y

' 68 `d ] 122 `<z

( 69 è ^ 123 <=H) 70 `f _ 124 >i

* 71 `g ` 125 <=H+ 72 `h a 126 `>1, 73 ì 127 >ô

- 74 `j 128 `>6. 75 `k [ 129 >ô

/ 76 `l Y 130 >ô

0 77 `m √ 131 r

1 78 `N ∫ 132 >u

2 79 ò Σ 133 >s

3 80 `p ( 134 k

4 81 `q π 135 <

5 82 `r G 136 >t

6 83 `s 137 <O7 84 `t > 138 <y

19

≠ 139 <w Æ 198 è`>9α 140 `>a Ç 199 `c`>9→ 141 >0 È 200 è`<7← 142 >ô É 201 è`>7↓ 143 >ô Ê 202 è`<8↑ 144 >ô Ë 203 è`<9γ 145 >ô Ì 204 ì`<7δ 146 `>d Í 205 ì`>7 147 `>e Î 206 ì`<8η 148 >ô Ï 207 ì`<9θ 149 `>t Ð 208 `d`>9λ 150 `>N Ñ 209 `N`>8ρ 151 >ô Ò 210 ò`<7σ 152 `>s Ó 211 ò`>7τ 153 `>u Ô 212 ò`<8ω 154 `>v Õ 213 ò`>8$ 155 `>c Ö 214 ò`<9Π 156 `>p × 215 >ô

Ω 157 `>o Ø 216 ò`>9L 158 >ô Ù 217 ù`<7

∞ 159 <0 Ú 218 ù`>7 160 `>4 Û 219 ù`<8M 161 `>&2 Ü 220 ù`<9¢ 162 >ô Ý 221 `y`>7£ 163 `<5 Þ 222 `p`>9¤ 164 >ô ß 223 `>b

¥ 165 >ô à 224 `<a`<7¦ 166 >ô á 225 `<a`>7§ 167 `<6 â 226 `<a`<8¨ 168 >ô ã 227 `<a`>8ê 169 >ô ä 228 `<a`<9H 170 >ô å 229 `<a`>9« 171 <=H æ 230 `<e`>9¬ 172 >ô ç 231 `<c`>9- 173 >ô è 232 `<e`<7 174 >ô é 233 `<e`>7¯ 175 >ô ê 234 `<e`<8° 176 `>&6 ë 235 `<e`<9± 177 >ô ì 236 `<i`<7² 178 >ô í 237 `<i`>7³ 179 >ô î 238 `<i`<8´ 180 >ô ï 239 `<i`<9µ 181 `>m ð 240 `<d`>9¶ 182 >ô ñ 241 `<N`>8• 183 >ô ò 242 `<o`<7Ü 184 >ô ó 243 `<o`>7ï 185 >ô ô 244 `<o`<82 186 >ô õ 245 `<o`>8» 187 <=H ö 246 `<o`<9¼ 188 >ô ÷ 247 >ô

½ 189 >ô ø 248 `<o`>9¾ 190 >ô ù 249 `<u`<7¿ 191 `>&3 ú 250 `<u`>7À 192 à`<7 û 251 `<u`<8Á 193 à`>7 ü 252 `<u`<9Â 194 à`<8 ý 253 `<y`>7Ã 195 à`>8 þ 254 `<p`>9Ä 196 à`<9 ÿ 255 `<y`<9Å 197 à`>9

Char. No. Key(s) Char. No. Key(s)

20

Command ReferenceAll the HP 49G commands are listed in the table commencing on page 21. A brief description of each command is provided, together with the key or keys that provide access to the command. Where appropriate, at least one argument (input) and the corresponding result (output) is provided. In many cases, a command can take many more types of argument. To se a full listing of the arguments applicable to each command, see the Advanced User’s Guide.

The commands are listed alphabetically. Commands referred to solely by a non-alphabetic character—for example,%—are listed after those referred to by alphabetic characters. Where a non-alphabetic character is the first character—for example, →DIAG—the command is sorted as if the character did not exist. In other cases where a command name includes a non-alphabetic character—for example, I→R and DIAG→—the non-alphabetic character is treated as ‘Z’ in sorting the commands.

The commands that are functions are indicated by an asterisk at the end of the command description. (You can include functions in an algebraic expression.)

The codes and abbreviations used to represent the inputs and outputs are set out in the following table.

In algebraic mode, the order that the inputs are listed is the same as the order in which you must specify the arguments. Similarly, the outputs are listed in the order in which they are returned.

In RPN mode, the last input is what should be on level 1 prior to executing the command, the second last input is what should be on level 2, the third last on level 3, and so on. Similarly, the last output appears on level 1, the second last appears on level 2, and so on.

Code Meaning

x, y, a, b, etc Real number

z Real or complex number

x_units Unit object

(x, y) Complex number

n or m Integer

#n or #m Binary integer

[ vector ] Real or complex vector

[[ matrix ]] Real, symbolic, or complex matrix

[[ array ]] Real or complex array

''string '' String of characters

'symb ' Expression

'name ' Variable name

T/F True (non-zero value) or false (0)

grob Graphics object

obj Any object

obj x z List of objects

AD

DTO

RE

AL

* = function

Access Inputs Outputs

+bv =ce.

<! POLYNOMIAL

‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ z → ‘symb3’ ‘symb4’

<Z x → |x|

> ç TOOLS ALRM

> ç TOOLS ALRM

osine. <T z → acos z

ms.* >û ‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’

gument.* >ûHYPERBOLIC

z → acosh z

ds a N list1 list2 → listresult

rrent < ! MODULO‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ → ‘symb3’

variable N ‘global’ →

21

Name Description

ABCUV Returns a solution in polynomials u and v of auwhere a and b are polynomials, and c is a valu

ABS Returns the absolute value of its argument.*

ACK Acknowledges the oldest past-due alarm.

ACKALL Acknowledges all past-due alarms.

ACOS Returns the value of the angle with the given c

ACOS2S Replaces cos() terms with equivalent asin() ter

ACOSH Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the ar

ADD Adds corresponding elements of two lists or adnumber to each of the elements of a list.

ADDTMOD Adds two expressions or values, modulo the cumodulus.*

ADDTOREAL Adds the specified global name to the reservedREALASSUME.

ALOG

22

* =

func

tion

ALO

GR

etur

ns th

e co

mm

on a

ntilo

garit

hm; t

hat i

s, 1

0 ra

ised

to

the

give

n po

wer

.*<

Vz

→10

z

AM

OR

TA

mor

tizes

a lo

an o

r in

vest

men

t bas

ed u

pon

the

curr

ent

amor

tizat

ion

setti

ngs.

<(

n→

prin

cipa

l in

tere

st b

alan

ce

AN

DR

etur

ns th

e lo

gica

l AN

D o

f tw

o ar

gum

ents

.*>

ì L

OG

IC#n

1 #

n 2→

#n3

AN

IMA

TE

Dis

play

s gr

aphi

c ob

ject

s in

seq

uenc

e.<

N G

RO

Bgr

obn.

..gro

b 1 n

grob

s→

sam

e st

ack

AN

SR

ecal

ls th

e nt

h an

swer

from

his

tory

.<

|n

→ob

j nA

PP

LYC

reat

es a

n ex

pres

sion

from

the

spec

ified

func

tion

nam

e an

d ar

gum

ents

.*N

sym

b 1 ..

. sym

b n

‘na

me’

→‘n

ame

(sy

mb 1

… s

ymb n

)’

AR

CD

raw

s an

arc

in P

ICT

cou

nter

cloc

kwis

e.<

N P

ICT

(x, y

) x

radi

us x

q1 x

q2→

AR

CH

IVE

Cre

ates

a b

acku

p co

py o

f the

HO

ME

dire

ctor

y.<

N M

EM

OR

Y:n

port: n

ame

→A

RG

Ret

urns

the

(rea

l) po

lar

angl

e of

a c

ompl

ex n

umbe

r.*>

é(x

, y)

→θ

AR

ITD

ispl

ays

a m

enu

of a

rithm

etic

com

man

ds.

N

→A

RR

YR

etur

ns a

vec

tor

of n

rea

l or c

ompl

ex e

lem

ents

or a

mat

rix

of n

× m

rea

l or

com

plex

ele

men

ts.

N z

1 …

zn

nel

emen

t→

[ vec

tor

]

AR

RY

→Ta

kes

an a

rray

and

ret

urns

its

elem

ents

as

sepa

rate

rea

l or

com

plex

num

bers

.N

[ vec

tor

]→

z 1 …

zn

n

elem

ent

AS

INR

etur

ns th

e va

lue

of th

e an

gle

with

the

give

n si

ne.*

<S

z→

asin

z

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

AXES

23

* =

func

tion

AS

IN2C

Rep

lace

s as

in()

term

s w

ith e

quiv

alen

t aco

s()

term

s.>

û‘s

ymb 1

’→

‘sym

b 2’

AS

IN2T

Rep

lace

s as

in()

term

s w

ith e

quiv

alen

t ata

n()

term

s.>

û‘s

ymb 1

’→

‘ sym

b 2’

AS

INH

Ret

urns

the

inve

rse

hype

rbol

ic s

ine

of th

e ar

gum

ent.*

>û

HY

PE

RB

OLI

Cz

→as

inh

z

AS

ND

efin

es a

key

on

the

user

key

boar

d by

ass

igni

ng th

e gi

ven

obje

ct to

the

key

x key

, spe

cifie

d as

row

col

umn.

posi

tion.N

obj

x key

→

AS

RS

hifts

a b

inar

y in

tege

r on

e bi

t to

the

right

, exc

ept f

or th

e m

ost s

igni

fican

t bit,

whi

ch is

mai

ntai

ned.

>ì

BIT

#n1

→#n

2

ATA

NR

etur

ns th

e va

lue

of th

e an

gle

havi

ng th

e gi

ven

tang

ent.*



û‘s

ymb 1

’→

‘sym

b 2’

ATA

NH

Ret

urns

the

inve

rse

hype

rbol

ic ta

ngen

t of t

he a

rgum

ent.*

>û

HY

PE

RB

OLI

Cz

→at

anh

z

AT

ICK

Set

s th

e ax

es ti

ck-m

ark

anno

tatio

n in

the

rese

rved

va

riabl

e P

PA

R.

Nx

→

AT

TAC

HA

ttach

es th

e lib

rary

with

the

spec

ified

num

ber

to th

e cu

rren

t dire

ctor

y.N

nlib

rary

→

AU

TO

Cal

cula

tes

a y-

axis

dis

play

ran

ge, o

r an

x-

and

y-ax

is

disp

lay

rang

e.N

AX

ES

Spe

cifie

s th

e in

ters

ectio

n co

ordi

nate

s of

, and

labe

ls fo

r, th

e x-

and

y-a

xes,

and

the

tick-

mar

k an

nota

tion.

N(x

, y)

→

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

AXL

24

* =

func

tion

AX

LC

onve

rts

a lis

t to

an a

rray

, or

an a

rray

to a

list

.<

^li

st/

[[ ar

ray

]]→

[[ ar

ray

]]/li

st

AX

MC

onve

rts

a nu

mer

ic a

rray

into

a s

ymbo

lic m

atrix

.<

%

OP

ER

AT

ION

S[[

arra

y ]]

→[[

mat

rix ]]

AX

QC

onve

rts

a sq

uare

mat

rix in

to th

e as

soci

ated

qua

drat

ic

form

.<

^[[

mat

rix ]]

→‘s

ymb’

[ ve

ctor

]

BA

RS

ets

the

plot

type

to B

AR

.N

BA

RP

LOT

Plo

ts a

bar

cha

rt o

f the

spe

cifie

d co

lum

n of

the

curr

ent

stat

istic

s m

atrix

(re

serv

ed v

aria

ble

ΣDA

T).

N

BA

SE

Dis

play

s a

men

u of

bas

ic a

lgeb

ra c

omm

ands

.N

BA

UD

Spe

cifie

s bi

t-tr

ansf

er r

ate.

Nn

baud

rate

→B

EE

PS

ound

s a

tone

at n

her

tz fo

r x

seco

nds.

<N

OU

Tn

freq

uenc

y x

dura

tion

→B

ES

TF

ITE

xecu

tes

LR w

ith th

e fo

ur c

urve

fitti

ng m

odel

s, a

nd s

elec

ts

the

mod

el y

ield

ing

the

larg

est c

orre

latio

n co

effic

ient

.N

BIN

Sel

ects

bin

ary

base

for

bina

ry in

tege

r op

erat

ions

.N

BIN

SS

orts

the

elem

ents

of t

he in

depe

nden

t col

umn

of th

e cu

rren

t sta

tistic

s m

atrix

into

(n b

ins

+ 2

) bi

ns.

Nx m

in x

wid

th n

bins

→[[

nbi

n 1

… n

bin

n ]]

[ n

bin

L n

bin

R ]

BLA

NK

Cre

ates

a b

lank

gro

b of

the

spec

ified

wid

th a

nd h

eigh

t.<

N G

RO

B#n

wid

th #

mhe

ight

→gr

obbl

ank

BO

XD

raw

s in

PIC

T a

box

who

se o

ppos

ite c

orne

rs a

re d

efin

ed

by th

e sp

ecifi

ed p

ixel

or

user

-uni

t coo

rdin

ates

.<

N P

ICT

#n

1 #m

1

#

n 2 #

m2

→

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

CH

OO

SE

* = function

input rror

N → nchars 0/1

for the <N MEMORY obj → #nchecksum xsize

uivalent. >ì #n → n

N

<N BRCH

ual to the < P REAL x → n

in) and N (x, y) →

<N TEST nflagnumber →rcentage of < P REAL x y → 100(y – x)/x

ngruences <!

POLYNOMIAL

[ vector1 ] [ vector2 ] → [ vector3 ]

<N IN “prompt” c1 ... cn npos → obj or result “1”

Name Description Access Inputs Outputs

25

BUFLEN Returns the number of characters in the serial buffer and a single digit indicating whether an eoccurred.

BYTES Returns the number of bytes and the checksumgiven object.

B→R Converts a binary integer to its floating-point eq

CASCFG Restores the default CAS mode settings.

CASE Starts CASE … END conditional structure.

CEIL Returns the smallest integer greater than or eqargument.*

CENTR Adjusts first two parameters in PPAR, (xmin, ym(xmax, ymax), so that point (x, y) is plot center.

CF Clears the specified user or system flag.

%CH Returns the percent change from x to y as a pex.*

CHINREM Solves a system of simultaneous polynomial coin the ring Z[x].

CHOOSE Creates a user-defined choose box.

CHR

26

* =

func

tion

CH

RR

etur

ns a

str

ing

repr

esen

ting

the

char

acte

r cor

resp

ondi

ng

to th

e ch

arac

ter

code

n.

<N

TY

PE

n→

“str

ing”

CK

SM

Spe

cifie

s th

e er

ror-

dete

ctio

n sc

hem

e.N

nch

ecks

um→

CLE

AR

Rem

oves

all

obje

cts

from

the

stac

k or

his

tory

.>

ob

j n ...

obj 1

→C

LKA

DJ

Adj

usts

the

syst

em ti

me

by x

clo

ck ti

cks,

whe

re 8

192

cloc

k tic

ks e

qual

1 s

econ

d.>

ç T

OO

LSx

→

CLL

CD

Cle

ars

(bla

nks)

the

stac

k di

spla

y.<

N O

UT

CLO

SE

IOC

lose

s th

e se

rial p

ort,

and

clea

rs th

e in

put b

uffe

r an

d an

y er

ror

mes

sage

s fo

r K

ER

RM

.N

CLΣ

Pur

ges

the

curr

ent s

tatis

tics

mat

rix.

N

CLV

AR

Pur

ges

all v

aria

bles

and

em

pty

subd

irect

orie

s in

the

curr

ent d

irect

ory.

N

CM

PLX

Dis

play

s a

men

u of

com

man

ds p

erta

inin

g to

com

plex

nu

mbe

rs.

N

CN

RM

Ret

urns

the

colu

mn

norm

(on

e-no

rm)

of th

e ar

ray

argu

men

t.<

%

OP

ER

AT

ION

S[ a

rray

]→

x col

umn

norm

CO

L–D

elet

es c

olum

n n

of a

mat

rix, a

nd r

etur

ns th

e m

odifi

ed

mat

rix (

or v

ecto

r) a

nd th

e de

lete

d co

lum

n (o

r el

emen

t).

< P

MA

TR

IX

CO

L [[

mat

rix ]]

1 n

colu

mn

→[[

mat

rix ]]

2 [

vect

or ]

colu

mn

CO

L+In

sert

s an

arr

ay in

to a

mat

rix a

t the

pos

ition

indi

cate

d by

n i

ndex

, and

ret

urns

the

mod

ified

arr

ay.

< P

MA

TR

IX

CO

L [ v

ecto

r ] 1

nel

emen

t n

inde

x→

[ vec

tor

] 2

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

CONT

27

* =

func

tion

→C

OL

Tran

sfor

ms

a m

atrix

into

a s

erie

s of

col

umn

vect

ors

and

retu

rns

the

vect

ors

and

a co

lum

n co

unt.

< P

MA

TR

IX

CO

L [[

mat

rix ]]

→[ v

ecto

r ] c

ol1

[ v

ecto

r ] c

oln

nco

lcou

nt

CO

L→Tr

ansf

orm

s a

serie

s of

col

umn

vect

ors

and

a co

lum

n co

unt i

nto

a m

atrix

con

tain

ing

thos

e co

lum

ns.

< P

MA

TR

IX

CO

L[ v

ecto

r ] c

ol1 [

vec

tor

] col

n n

colc

ount

→[[

mat

rix ]]

CO

LCT

Fac

toriz

es a

pol

ynom

ial o

r in

tege

r. Id

entic

al to

FA

CT

OR

.N

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

CO

LΣS

peci

fies

the

inde

pend

ent-

varia

ble

and

depe

nden

t-va

riabl

e co

lum

ns o

f the

cur

rent

sta

tistic

s m

atrix

.N

x col y

col

→

CO

MB

Ret

urns

the

num

ber

of p

ossi

ble

com

bina

tions

of

n ite

ms

take

n m

at a

tim

e.*

< P

P

RO

BA

BIL

ITY

n m

→C

n,m

CO

NR

etur

ns a

con

stan

t arr

ay, d

efin

ed a

s an

arr

ay w

hose

el

emen

ts a

ll ha

ve th

e sa

me

valu

e.<

P M

AT

RIX

M

AK

E

nco

lum

ns

zco

nsta

nt→

[ vec

tor c

onst

ant ]

CO

ND

Ret

urns

the

1-no

rm (

colu

mn

norm

) co

nditi

on n

umbe

r of

a

squa

re m

atrix

.<

P M

AT

RIX

N

OR

MA

LIZ

E[[

mat

rix ]]

m×

n→

x con

ditio

nnu

mbe

r

CO

NIC

Set

s th

e pl

ot ty

pe to

CO

NIC

.N

CO

NJ

Con

juga

tes

a co

mpl

ex n

umbe

r or

a c

ompl

ex a

rray

.*>

óx

→x

CO

NLI

BO

pens

the

Con

stan

ts L

ibra

ry c

atal

og.

g C

ON

STA

NT

S

LIB

CO

NS

TR

etur

ns th

e va

lue

of a

con

stan

t.*N

‘nam

e’→

x

CO

NT

Res

umes

exe

cutio

n of

a h

alte

d pr

ogra

m.

<:

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

CONVERT

28

* =

func

tion

CO

NV

ER

TC

onve

rts

a so

urce

uni

t obj

ect t

o th

e di

men

sion

s of

a ta

rget

un

it.<

^ U

NIT

S

TO

OLS

x1

_uni

tsso

urce

x2_

units

targ

et→

x 3_u

nits

targ

et

CO

RR

Ret

urns

the

corr

elat

ion

coef

ficie

nt o

f the

inde

pend

ent a

nd

depe

nden

t dat

a co

lum

ns in

the

curr

ent s

tatis

tics

mat

rix.

i→

x cor

rela

tion

CO

SR

etur

ns th

e co

sine

of t

he a

rgum

ent.*

tz

→co

s z

CO

SH

Ret

urns

the

hype

rbol

ic c

osin

e of

the

argu

men

t.*>

û

HY

PE

RB

OLI

Cz

→co

sh z

CO

VR

etur

ns th

e sa

mpl

e co

varia

nce

of th

e in

depe

nden

t and

de

pend

ent d

ata

colu

mns

in th

e cu

rren

t sta

tistic

s m

atrix

.N

→x c

ovar

ianc

e

CR

Prin

ts th

e co

nten

ts, i

f any

, of t

he p

rinte

r bu

ffer.

N

CR

DIR

Cre

ates

an

empt

y su

bdire

ctor

y w

ith th

e sp

ecifi

ed n

ame

in

the

curr

ent d

irect

ory.

<N

ME

MO

RY

DIR

EC

TO

RY

‘glo

bal’

→

CR

OS

SR

etur

ns th

e cr

oss

prod

uct C

= A

× B

of v

ecto

rs A

and

B.

< P

VE

CT

OR

[ vec

tor

] A [

vec

tor

] B→

[ vec

tor

] A ×

B

CS

WP

Sw

aps

colu

mns

i an

d j o

f the

arg

umen

t mat

rix a

nd r

etur

ns

the

mod

ified

mat

rix.

< %

C

RE

AT

E C

OLU

MN

[[ m

atrix

]]1

nco

lum

ni

nco

lum

nj

→[[

mat

rix ]]

2

CU

RL

Ret

urns

the

curl

of a

thre

e-di

men

sion

al v

ecto

r fu

nctio

n.<

$ D

ER

IV

AN

D IN

TE

G[ v

ecto

r 1 ]

[[ a

rray

1 ]]

→‘s

ymb 1

’

CY

LIN

Set

s C

ylin

dric

al c

oord

inat

e m

ode.

N

C→

PX

Con

vert

s th

e sp

ecifi

ed u

ser-

unit

coor

dina

tes

to p

ixel

co

ordi

nate

s.<

N P

ICT

(x, y

)→

#n

, #m

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

DELALARM

29

* =

func

tion

C→

RS

epar

ates

the

real

and

imag

inar

y pa

rts

of a

com

plex

nu

mbe

r or

com

plex

arr

ay.

<N

TY

PE

(x, y

)→

x y

DA

RC

YC

alcu

late

s th

e D

arcy

fric

tion

fact

or o

f cer

tain

flui

d flo

ws.

*N

xe/D

yR

e→

x Dar

cy

→D

AT

ES

ets

the

syst

em d

ate

to d

ate.

>ç

TO

OLS

date

→D

AT

ER

etur

ns th

e sy

stem

dat

e.>

ç T

OO

LS→

date

DA

TE

+R

etur

ns a

pas

t or

futu

re d

ate,

giv

en a

dat

e in

arg

umen

t 1/

leve

l 2 a

nd a

num

ber

of d

ays

in a

rgum

ent 2

/leve

l 1.

>ç

TO

OLS

da

te1

xda

ys→

date

new

DB

UG

Sta

rts

prog

ram

exe

cutio

n, th

en s

uspe

nds

it as

if H

ALT

w

ere

the

first

pro

gram

com

man

d.N

« pr

ogra

m »

or

‘pro

gram

nam

e’→

DD

AY

SR

etur

ns th

e nu

mbe

r of

day

s be

twee

n tw

o da

tes.

>ç

TO

OLS

date

1 d

ate 2

→x d

ays

DE

CS

elec

ts d

ecim

al b

ase

for

bina

ry in

tege

r op

erat

ions

. (T

he

defa

ult b

ase

is d

ecim

al).

N

DE

CR

Take

s a

varia

ble,

sub

trac

ts 1

, sto

res

the

new

val

ue b

ack

into

the

orig

inal

var

iabl

e, a

nd r

etur

ns th

e ne

w v

alue

.<

N M

EM

OR

Y

AR

ITH

ME

TIC

‘nam

e’→

x new

DE

FIN

ES

tore

s th

e ex

pres

sion

on

the

right

sid

e of

the

= in

the

varia

ble

spec

ified

on

the

left

side

, or

crea

tes

a us

er-

defin

ed fu

nctio

n.

<#

‘nam

e=ex

p’→

DE

GS

ets

the

angl

e m

ode

to d

egre

es.

N

DE

LALA

RM

Del

etes

the

spec

ified

ala

rm.

>ç

TO

OLS

A

LRM

nin

dex

→

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

DELAY

30

* =

func

tion

DE

LAY

Spe

cifie

s ho

w m

any

seco

nds

the

HP

49 w

aits

bet

wee

n se

ndin

g lin

es o

f inf

orm

atio

n to

the

prin

ter.

Nx d

elay

→

DE

LKE

YS

Cle

ars

user

-def

ined

key

ass

ignm

ents

.N

x key

→D

EP

ND

Spe

cifie

s th

e de

pend

ent v

aria

ble

(and

its

plot

ting

rang

e fo

r T

RU

TH

plo

ts).

N‘g

loba

l’→

DE

PT

HR

etur

ns a

rea

l num

ber

repr

esen

ting

the

num

ber

of

obje

cts

pres

ent o

n th

e st

ack

(bef

ore

DE

PT

H w

as

exec

uted

).

<N

ST

AC

K

→n

DE

RIV

Ret

urns

the

part

ial d

eriv

ativ

es o

f a fu

nctio

n, w

ith r

espe

ct

to th

e sp

ecifi

ed v

aria

bles

.*<

$ D

ER

IV

AN

D IN

TE

G‘s

ymb 1

’ z

→‘s

ymb 2

’

DE

RV

XR

etur

ns th

e de

rivat

ive

of a

func

tion

with

res

pect

to th

e cu

rren

t var

iabl

e.*

<$

DE

RIV

A

ND

INT

EG

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

DE

SO

LVE

Sol

ves

cert

ain

first

-ord

er o

rdin

ary

diffe

rent

ial e

quat

ions

w

ith r

espe

ct to

the

curr

ent v

aria

ble.

<&

‘sym

b 1’

‘sym

b 2’

→‘s

ymb 3

’

DE

TR

etur

ns th

e de

term

inan

t of a

squ

are

mat

rix.

< %

O

PE

RA

TIO

NS

[[ m

atrix

]]→

x det

erm

inan

t

DE

TAC

HD

etac

hes

the

libra

ry w

ith th

e sp

ecifi

ed n

umbe

r fr

om th

e cu

rren

t dire

ctor

y.N

n lib

rary

→

→D

IAG

Ret

urns

a v

ecto

r th

at c

onta

ins

the

maj

or d

iago

nal

elem

ents

of a

mat

rix.

<%

C

RE

AT

E[[

mat

rix ]]

→[ v

ecto

r ] d

iago

nals

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

DO

ER

R

* = function

matrix ray.

< % CREATE

[ array ]diagonals dim → [[ matrix ]]

N

N

<N OUT obj n →<$ DERIV AND INTEG

[[ array1 ]] [[ array2 ]] → ‘symb1’

s. Step-by- <!POLYNOMIAL

‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ → ‘symb3’

s modulo <! MODULO ‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ → ‘symb3’

an integer. <! ‘symb1’ → list1

odulus.*<! MODULO

‘symb1’ z → ‘symb2’

two <$ LIMITS & SERIES

‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ z → ‘symb3’

cture. <N BRANCH

ogram to <N ERROR nerror →


31

DIAG→ Takes an array and a dimension and returns a whose major diagonal is the elements of the ar

DIFF Displays a menu of calculus commands.

DIFFEQ Sets the plot type to DIFFEQ.

DISP Displays obj in the nth display line.

DIV Returns the divergence of a vector function.

DIV2 Performs euclidean division on two expressionstep mode is available with this command.

DIV2MOD Performs euclidean division on two expressionthe current modulus.

DIVIS Returns a list of the divisors of a polynomial or

DIVMOD Divides two expressions modulo the current m

DIVPC Returns a Taylor polynomial for the quotient ofexpressions.

DO Starts DO … UNTIL … END indefinite loop stru

DOERR Executes a “user-specified” error, causing a prbehave exactly as if a normal error occurred.

DOLIST

32

* =

func

tion

DO

LIS

TA

pplie

s co

mm

ands

, pro

gram

s, o

r us

er-d

efin

ed fu

nctio

ns

to li

sts.

<N

LIS

T

PR

OC

ED

UR

ES

lis

t 1

...

list

n

n «

pro

gram

»→

re

sults

DO

SU

BS

App

lies

a pr

ogra

m o

r co

mm

and

to g

roup

s of

ele

men

ts in

a

list.

<N

LIS

T

PR

OC

ED

UR

ES

lis

t 1

n «

pro

gram

»→

lis

t 2

DO

TR

etur

ns th

e do

t pro

duct

A·B

of t

wo

arra

ys A

and

B.

< %

V

EC

TO

R[ a

rray

A ]

[ ar

ray B

]→

x

DR

AW

Plo

ts th

e m

athe

mat

ical

dat

a in

the

rese

rved

var

iabl

e E

Q.N

DR

AW

3DM

AT

RIX

Dra

ws

a 3D

plo

t fro

m th

e va

lues

in a

spe

cifie

d m

atrix

.N

[[ m

atrix

]] v

min

vm

ax→

DR

AX

Dra

ws

axes

in P

ICT.

N

DR

OP

Rem

oves

the

leve

l 1 o

bjec

t fro

m th

e st

ack.

<N

ST

AC

Kob

j→

DR

OP

2R

emov

es th

e fir

st tw

o ob

ject

s fr

om th

e st

ack.

<N

ST

AC

Kob

j 1 o

bj2

→D

RO

PN

Rem

oves

the

first

n +

1 o

bjec

ts fr

om th

e st

ack

(the

firs

t n

obje

cts

excl

udin

g th

e in

tege

r n

itsel

f).

<N

ST

AC

Kob

j 1 ..

. obj

n n

→

DTA

GR

emov

es a

ll ta

gs (

labe

ls)

from

an

obje

ct.

<N

TY

PE

tag:

obj

→ob

j

DU

PR

etur

ns a

cop

y of

the

argu

men

t (or

the

obje

ct o

n le

vel 1

).<

N S

TA

CK

obj

→ob

j ob

j

DU

P2

Ret

urns

cop

ies

of th

e tw

o ar

gum

ents

(or

the

obje

cts

on

leve

ls 1

and

2 o

f the

sta

ck).

<N

ST

AC

Kob

j 2 o

bj1

→ob

j 2 o

bj1

obj

2 o

bj1

DU

PD

UP

Dup

licat

es a

n ob

ject

twic

e.N

obj

→ob

j ob

j ob

j

Nam

eD

escr

iptio

nA

cces

sIn

puts

Out

puts

EN

DS

UB

* = function

eturns + 1.

<N STACK obj1 … objn n → obj1 … objn obj1 … objn

in degrees < P REAL x → (π/180)x

al ` < E → ‘e’

here it can N obj →

vironment. N obj →d c where: <!

POLYNOMIAL‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ → ‘symb3’ ‘symb4’ ‘symb5’

ors for a < % EIGENVECTOR

[[matrix ]]A → [[matrix ]]EVec [vector ]EVal

< % EIGENVECTOR

[[ matrix ]]A → [ vector ]EVal

ing <N BRANCH

loop <N BRANCH

ub-lists <N LIST PROCEDURES


33

DUPN Takes integer n from level 1 of the stack, and rcopies of objects on stack levels 2 through to n

D→R Converts a real number representing an angleto its equivalent in radians.*

e Returns the symbolic constant e or its numericrepresentation, 2.71828182846.*

EDIT Moves specified object to the command line wbe edited.

EDITB Opens an object in the most suitable editing en

EGCD Given two polynomials, u and v, returns a, b, anau + bv = c.

EGV Computes the eigenvalues and right eigenvectsquare matrix.

EGVL Computes the eigenvalues of a square matrix.

ELSE Starts false clause in conditional or error-trappstructure.

END Ends conditional, error-trapping, and indefinitestructures.

ENDSUB Provides a way to access the total number of scontained in the list used by DOSUBS.

ENG

34

* =

func

tion

EN

GS

ets

the

num

ber

disp

lay

form

at to

eng

inee

ring

mod

e.N

n→

EP

SX

0R

epla

ces

with

zer

o th

ose

coef

ficie

nts

in a

pol

ynom

ial t

hat

have

an

abso

lute

val

ue le

ss th

an th

e va

riabl

e E

PS

.N

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

EQ

WO

pens

Equ

atio

n W

riter

, whe

re y

ou c

an e

dit a

n ex

pres

sion

.N

exp 1

→ex

p 2E

Q→

Sep

arat

es a

n eq

uatio

n in

to it

s le

ft an

d rig

ht s

ides

.<

N T

YP

E‘s

ymb 1

=sym

b 2’

→‘s

ymb 1

’ ‘s

ymb 2

’

ER

AS

EE

rase

s P

ICT,

leav

ing

a bl

ank

PIC

T o

f the

sam

e di

men

sion

s.N

ER

R0

Cle

ars

the

last

err

or n

umbe

r (a

nd m

essa

ge)

so th

at a

su

bseq

uent

exe

cutio

n of

ER

RN

ret

urns

# 0

h.<

N E

RR

OR

ER

RM

Ret

urns

a s

trin

g co

ntai

ning

the

erro

r m

essa

ge o

f the

mos

t re

cent

cal

cula

tor

erro

r.<

N E

RR

OR

→“e

rror

mes

sage

”

ER

RN

Ret

urns

the

erro

r nu

mbe

r of

the

mos

t rec

ent c

alcu

lato

r er

ror.

<N

ER

RO

R→

#ner

ror

EU

LER

Ret

urns

the

num

ber

of in

tege

rs le

ss th

an a

spe

cifie

d in

tege

r th

at a

re c

o-pr

ime

with

the

inte

ger.*

<!

INT

EG

ER

z 1→

z 2

EV

AL

Eva

luat

es th

e ob

ject

.>

ùob

j→

EX

LRR

etur

ns th

e le

ft- a

nd r

ight

-han

d si

des

of a

n eq

uatio

n as

di

scre

te e

xpre

ssio

ns.

N‘s

ymb 1

’→

‘sym

b 2’

‘sym

b 3’

EX

PR

etur

ns th

e ex

pone

ntia

l, or

nat

ural

ant

iloga

rithm

, of t

he

argu

men

t; th

at is

, e r

aise

d to

the

give

n po

wer

.*<

Qz

→ez

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

FAC

TO

RM

OD

* = function

n. N ‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’

n. >ú ‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’

the current <! MODULO ‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’

utions of N

ssion to <^ ‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’

ú ‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’

dulus. The umber.* <! MODULO

‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’


35

EXPAN Expands and simplifies an algebraic expressio

EXPAND Expands and simplifies an algebraic expressio

EXPANDMOD Expands and simplifies an expression, modulomodulus.*

EXPFIT Stores EXPFIT in ΣPAR, thus subsequent execLR will use the exponential curve fitting model.

EXPLN Transforms the trigonometric terms in an expreexponential and logarithmic terms.

EXPM Returns ex – 1.*

EYEPT Specifies the coordinates of the eye point in a pplot.

F0λ Returns the fraction of total black-body emissivtemperature xT between wavelengths 0 and yla

FACT FACT is the same as !. See !.

FACTOR Factorizes a polynomial or an integer.

FACTORMOD Factorizes a polynomial modulo the current momodulus must be less than 100, and a prime n

FACTORS

36

* =

func

tion

FAC

TO

RS

For

a v

alue

or

expr

essi

on, r

etur

ns a

list

of p

rime

fact

ors

and

thei

r m

ultip

liciti

es.

<!

z→

lis

t

FAN

NIN

GC

alcu

late

s th

e F

anni

ng fr

ictio

n fa

ctor

of c

erta

in fl

uid

flow

s.*

Nx x

/D y

Re

→x f

anni

ng

FAS

T3D

Set

s th

e pl

ot ty

pe to

FA

ST

3D

.N

FC

OE

FF

rom

an

arra

y of

roo

ts a

nd m

ultip

liciti

es/p

oles

, ret

urns

a

ratio

nal p

olyn

omia

l with

a le

adin

g co

effic

ient

of

1.<

!

PO

LYN

OM

IAL

[[ ar

ray 1

]]→

‘sym

b 1’

FC

?Te

sts

whe

ther

the

spec

ified

sys

tem

or

user

flag

is c

lear

, an

d re

turn

s a

corr

espo

ndin

g te

st r

esul

t.<

N T

ES

T

nfla

gnu

mbe

r→

0/1

FC

?CTe

sts

whe

ther

the

spec

ified

sys

tem

or

user

flag

is c

lear

, re

turn

s a

corr

espo

ndin

g te

st r

esul

t, an

d th

en c

lear

s th

e fla

g.

<N

TE

ST

nfla

gnu

mbe

r→

0/1

FF

TC

ompu

tes

the

one-

or

two-

dim

ensi

onal

dis

cret

e F

ourie

r tr

ansf

orm

of a

n ar

ray.

< P

FF

T[ a

rray

] 1→

[ arr

ay ] 2

FIL

ER

Ope

ns F

ile M

anag

er.

< G

FIN

DA

LAR

MR

etur

ns th

e al

arm

inde

x n i

ndex

of t

he fi

rst a

larm

due

afte

r th

e sp

ecifi

ed ti

me.

>ç

TO

OLS

A

LRM

date

→n

inde

x

FIN

ISH

Term

inat

es K

erm

it S

erve

r m

ode

in a

con

nect

ed d

evic

e.N

FIX

Set

s th

e nu

mbe

r di

spla

y fo

rmat

to fi

x m

ode,

whi

ch r

ound

s th

e di

spla

y to

n d

ecim

al p

lace

s.N

n→

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

FR

OO

TS

* = function

N #n function →r equal to < P REAL x → n

N → obj

N → obj

N → obj

N → obj

N obj →e loop <N BRANCH FOR xstart x finish →

r series <$ DERIV. & INTEG

‘symb1’ z1 → z2

< P REAL x → y

t it is not <N OUT ndisplayarea →

s roots and <! POLYNOMIAL

‘symb1’ → [[ array1 ]]


37

FLASHEVAL Evaluates unnamed flash functions.

FLOOR Returns the greatest integer that is less than othe argument.*

→FONT Returns the current system font.

FONT6 Returns the system FONT 6 object.



FONT→ Sets the system font.*

FOR Starts FOR … NEXT and FOR … STEP definitstructures.

FOURIER Returns the nth coefficient of a complex Fourieexpansion.*

FP Returns the fractional part of the argument.*

FREEZE Freezes the specified part of the display so thaupdated until a key is pressed.

FROOTS For a rational polynomial, returns an array of itpoles, with their corresponding multiplicities.

38

FS

?

* = function

is set, and <N TEST nflagnumber → 0/1

is set, the flag.

<N TEST nflagnumber → 0/1

N

inator. N ‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’ ‘symb3’

atic form. <% QUADRATIC FORM

‘symb1’ [ vector1 ] → [[ array1 ]] [[ array2 ]] ‘symb2’ list

jects. <! POLYNOMIAL

‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ → z

omials <! MODULO

‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ → ‘symb3’

list, or an <N LIST ELEMENTS

[[ matrix ]] nposition → zget

list, or an <N LIST ELEMENTS

[[ matrix ]] nposition1 → [[ matrix ]] nposition2 zget

<N GROB grobtarget #n #m grob1 → grobresult

h

N


FS? Tests whether the specified system or user flagreturns a corresponding test result.

FS?C Tests whether the specified system or user flagreturns a corresponding test result, then clears

FUNCTION Sets the plot type to FUNCTION.

FXND Splits an object into a numerator and a denom

GAUSS Returns the diagonal representation of a quadr

GCD Returns the greatest common divisor of two ob

GCDMOD Finds the greatest common divisor of two polynmodulo the current modulus.*

GET Retrieves the specified object from a matrix, a array.

GETI Retrieves the specified object from a matrix, a array, and the index of the next object.

GOR Superimposes grob1 onto grobtarget.

GRAD Sets Grads angle mode.

GRIDMAP Sets the plot type to GRIDMAP.

HE

X

* = function

ct, where object.

N obj ncharsize → grob

N grob1 grob2 → grob3

<N GROB grobtarget #n #m grob1 → grobresult

of two <%

OPERATIONS

[[ matrix1 ]] [[ matrix2 ]] → [[ matrix3 ]]

n(x/2) >û ‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’

<N RUN & DEBUG

<NCHARS obj1 ... objn → obj1

r. N → z

N z →

<! POLYNOMIAL

z → ‘symb1’

f an les.

<$ DERIV & INTEG

‘symb1’ [ vector1 ] → [[ matrix ]] z [ vector2 ]

ations. N


39

→GROB Creates a graphics object from a specified objethe argument nchar size specifies the size of the

GROBADD Combines two graphic objects.

GXOR Superimposes grob1 onto grobtarget.

HADAMARD Performs an element by element multiplicationmatrices (Hadamard product).

HALFTAN Replaces sin(x), cos(x) and tan(x) terms with taterms.

HALT Halts program execution.

HEAD Returns the first element of a list or string.

HEADER→ Returns the size, in lines, of the display heade

→HEADER Sets the size, in lines, of the display header.

HERMITE Returns the nth Hermite polynomial.*

HESS Returns the Hessian matrix and the gradient oexpression with respect to the specified variab

HEX Sets hexadecimal base for binary integer oper

40

HIL

BE

RT

* = function

order. <%

CREATE

z → [[ matrix ]]

N

N

degrees ds format.

> ç TOOLS x → HMS

ere the rs-minutes-

>ç TOOLS HMS1 HMS2 → HMS1 – HMS2

e rs-minutes-

>ç TOOLS HMS1 HMS2 → HMS1 + HMS2

nds format >ç TOOLS HMS → x

y. N

<!

POLYNOMIAL

‘symb1’ z1 → ‘symb2’ z2 z3

l <M → ‘i’


HILBERT Returns a square Hilbert matrix of the specified

HISTOGRAM Sets the plot type to HISTOGRAM.

HISTPLOT Plots a frequency histogram.

→HMS Converts a real number representing hours or with a decimal fraction to hours-minutes-secon

HMS– Returns the difference of two real numbers, wharguments and the result are interpreted in houseconds format.

HMS+ Returns the sum of two real numbers, where tharguments and the result are interpreted in houseconds format.

HMS→ Converts a real number in hours-minutes-secoto its decimal form.

HOME Makes the HOME directory the current director

HORNER Executes a Horner scheme on a polynomial.

i Returns the symbolic constant i or its numericarepresentation, (0, 1).*

IFT

* = function

v = c, <! INTEGER

n1 n2 n3 → z1 z2

teger.* N n1 → z1

<$DERIV & INTEG

‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ → ‘symb3’ ‘symb4’

s using the <! INTEGER [ vector1 ] [ vector2 ] → [ vector3 ]

art of a/b, <! INTEGER n1 n2 → n3 n4

< % CREATE

n → [[ R-matrixidentity ]]

ers, a, b, <! INTEGER n1 n2 → n3 n4 n5

ELSE … <N BRANCH

THEN … <N ERROR IFERR

discrete < P FFT [ array ]1 → [ array ]2

/F is zero. <N BRANCH T/F obj →


41

IABCUV Returns a solution in integers u and v of au + bwhere a, b, and c are integers.

IBERNOULLI Returns the nth Bernoulli number for a given in

IBP Performs integration by parts on a function.

ICHINREM Solves a system of two congruences in integerChinese Remainder theorem.

IDIV2 For two integers, a and b, returns the integer pand the remainder, r.

IDN Returns an identity matrix.

IEGCD Given two integers x and y, returns three integand c, such that: ax + by = c.

IF Starts IF … THEN … END and IF … THEN … END conditional structures.

IFERR Starts IFERR … THEN … END and IFERR … ELSE … END error trapping structures.

IFFT Computes the one- or two-dimensional inverseFourier transform of an array.

IFT Executes obj if T/F is nonzero; discards obj if T

IFTE

42

* =

func

tion

IFT

EE

xecu

tes

the

obj i

n ar

gum

ent 2

or l

evel

2 if

T/F

is n

onze

ro.

Exe

cute

s th

e ob

j in

argu

men

t 3 o

r le

vel 1

if T

/F is

zer

o.*

<N

BR

AN

CH

T/F

obj

true

obj

fals

e→

ILA

PR

etur

ns th

e in

vers

e La

plac

e tr

ansf

orm

of a

n ex

pres

sion

. T

he e

xpre

ssio

n m

ust e

valu

ate

to a

rat

iona

l fra

ctio

n.*

<$

DIF

FE

RE

NT

IAL

EQ

NS

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

IMR

etur

ns th

e im

agin

ary

part

of i

ts c

ompl

ex a

rgum

ent.*

> ó

x→

0

INC

RTa

kes

a va

riabl

e, a

dds

1, s

tore

s th

e ne

w v

alue

bac

k in

to

the

orig

inal

var

iabl

e, a

nd r

etur

ns th

e ne

w v

alue

.<

N M

EM

OR

Y

AR

ITH

ME

TIC

‘nam

e’→

x inc

rem

ent

IND

EP

Spe

cifie

s th

e in

depe

nden

t var

iabl

e an

d its

plo

tting

ran

ge.N

‘glo

bal’

→IN

FO

RM

Cre

ates

a u

ser-

defin

ed in

put f

orm

(di

alog

box

).<

N IN

“titl

e”

s 1, s

2, ..

. sn

fo

rmat

re

sets

init

→

va

ls

1

INP

UT

Pro

mpt

s fo

r da

ta in

put t

o th

e co

mm

and

line

and

halts

st

ack

or c

omm

and

line

oper

atio

ns.

<N

IN“s

tack

pro

mpt

” “

com

man

d-lin

epr

ompt

”→

“res

ult”

INT

Cal

cula

tes

the

antid

eriv

ativ

e of

a fu

nctio

n fo

r a

give

n va

riabl

e, a

t a g

iven

poi

nt.*

N‘s

ymb 1

’ ‘s

ymb 2

’ ‘s

ymb 3

’→

‘sym

b 4’

INT

VX

Fin

ds th

e an

tider

ivat

ive

of a

func

tion

sym

bolic

ally

, with

re

spec

t to

the

curr

ent d

efau

lt va

riabl

e.*

<$

DE

RIV

. &

INT

EG

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

INV

Ret

urns

the

reci

proc

al o

r th

e m

atrix

inve

rse.

*y

z→

1/z

INV

MO

DP

erfo

rms

mod

ular

inve

rsio

n on

an

obje

ct m

odul

o th

e cu

rren

t mod

ulus

.*<

! M

OD

ULO

obj 1

→ob

j 1

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

KGET

43

* =

func

tion

IPR

etur

ns th

e in

tege

r pa

rt o

f the

arg

umen

t.*<

P R

EA

Lx

→n

IQU

OT

Ret

urns

the

inte

ger

quot

ient

of t

wo

inte

gers

.*<

! IN

TE

GE

Rn 1

n2

→ n

3

IRE

MA

IND

ER

Ret

urns

the

rem

aind

er o

f an

inte

ger

divi

sion

.*N

n 1 n

2→

n3

ISO

LR

etur

ns a

n al

gebr

aic

sym

b 2 th

at r

earr

ange

s sy

mb 1

to

isol

ate

the

first

occ

urre

nce

of v

aria

ble

glob

al.

< &

‘ sym

b 1’

‘glo

bal’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

ISP

RIM

E?

Test

s if

a nu

mbe

r is

prim

e.*

<!

INT

EG

ER

obj 1

→T

/F

I→R

Con

vert

s an

inte

ger

into

a r

eal n

umbe

r.*

Nn

→z

JOR

DA

NC

ompu

tes

the

eige

nval

ues,

eig

enve

ctor

s, m

inim

um

poly

nom

ial,

and

char

acte

ristic

pol

ynom

ial o

f a m

atrix

.<

%

EIG

EN

VE

CT

OR

S[[

mat

rix1

]]→

‘sym

b 1’

‘sym

b 2’

lis

t 1

[[ a

rray

1 ]]

KE

RR

MR

etur

ns th

e te

xt o

f the

mos

t rec

ent K

erm

it er

ror

pack

et.N

→“e

rror

mes

sage

”

KE

YS

uspe

nds

prog

ram

exe

cutio

n un

til a

key

is p

ress

ed, t

hen

retu

rns

the

row

-col

umn

loca

tion

x nm

of t

hat k

ey.

<N

IN→

x n m

1

KE

YE

VA

LA

ctio

ns th

e sp

ecifi

ed k

ey p

ress

.N

rc.p

1→

→K

EY

TIM

ES

ets

a ne

w k

eytim

e va

lue,

or

the

time

in ti

cks

afte

r a

keyp

ress

unt

il an

othe

r ke

y is

act

ione

d.N

time

→

KE

YT

IME

→D

ispl

ays

the

curr

ent k

eytim

e va

lue.

N→

time

KG

ET

Use

d by

a lo

cal K

erm

it to

get

a K

erm

it se

rver

to tr

ansm

it th

e na

med

obj

ect(

s).

N‘n

ame’

→

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

KILL

44

* =

func

tion

KIL

LC

ance

ls a

ll cu

rren

tly h

alte

d pr

ogra

ms.

If K

ILL

is e

xecu

ted

with

in a

pro

gram

, tha

t pro

gram

is a

lso

canc

eled

.<

N R

UN

&

DE

BU

G

LAB

EL

Labe

ls a

xes

in P

ICT

with

var

iabl

e na

mes

and

with

the

min

imum

and

max

imum

val

ues

of th

e di

spla

y ra

nges

.N

LAG

RA

NG

ER

etur

ns th

e in

terp

olat

ing

poly

nom

ial o

f min

imum

deg

ree

for

a pa

ir of

val

ues.

<!

P

OLY

NO

MIA

L[[

mat

rix1

]]→

‘sym

b 1’

LAN

GU

AG

E→

Ret

urns

a v

alue

indi

catin

g th

e m

essa

ge la

ngua

ge.

N→

z

→LA

NG

UA

GE

Set

s th

e la

ngua

ge u

sed

in m

essa

ges.

Nz

→LA

PP

erfo

rms

a La

plac

e tr

ansf

orm

on

an e

xpre

ssio

n w

ith

resp

ect t

o th

e cu

rren

t def

ault

varia

ble.

*<

$

DIF

FE

RE

NT

IAL

EQ

NS

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

LAP

LR

etur

ns th

e La

plac

ian

of a

func

tion

with

res

pect

to a

ve

ctor

of v

aria

bles

.<

$ D

ER

IV &

IN

TE

G‘s

ymb 1

’ [

vect

or1

]→

‘sym

b 2’

LAS

TAR

GR

etur

ns c

opie

s of

the

argu

men

ts o

f the

mos

t rec

ently

ex

ecut

ed c

omm

and.

*<

N E

RR

OR

→

obj n

… o

bj1

→LC

DD

ispl

ays

the

spec

ified

gra

phic

s ob

ject

with

its

uppe

r le

ft pi

xel i

n th

e up

per

left

corn

er o

f the

dis

play

.N

grob

→

LCD

→R

etur

ns th

e cu

rren

t sta

ck a

nd m

enu

disp

lay

as a

131

× 6

4 gr

aphi

cs o

bjec

t.<

N G

RO

B→

grob

LCM

Ret

urns

the

leas

t com

mon

mul

tiple

of t

wo

obje

cts.

*<

!P

OLY

NO

MIA

L‘s

ymb 1

’ ‘s

ymb 2

’→

‘sym

b 3’

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

LINFIT

45

* =

func

tion

LCX

MF

rom

a p

rogr

am w

ith tw

o ar

gum

ents

, bui

lds

a m

atrix

with

th

e sp

ecifi

ed n

umbe

r of

row

s an

d co

lum

ns, w

ith a

ij =

f(i,j

).N

n 1 n

2

«pro

gram

»→

[[ m

atrix

1 ]]

LDE

CS

olve

s a

linea

r di

ffere

ntia

l equ

atio

n w

ith c

onst

ant

coef

ficie

nts.

<&

‘sym

b 1’

‘sym

b 2’

→‘s

ymb 3

’

LEG

EN

DR

ER

etur

ns th

e nt

h de

gree

Leg

endr

e po

lyno

mia

l.*<

!

PO

LYN

OM

IAL

n 1→

‘sym

b 1’

LGC

DR

etur

ns th

e gr

eate

st c

omm

on d

ivis

or o

f a li

st o

f ex

pres

sion

s or

val

ues.

*<

!li

st1

→li

st1

z1

LIB

EV

AL

Eva

luat

es u

nnam

ed li

brar

y fu

nctio

ns.

N#n

func

tion

→LI

BS

List

s th

e tit

le, n

umbe

r, an

d po

rt o

f eac

h lib

rary

atta

ched

to

the

curr

ent d

irect

ory.

N

→“

title

” n

lib n

port …

“titl

e” n

lib n

port

LIM

ITR

etur

ns th

e lim

it of

a fu

nctio

n as

it a

ppro

ache

s a

spec

ified

va

lue.

*<

$ L

IMIT

S &

S

ER

IES

‘sym

b 1’

‘sym

b 2’

→‘s

ymb 3

’

LIN

Line

ariz

es e

xpre

ssio

ns in

volv

ing

expo

nent

ial t

erm

s.<

*‘ s

ymb 1

’→

‘sym

b 2’

LIN

ED

raw

s a

line

in P

ICT

bet

wee

n th

e in

put c

oord

inat

es.

<N

PIC

T(x

1, y

1) (

x 2, y

2)→

ΣLIN

ER

etur

ns a

n ex

pres

sion

rep

rese

ntin

g th

e be

st fi

t lin

e ac

cord

ing

to th

e cu

rren

t sta

tistic

al m

odel

.N

→‘s

ymb

form

ula’

LIN

FIT

Sto

res

LIN

FIT

in th

e re

serv

ed v

aria

ble

ΣPA

R. S

ubse

quen

t ex

ecut

ions

of L

R w

ill u

se th

e lin

ear

curv

e fit

ting

mod

el.N

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

LININ

46

* =

func

tion

LIN

INTe

sts

whe

ther

an

alge

brai

c is

str

uctu

rally

line

ar fo

r a g

iven

va

riabl

e.*

<N

TE

ST

‘sym

b’ ‘

nam

e’→

0/1

LIN

SO

LVE

Sol

ves

a sy

stem

of l

inea

r eq

uatio

ns.

<&

[[ ar

ray 1

]] [

vec

tor 1

]→

‘sym

b 1’

lis

t 1

‘sy

mb 2

’

ΣLIS

TR

etur

ns th

e su

m o

f the

ele

men

ts in

a li

st.

<P

LIS

T

list

→z

∆LIS

TR

etur

ns th

e fir

st d

iffer

ence

s of

the

elem

ents

in a

list

.<

P L

IST

lis

t →

di

ffere

nces

ΠLI

ST

Ret

urns

the

prod

uct o

f the

ele

men

ts in

a li

st.

< P

LIS

T

list

→z

→LI

ST

Take

s n

spec

ified

obj

ects

and

ret

urns

a li

st o

f tho

se

obje

cts.

Nob

j 1 …

obj

n n

→

obj 1

… o

bjn

LIS

T→

Take

s a

list o

f n o

bjec

ts a

nd r

etur

ns e

ach

obje

ct

sepa

rate

ly, a

nd r

etur

ns th

e to

tal n

umbe

r of

obj

ects

to it

em.N

ob

j 1 ..

.obj

n

→ob

j 1 …

obj

n n

LNR

etur

ns th

e na

tura

l (ba

se e

) lo

garit

hm o

f the

arg

umen

t.*>

ïz

→ln

z

LNA

ME

Ret

urns

the

varia

ble

nam

es in

a s

ymbo

lic e

xpre

ssio

n.N

‘sym

b 1’

→[ v

ecto

r 1 ]

LNC

OLL

EC

TS

impl

ifies

an

expr

essi

on b

y co

llect

ing

loga

rithm

ic te

rms.

>ú

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

LNP

1R

etur

ns ln

(x

+ 1

).*

ý

z→

log

z

LOG

FIT

Sto

res

LOG

FIT

in Σ

PA

R. S

ubse

quen

t exe

cutio

ns o

f LR

w

ill u

se th

e lo

g cu

rve-

fittin

g m

odel

.N

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

MAX

47

* =

func

tion

LQR

etur

ns th

e LQ

fact

oriz

atio

n of

an

m ×

n m

atrix

. <

%

FA

CT

OR

IZA

TIO

N

[[ m

atrix

]]A

→[[

mat

rix ]]

L [[

mat

rix ]]

Q [

[ mat

rix ]]

P

LRU

ses

curr

ently

sel

ecte

d st

atis

tical

mod

el to

cal

cula

te th

e lin

ear

regr

essi

on c

oeffi

cien

ts (

inte

rcep

t and

slo

pe).

N→

Inte

rcep

t: x

1 S

lope

: x2

LSQ

Ret

urns

the

min

imum

nor

m le

ast s

quar

es s

olut

ion

to a

ny

syst

em o

f lin

ear

equa

tions

whe

re A

× X

= B

.<

%

OP

ER

AT

ION

S[ a

rray

] B [

[ mat

rix ]]

A→

[ arr

ay ] x

LUR

etur

ns th

e LU

dec

ompo

sitio

n of

a s

quar

e m

atrix

.<

%

FA

CT

OR

IZA

TIO

N

[[ m

atrix

]]A

→[[

mat

rix ]]

L [[

mat

rix ]]

U [

[ mat

rix ]]

P

LVA

RR

etur

ns a

list

of v

aria

bles

in a

n al

gebr

aic

obje

ct.

Nob

j 1→

obj 2

[ v

ecto

r 1 ]

MA

DR

etur

ns d

etai

ls o

f a s

quar

e m

atrix

.<

%O

PE

RA

TIO

NS

[[ ar

ray 1

]]→

‘sym

b 1’

‘sym

b 2’

[[ m

atrix

1 ]]

‘s

ymb 3

’

MA

IN D

ispl

ays

a m

enu

of C

AS

cat

egor

ies.

N

MA

NT

Ret

urns

the

man

tissa

of t

he a

rgum

ent.*

< P

RE

AL

x→

y man

t

MA

PA

pplie

s a

spec

ified

pro

gram

to a

list

of o

bjec

ts o

r va

lues

.N

lis

t 1

«pr

ogra

m»

→

list 2

↑MA

TC

HR

ewrit

es a

n ex

pres

sion

that

mat

ches

a s

peci

fied

patte

rn.N

‘sym

b 1’

‘s

ymb

pat’,

‘sym

bre

pl’

→‘s

ymb 2

’ 0/

1

↓MA

TC

HLi

ke ↑

MA

TC

H, b

ut w

orks

top-

dow

n no

t bot

tom

-up.

N‘s

ymb 1

’

‘sym

bpa

t’, ‘s

ymb

repl’

→‘s

ymb 2

’ 0/

1

MA

TR

Dis

play

s a

men

u of

mat

rix c

omm

ands

.N

MA

XR

etur

ns th

e gr

eate

r of

two

inpu

ts.*

< P

RE

AL

x y

→m

ax(x

,y)

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

MAXR

48

* =

func

tion

MA

XR

Ret

urns

the

sym

bolic

con

stan

t MA

XR

or

its n

umer

ical

re

pres

enta

tion

9.99

9999

9999

9E49

9.*

< P

C

ON

ST

AN

TS

→‘M

AX

R’

MA

XΣ

Fin

ds th

e m

axim

um c

oord

inat

e va

lue

in e

ach

of th

e m

co

lum

ns o

f the

cur

rent

sta

tistic

al m

atrix

.N

→x m

ax

MC

ALC

Des

igna

tes

a va

riabl

e as

a c

alcu

late

d va

riabl

e fo

r th

e m

ultip

le-e

quat

ion

solv

er.

N‘n

ame’

→

ME

AN

Ret

urns

the

mea

n of

eac

h of

the

m c

olum

ns o

f coo

rdin

ate

valu

es in

the

curr

ent s

tatis

tics

mat

rix.

N→

x mea

n

ME

MR

etur

ns th

e nu

mbe

r of

byt

es o

f ava

ilabl

e R

AM

.<

N M

EM

OR

Y

→x

ME

NU

Dis

play

s a

built

-in m

enu

or a

libr

ary

men

u, o

r de

fines

and

di

spla

ys a

cus

tom

men

u.N

x men

u→

ME

NU

XY

Dis

play

s a

func

tion

key

men

u of

the

com

pute

r al

gebr

a co

mm

ands

in th

e sp

ecifi

ed r

ange

.N

n 1 n

2→

“str

ing 1

”

MIN

Ret

urns

the

less

er o

f tw

o in

puts

.*<

P R

EA

Lx

y→

min

(x,y

)

MIN

IFO

NT

→R

etur

ns th

e fo

nt u

sed

as th

e m

inifo

nt.

N→

obj

→M

INIF

ON

TS

ets

the

font

use

d as

the

min

ifont

.N

obj

→M

INIT

Cre

ates

the

rese

rved

var

iabl

e M

PAR

, whi

ch in

clud

es th

e eq

uatio

ns in

EQ

and

the

varia

bles

in th

ese

equa

tions

. (U

sed

by th

e m

ultip

le-e

quat

ion

solv

er.)

N

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

NDIST

49

* =

func

tion

MIN

RR

etur

ns th

e sy

mbo

lic c

onst

ant M

INR

or

its n

umer

ical

re

pres

enta

tion,

1.0

0000

0000

00E

–499

.*<

P

CO

NS

TA

NT

S→

‘MIN

R’

MIN

ΣF

inds

the

min

imum

coo

rdin

ate

valu

e in

eac

h of

the

m

colu

mns

of t

he c

urre

nt s

tatis

tics

mat

rix.

N→

x min

MIT

MC

hang

es m

ultip

le e

quat

ion

men

u tit

les

and

orde

r.N

"titl

e"

list

→

MO

DR

etur

ns a

rem

aind

er w

here

x m

od y

= x

– y

floo

r (x

/y).

*<

P R

EA

L x

y→

x m

od y

MO

DS

TO

Cha

nges

the

mod

ulo

setti

ng to

the

spec

ified

num

ber.

<!

MO

DU

LOz 1

→z 2

MR

OO

TU

ses

the

mul

tiple

-equ

atio

n so

lver

to s

olve

for o

ne o

r m

ore

varia

bles

usi

ng th

e eq

uatio

ns in

EQ

.N

’nam

e’→

x

MS

GB

OX

Cre

ates

a u

ser-

defin

ed m

essa

ge b

ox.

<N

OU

T“m

essa

ge”

→M

SO

LVR

Dis

play

s th

e m

ultip

le-e

quat

ion

solv

er v

aria

ble

men

u fo

r th

e se

t of e

quat

ions

sto

red

in E

Q.

N

MU

LTM

OD

Per

form

s m

odul

ar m

ultip

licat

ion

of tw

o ob

ject

s, m

odul

o th

e cu

rren

t mod

ulus

.*<

! M

OD

ULO

obj 1

obj

2→

obj 3

MU

SE

RD

esig

nate

s a

varia

ble

as u

ser-

defin

ed fo

r th

e m

ultip

le-

equa

tion

solv

er.

N‘n

ame’

→

→N

DIS

PS

ets

the

num

ber o

f lin

es o

ver

whi

ch a

n ob

ject

is d

ispl

ayed

.N

n→

ND

IST

Ret

urns

the

norm

al p

roba

bilit

y di

strib

utio

n at

x b

ased

on

the

mea

n m

and

var

ianc

e v

of th

e no

rmal

dis

trib

utio

n.<

P

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Ym

v x

→nd

ist(

m, v

, x)

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

NDUPN

50

* =

func

tion

ND

UP

ND

uplic

ates

an

obje

ct n

tim

es, a

nd r

etur

ns n

.N

obj

n→

obj …

obj

n

NE

GC

hang

es th

e si

gn o

r ne

gate

s an

obj

ect.*

> ó

z→

–z

NE

WO

BC

reat

es a

new

cop

y of

the

spec

ified

obj

ect.

<N

ME

MO

RY

obj 1

→ob

j 1N

EX

TE

nds

defin

ite lo

op s

truc

ture

s.<

N B

RA

NC

H

NE

XT

PR

IME

Ret

urns

the

next

prim

e nu

mbe

r gr

eate

r th

an a

spe

cifie

d in

tege

r.*<

! IN

TE

GE

Rn 1

→n 2

NIP

Dro

ps th

e ite

m o

n le

vel 2

of t

he s

tack

.<

N S

TA

CK

obj 1

obj

2→

obj 2

NO

TR

etur

ns th

e on

e’s

com

plem

ent o

r lo

gica

l inv

erse

of t

he

argu

men

t.*<

N T

ES

T#n

1→

#n2

NO

VA

LP

lace

hol

der

for

rese

t and

initi

al v

alue

s in

use

r-de

fined

di

alog

box

es. N

OV

AL

is r

etur

ned

whe

n a

field

is e

mpt

y.<

N IN

→N

OV

AL

NΣ

Ret

urns

the

num

ber

of r

ows

in th

e cu

rren

t sta

tistic

al

mat

rix.

N→

nro

ws

NS

UB

Pro

vide

s ac

cess

to th

e cu

rren

t sub

-list

pos

ition

dur

ing

an

itera

tion

of a

pro

gram

or

com

man

d ap

plie

d us

ing

DO

SU

BS

.

<N

LIS

T

PR

OC

ED

UR

ES

→n

posi

tion

NU

MR

etur

ns th

e co

de o

f the

firs

t cha

ract

er in

a s

trin

g.<

N T

YP

E“s

trin

g”→

n

→N

UM

Con

vert

s an

exa

ct v

alue

to it

s ap

prox

imat

e eq

uiva

lent

.>

n

1→

n2

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

PARSURFACE

51

* =

func

tion

NU

MX

Set

s th

e nu

mbe

r of

x-s

teps

for

each

y-s

tep

in 3

D

pers

pect

ive

plot

s.N

nx

→

NU

MY

Set

s th

e nu

mbe

r of

y-s

teps

acr

oss

the

view

vol

ume

in 3

D

pers

pect

ive

plot

s.N

ny

→

OB

J→S

epar

ates

an

obje

ct in

to it

s co

mpo

nent

s.<

N T

YP

E(x

, y)

→x

y

OC

TS

elec

ts o

ctal

bas

e fo

r bi

nary

inte

ger

oper

atio

ns.

N

OF

FTu

rns

off t

he c

alcu

lato

r.>

OP

EN

IOO

pens

a s

eria

l por

t usi

ng th

e I/O

par

amet

ers

in th

e re

serv

ed v

aria

ble

IOPA

R.

N

OR

Ret

urns

the

logi

cal O

R o

f tw

o ar

gum

ents

.*>

ì B

AS

E

LOG

IC#n

1 #

n2

→#n

3

OR

DE

RR

eord

ers

the

varia

bles

in th

e cu

rren

t dire

ctor

y (s

how

n in

th

e V

AR

men

u) to

the

orde

r sp

ecifi

ed.

<N

ME

MO

RY

DIR

EC

TO

RY

gl

obal

1 ...

glo

bal n

→

OV

ER

Ret

urns

a c

opy

to le

vel 1

of t

he o

bjec

t on

leve

l 2.

<N

ST

AC

K

obj 1

obj

2→

obj 1

obj

2 o

bj1

PA

2B2

Take

s a

prim

e nu

mbe

r an

d re

turn

s a

Gau

ssia

n in

tege

r.<

! IN

TE

GE

Rz 1

→z 2

PA

RA

ME

TR

ICS

ets

the

plot

type

to P

AR

AM

ET

RIC

.N

PA

RIT

YS

ets

the

parit

y va

lue

in th

e re

serv

ed v

aria

ble

IOP

AR

.N

n par

ity→

PA

RS

UR

FAC

ES

ets

plot

type

to P

AR

SU

RFA

CE

.N

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

PARTFRAC

52

* =

func

tion

PA

RT

FR

AC

Per

form

s pa

rtia

l fra

ctio

n de

com

posi

tion

on a

par

tial

frac

tion.

<!

PO

LYN

OM

IAL

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

PA

TH

Ret

urns

a li

st s

peci

fyin

g th

e pa

th to

the

curr

ent d

irect

ory.

<N

ME

MO

RY

DIR

EC

TO

RY

→

HO

ME

dire

ctor

y-na

me n

…

dire

ctor

y-na

me n

PC

AR

Ret

urns

the

char

acte

ristic

pol

ynom

ial o

f an

n ×

n m

atrix

.<

%

EIG

EN

VE

CT

OR

S[[

mat

rix1

]]→

‘sym

b 1’

PC

OE

FR

etur

ns th

e co

effic

ient

s of

a m

onic

pol

ynom

ial h

avin

g sp

ecifi

c ro

ots.

< !

P

OLY

NO

MIA

L [ a

rray

]ro

ots

→[ a

rray

]co

effic

ient

s

PC

ON

TO

UR

Set

s th

e pl

ot ty

pe to

PC

ON

TO

UR

.N

PC

OV

Ret

urns

the

popu

latio

n co

varia

nce

of th

e in

depe

nden

t an

d de

pend

ent d

ata

colu

mns

in th

e cu

rren

t sta

tistic

s m

atrix

.

N

→x p

cova

rianc

e

PD

IMR

epla

ces

PIC

T w

ith a

bla

nk P

ICT

of t

he s

peci

fied

dim

ensi

ons.

<N

PIC

T

( xm

in, y

min)

(x

max

, y m

ax)

→

PE

RM

Ret

urns

the

num

ber

of p

ossi

ble

perm

utat

ions

of n

item

s ta

ken

m a

t a ti

me.

*<

P

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y

n m

→P

n,m

PE

VA

LE

valu

ates

an

n-de

gree

pol

ynom

ial a

t x.

N[ a

rray

]co

effic

ient

s x

→p(

x)

PG

DIR

Pur

ges

the

nam

ed d

irect

ory.

<N

ME

MO

RY

DIR

EC

TO

RY

‘glo

bal’

→

PIC

KC

opie

s th

e co

nten

ts o

f a s

peci

fied

leve

l to

leve

l 1.

<N

ST

AC

K

obj n

... o

bj1

n→

obj n

… o

bj1

obj

n

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

POS

53

* =

func

tion

PIC

K3

Dup

licat

es th

e ob

ject

on

leve

l 3 o

f the

sta

ck.

Nob

j 1 o

bj2

obj

3→

obj 1

obj

2 o

bj3

obj

1

PIC

TP

uts

the

nam

e P

ICT

on

the

stac

k.<

N P

ICT

→P

ICT

PIC

TU

RE

Sel

ects

the

Pic

ture

env

ironm

ent.

N

PIN

ITIn

itial

izes

all

curr

ently

act

ive

port

s.N

PIX

OF

FTu

rns

off t

he p

ixel

at t

he s

peci

fied

coor

dina

te in

PIC

T.<

N P

ICT

(x,y

)→

PIX

ON

Turn

s on

the

pixe

l at t

he s

peci

fied

coor

dina

te in

PIC

T.<

N P

ICT

(x,y

)→

PIX

?Te

sts

whe

ther

the

spec

ified

pix

el in

PIC

T is

on.

<N

PIC

T(x

,y)

→0/

1

PK

TU

sed

to s

end

com

man

d “p

acke

ts”

(and

rec

eive

req

uest

ed

data

) to

a K

erm

it se

rver

.N

“dat

a” “

type

”→

“res

pons

e”

PLO

TAD

DA

dds

a fu

nctio

n to

the

plot

func

tion

list.

N‘s

ymb 1

’→

PM

AX

Spe

cifie

s (x

, y)

as th

e co

ordi

nate

s of

the

uppe

r rig

ht

corn

er o

f the

dis

play

.N

(x,y

)→

PM

INS

peci

fies

(x, y

) as

the

coor

dina

tes

of th

e lo

wer

left

corn

er

of th

e di

spla

y.N

(x,y

)→

PO

LAR

Set

s th

e pl

ot ty

pe to

PO

LAR

.N

PO

SR

etur

ns th

e po

sitio

n of

a s

ubst

ring

with

in a

str

ing

or th

e po

sitio

n of

an

obje

ct w

ithin

a li

st.

<N

CH

AR

S

“str

ing”

“su

bstr

ing”

→n

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

POWMOD

54

* =

func

tion

PO

WM

OD

Rai

ses

an o

bjec

t (nu

mbe

r or

exp

ress

ion)

to th

e sp

ecifi

ed

pow

er, a

nd e

xpre

sses

the

resu

lt m

odul

o th

e cu

rren

t m

odul

us.*

<!

MO

DU

LOob

j 1 z

1→

obj 2

PR

1P

rints

an

obje

ct in

mul

tilin

e pr

inte

r fo

rmat

.N

PR

ED

VR

etur

ns th

e pr

edic

ted

depe

nden

t-va

riabl

e va

lue

y dep

ende

nt, b

ased

on

x ind

epen

dent

, the

sel

ecte

d st

atis

tical

m

odel

, and

the

curr

ent r

egre

ssio

n co

effic

ient

s in

ΣP

AR

.

Nx

inde

pend

ent

→y d

epen

dent

PR

ED

XR

etur

ns th

e pr

edic

ted

inde

pend

ent-

varia

ble

valu

e x i

ndep

ende

nt b

ased

on:

yde

pend

ent,

the

sele

cted

sta

tistic

al

mod

el, a

nd th

e cu

rren

t reg

ress

ion

coef

ficie

nts

in Σ

PA

R.

Ny d

epen

dent

→x i

ndep

ende

nt

PR

ED

YR

etur

ns th

e pr

edic

ted

depe

nden

t-va

riabl

e va

lue

base

d on

x i

ndep

ende

nt, t

he s

elec

ted

stat

istic

al m

odel

, and

the

curr

ent

regr

essi

on c

oeffi

cien

ts in

ΣPA

R. S

ame

as P

RE

DV

.

Nx

inde

pend

ent

→y d

epen

dent

PR

EV

AL

Rel

ativ

e to

the

curr

ent d

efau

lt va

riabl

e, r

etur

ns th

e di

ffere

nce

betw

een

the

valu

es o

f a fu

nctio

n at

two

spec

ified

val

ues.

*

<$

DE

RIV

. &

INT

EG

‘sym

b 1’

z 1 z

2→

‘sym

b 2’

PR

EV

PR

IME

Giv

en a

n in

tege

r, fin

ds th

e cl

oses

t prim

e nu

mbe

r les

s th

an

the

inte

ger.*

<!

INT

EG

ER

n 1→

n 2

PR

LCD

Prin

ts a

pix

el-b

y-pi

xel i

mag

e of

the

curr

ent d

ispl

ay

(exc

ludi

ng th

e an

nunc

iato

rs).

N

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

PTAYL

55

* =

func

tion

PR

OM

PT

Dis

play

s th

e co

nten

ts o

f “pr

ompt

” in

the

stat

us a

rea,

and

ha

lts p

rogr

am e

xecu

tion.

<N

IN“p

rom

pt”

→

PR

OM

PT

ST

OC

reat

es a

var

iabl

e w

ith th

e sp

ecifi

ed n

ame,

pro

mpt

s fo

r a

valu

e, a

nd s

tore

s th

e va

lue

you

ente

r in

the

varia

ble.

N“g

loba

l”→

PR

OO

TR

etur

ns a

ll ro

ots

of a

n n-

degr

ee p

olyn

omia

l hav

ing

real

or

com

plex

coe

ffici

ents

.<

!

PO

LYN

OM

IAL

[ arr

ay ]

coef

ficie

nts

→[ a

rray

]ro

ots

PR

OP

FR

AC

Spl

its a

n im

prop

er fr

actio

n in

to a

n in

tege

r an

d a

frac

tion.

<!

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

PR

ST

Prin

ts a

ll ob

ject

s on

the

stac

k, s

tart

ing

with

the

obje

ct o

n th

e hi

ghes

t lev

el.

N

PR

ST

CP

rints

in c

ompa

ct fo

rm a

ll ob

ject

s on

the

stac

k, s

tart

ing

with

the

obje

ct o

n th

e hi

ghes

t lev

el.

N

PR

VA

RS

earc

hes

the

curr

ent d

irect

ory

path

or

port

for

the

spec

ified

var

iabl

es a

nd p

rints

the

nam

e an

d co

nten

ts o

f ea

ch v

aria

ble.

N‘n

ame’

→

PS

DE

VC

alcu

late

s th

e po

pula

tion

stan

dard

dev

iatio

n of

eac

h of

th

e m

col

umns

of c

oord

inat

e va

lues

in Σ

DA

T.N

→x p

sdev

Psi

Cal

cula

tes

the

diga

mm

a fu

nctio

n in

one

poi

nt.*

N‘s

ymb 1

’ n

→‘s

ymb 2

’

PS

IC

alcu

late

s th

e po

lyga

mm

a fu

nctio

n in

one

poi

nt.*

N‘s

ymb 1

’→

‘sym

b 2’

PTA

YL

Ret

urns

the

Tayl

or p

olyn

omia

l for

a s

peci

fied

poly

nom

ial.*

<!

PO

LYN

OM

IAL

‘sym

b 1’

z 1→

‘sym

b 2’

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

PURGE

56

* =

func

tion

PU

RG

EP

urge

s th

e na

med

var

iabl

es o

r em

pty

subd

irect

orie

s fr

om

the

curr

ent d

irect

ory.

<N

ME

MO

RY

‘glo

bal’

→

PU

TR

epla

ces

the

obje

ct a

t a s

peci

fied

posi

tion

in a

n ar

ray.

<N

LIS

T

ELE

ME

NT

S[[

mat

rix ]]

1 n

posi

tion

zpu

t→

[[ m

atrix

]]2

PU

TI

As

for

PU

T (

see

abov

e) b

ut a

lso

incr

emen

ts th

e po

sitio

n.<

N L

IST

ELE

ME

NT

S[[

mat

rix ]]

1 n

posi

tion1

zpu

t→

[[ m

atrix

]]2

npo

sitio

n2

PV

AR

Cal

cula

tes

the

popu

latio

n va

rianc

e of

the

coor

dina

te

valu

es in

eac

h of

the

m c

olum

ns in

ΣD

AT.

N→

x pva

rianc

e

PV

AR

SR

etur

ns a

list

of t

he b

acku

p ob

ject

s an

d lib

rary

obj

ects

in a

sp

ecifi

ed p

ort,

and

the

avai

labl

e m

emor

y.N

n por

t→

:n

port: n

ame

back

up …

m

emor

y

PV

IEW

Dis

play

s P

ICT

with

the

spec

ified

coo

rdin

ates

at t

he u

pper

le

ft co

rner

of t

he g

raph

ics

disp

lay.

<N

PIC

T(x

,y)

→

PW

RF

ITS

tore

s P

WR

FIT

in Σ

PA

R, s

o th

at s

ubse

quen

t exe

cutio

ns

of L

R u

se th

e po

wer

cur

ve fi

tting

mod

el.

N

PX

→C

Con

vert

s th

e sp

ecifi

ed p

ixel

coo

rdin

ates

to u

ser-

unit

coor

dina

tes.

<N

PIC

T

# n, #

s

→(x

,y)

→Q

Ret

urns

a r

atio

nal f

orm

of t

he a

rgum

ent.

Nx

→‘a

/b’

QR

Ret

urns

the

QR

fact

oriz

atio

n of

an

m ×

n m

atrix

.<

%

FA

CT

OR

IZA

TIO

N

[[ m

atrix

]]A

→[[

mat

rix ]]

Q [

[ mat

rix ]]

R [

[ mat

rix ]]

P

QU

AD

Fin

ds z

eros

of a

n ex

pres

sion

equ

ated

to 0

, or

solv

es a

n eq

uatio

n. S

ame

as S

OLV

E.

N

‘sym

b 1’

‘glo

bal’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

RCI

57

* =

func

tion

QU

OT

Ret

urns

the

quot

ient

par

t of t

he E

uclid

ean

divi

sion

of t

wo

poly

nom

ials

.<

!P

OLY

NO

MIA

L‘s

ymb 1

’ ‘s

ymb 2

’→

‘sym

b 3’

QU

OT

ER

etur

ns u

neva

luat

ed a

rgum

ents

.*N

obj 1

→ob

j 2Q

XA

Exp

ress

es a

qua

drat

ic fo

rm in

mat

rix fo

rm.

N‘s

ymb 1

’ [ v

ecto

r 1 ]

→‘ s

ymb 2

’ [ v

ecto

r 2 ]

→Q

πR

etur

ns a

rat

iona

l for

m o

f the

arg

umen

t, or

a r

atio

nal f

orm

of

the

argu

men

t with

π fa

ctor

ed o

ut.

N

x→

‘a/b

*π’

RA

DS

ets

Rad

ians

ang

le m

ode.

N

RA

ND

Ret

urns

a p

seud

o-ra

ndom

num

ber

gene

rate

d us

ing

a se

ed v

alue

, and

upd

ates

the

seed

val

ue.

< P

P

RO

BA

BIL

ITY

→x r

ando

m

RA

NK

Ret

urns

the

rank

of a

rec

tang

ular

mat

rix.

< %

O

PE

RA

TIO

NS

[[ m

atrix

]]→

nra

nk

RA

NM

Ret

urns

a m

atrix

of s

peci

fied

dim

ensi

ons

that

con

tain

s ra

ndom

inte

gers

in th

e ra

nge

–9 to

9.

< %

C

RE

AT

E m

, n

→[[

rand

om m

atrix

]]m

×n

RA

TIO

Pre

fix fo

rm o

f / (

divi

de).

*N

z 1

z2

→z 1

/z2

RC

EQ

Ret

urns

the

unev

alua

ted

cont

ents

of t

he r

eser

ved

varia

ble

EQ

from

the

curr

ent d

irect

ory.

N→

obj E

Q

RC

IM

ultip

lies

row

n o

f a m

atrix

(or

ele

men

t n

of a

vec

tor)

by

a co

nsta

nt x

fact

or, a

nd r

etur

ns th

e m

odifi

ed m

atrix

.<

%

CR

EA

TE R

OW

[[ m

atrix

]]1

xfa

ctor

nv r

ow n

umbe

r→

[[ m

atrix

]]3

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

RCIJ

58

* =

func

tion

RC

IJM

ultip

lies

row

i of

a m

atrix

by

a co

nsta

nt x

fact

or, a

dds

this

pr

oduc

t to

row

j of

the

mat

rix, a

nd r

etur

ns th

e m

odifi

ed

mat

rix.*

< %

C

RE

AT

E R

OW

[[ m

atrix

]]1

xfa

ctor

nro

w i

nro

w j

→[[

mat

rix ]]

2

RC

LR

etur

ns th

e un

eval

uate

d co

nten

ts o

f a s

peci

fied

varia

ble.

<K

‘nam

e’→

obj

RC

LALA

RM

Rec

alls

a s

peci

fied

alar

m.

>ç

TO

OLS

A

LRM

n ind

ex→

da

te ti

me

obj a

ctio

n x r

epea

t

RC

LFR

etur

ns a

list

of i

nteg

ers

repr

esen

ting

the

stat

es o

f the

sy

stem

and

use

r fla

gs r

espe

ctiv

ely.

N→

#n

syst

em #

nus

er #

nsy

stem

2 #n

user

2

RC

LKE

YS

Ret

urns

the

curr

ent u

ser

key

assi

gnm

ents

.N

→

obj 1,

xke

y1, …

ob

j n, x

keyn

RC

LME

NU

Ret

urns

the

num

ber

of th

e cu

rren

tly d

ispl

ayed

men

u.N

→x m

enu

RC

LΣR

etur

ns th

e st

atis

tical

mat

rix fr

om th

e cu

rren

t dire

ctor

y.N

→[[

mat

rix ]]

RC

WS

Ret

urns

the

curr

ent w

ords

ize

in b

its (

1 th

roug

h 64

).>

ì→

n

RD

MR

earr

ange

s th

e el

emen

ts o

f the

arg

umen

t acc

ordi

ng to

sp

ecifi

ed d

imen

sion

s.<

%

CR

EA

TE

[ vec

tor

] 1

nel

emen

ts

→[ v

ecto

r ] 2

RD

ZS

peci

fies

the

seed

for

the

RA

ND

com

man

d. ó

(x, y

)→

x

RE

CN

Pre

pare

s th

e H

P 4

9 to

rec

eive

a fi

le fr

om a

noth

er K

erm

it se

rver

dev

ice,

and

to s

tore

the

file

in a

spe

cifie

d va

riabl

e.N

‘ nam

e’→

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

RESULTANT

59

* =

func

tion

RE

CT

Set

s th

e co

ordi

nate

mod

e to

rec

tang

ular

.N

RE

CV

Inst

ruct

s th

e H

P 4

9 to

look

for

a na

med

file

on

anot

her

Ker

mit

serv

er d

evic

e.N

RE

FR

educ

es a

mat

rix to

ech

elon

form

.<

% L

INE

AR

S

YS

TE

MS

[[ m

atrix

1 ]]

→[[

mat

rix2

]]

RE

MA

IND

ER

Ret

urns

the

rem

aind

er o

f the

Euc

lidea

n di

visi

on o

f tw

o po

lyno

mia

ls.*

<!

PO

LYN

OM

IAL

‘sym

b 1’

‘sym

b 2’

→‘s

ymb 3

’

RE

NA

ME

Ren

ames

a v

aria

ble

as s

peci

fied.

N‘n

ame

new‘

‘nam

eol

d‘→

RE

OR

DE

RG

iven

a p

olyn

omia

l and

var

iabl

e, r

eord

ers

the

varia

bles

in

the

orde

r of

pow

ers

set i

n th

e C

AS

mod

es.*

N‘ s

ymb 1

’ z

1→

‘sym

b 2’

RE

PE

AT

Sta

rts

a lo

op c

laus

e in

aW

HIL

E …

RE

PE

AT

… E

ND

in

defin

ite lo

op s

truc

ture

.<

N B

RA

NC

H

RE

PL

Rep

lace

s a

port

ion

of th

e ta

rget

obj

ect w

ith a

spe

cifie

d ob

ject

, beg

inni

ng a

t a s

peci

fied

posi

tion.

<N

LIS

T[[

mat

rix ]]

1 n

posi

tion

[[ m

atrix

]]2

→[[

mat

rix ]]

3

RE

SS

peci

fies

the

reso

lutio

n of

mat

hem

atic

al a

nd s

tatis

tical

pl

ots.

Nn

inte

rval

→

RE

ST

OR

ER

epla

ces

the

curr

ent H

OM

E d

irect

ory

with

the

spec

ified

ba

ckup

cop

y pr

evio

usly

cre

ated

by

AR

CH

IVE

.N

:npo

rt: n

ame

back

up→

RE

SU

LTA

NT

Ret

urns

res

ulta

nt o

f tw

o po

lyno

mia

ls o

f the

cur

rent

va

riabl

e.*

N‘s

ymb 1

’ ‘s

ymb 2

’→

z 1

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

REVLIST

60

* =

func

tion

RE

VLI

ST

Rev

erse

s th

e or

der

of th

e el

emen

ts in

a li

st.

<N

LIS

T

PR

OC

ED

UR

ES

ob

j n, ..

. obj

1

→

obj1, …

obj

n

RIS

CH

Per

form

s sy

mbo

lic in

tegr

atio

n on

a fu

nctio

n us

ing

the

Ris

ch a

lgor

ithm

.*<

$ D

ER

IV. &

IN

TE

G‘s

ymb 1

’ z

1→

‘sym

b 2’

RK

FC

ompu

tes

solu

tion

to a

n in

itial

val

ue p

robl

em fo

r a

diffe

rent

ial e

quat

ion

usin

g th

e R

unge

–Kut

ta–F

ehlb

erg

(4,5

) m

etho

d.

N

list

xto

l x T

fina

l→

lis

t x

tol

RK

FE

RR

Ret

urns

the

abso

lute

err

or e

stim

ate

for

a gi

ven

step

h

whe

n so

lvin

g an

initi

al v

alue

pro

blem

for

a di

ffere

ntia

l eq

uatio

n.

N

list

h→

lis

t h

y d

elta

err

or

RK

FS

TE

PC

ompu

tes

the

next

sol

utio

n st

ep (

h nex

t) to

an

initi

al v

alue

pr

oble

m fo

r a

diffe

rent

ial e

quat

ion.

N

list

xto

l h

→

list

xto

l h

next

RL

Rot

ates

a b

inar

y in

tege

r on

e bi

t to

the

left.

< P

BA

SE B

IT#n

1→

#n2

RLB

Rot

ates

a b

inar

y in

tege

r on

e by

te to

the

left.

< P

BA

SE

BY

TE

#n1

→#n

2

RN

DR

ound

s an

obj

ect t

o a

spec

ified

num

ber

of d

ecim

al p

lace

s or

sig

nific

ant d

igits

, or

to fi

t the

cur

rent

dis

play

form

at.*

< P

RE

AL

z 1 n

roun

d→

z 2

RN

RM

Ret

urns

the

row

nor

m (

infin

ity n

orm

) of

an

arra

y.<

%

OP

ER

AT

ION

S

[ arr

ay ]

→x r

ow n

orm

RO

LLM

oves

the

cont

ents

of a

spe

cifie

d le

vel t

o le

vel 1

, and

rolls

up

the

port

ion

of th

e st

ack

bene

ath

the

spec

ified

leve

l.<

N S

TA

CK

obj n

... o

bj1

n→

obj n

–1 …

obj

1 o

bjn

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

RRB

61

* =

func

tion

RO

LLD

Mov

es th

e co

nten

ts o

f lev

el 2

to a

spe

cifie

d le

vel,

n, a

nd

rolls

dow

nwar

d th

e po

rtio

n of

the

stac

k be

neat

h th

e sp

ecifi

ed le

vel.

<N

ST

AC

Kob

j n ...

obj

1 n

→ob

j 1 o

bjn

… o

bj2

RO

MU

PLO

AD

Tran

sfer

s th

e op

erat

ing

syst

em to

ano

ther

cal

cula

tor.

N

RO

OT

Ret

urns

the

valu

e of

the

spec

ified

var

iabl

e gl

obal

for w

hich

th

e sp

ecifi

ed p

rogr

am o

r al

gebr

aic

obje

ct m

ost n

early

ev

alua

tes

to z

ero

or a

loca

l ext

rem

um.

N«p

rogr

am»

‘glo

bal’

gue

ss→

x roo

t

RO

TR

otat

es th

e fir

st th

ree

obje

cts

on th

e st

ack,

mov

ing

the

obje

ct o

n le

vel 3

to le

vel 1

.<

N S

TA

CK

obj 3

obj

2 o

bj1

→ob

j 2 o

bj1

obj

3

→R

OW

Tra

nsfo

rms

a m

atrix

into

a s

erie

s of

row

vec

tors

and

re

turn

s th

e ve

ctor

s an

d a

row

cou

nt.

< %

C

RE

AT

E R

OW

[[ m

atrix

]]→

[ vec

tor

] row

1 …

[ ve

ctor

] row

n n

RO

W–

Del

etes

row

n o

f a m

atrix

(or

ele

men

t n o

f a v

ecto

r), a

nd

retu

rns

the

mod

ified

mat

rix (o

r vec

tor)

and

the

dele

ted

row

(o

r el

emen

t).

< %

C

RE

AT

E R

OW

[[ m

atrix

]]1

nro

w→

[[ m

atrix

]]2

[ ve

ctor

] row

RO

W+

Inse

rts

an a

rray

into

a m

atrix

at t

he p

ositi

on in

dica

ted

by

n ind

ex, a

nd r

etur

ns th

e m

odifi

ed m

atrix

.<

%

CR

EA

TE R

OW

[[ m

atrix

]]1

[[ m

atrix

]]2

nin

dex

→[[

mat

rix ]]

3

RO

W→

Tran

sfor

ms

a se

ries

of r

ow v

ecto

rs a

nd a

row

cou

nt in

to a

m

atrix

con

tain

ing

thos

e ro

ws.

< %

RO

W

[ vec

tor

] row

1…[ v

ecto

r ] ro

wn

n→

[[ m

atrix

]]

RR

Rot

ates

a b

inar

y in

tege

r on

e bi

t to

the

right

.>

ì B

IT#n

1→

#n2

RR

BR

otat

es a

bin

ary

inte

ger

one

byte

to th

e rig

ht.

> ì

BY

TE

#n1

→#n

2

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

rref

62

* =

func

tion

rref

Red

uces

a m

atrix

to r

ow-r

educ

ed e

chel

on fo

rm a

nd

retu

rns

pivo

t poi

nts.

*N

[[ m

atrix

1 ]]

→

list

[[ m

atrix

2 ]]

RR

EF

Red

uces

a m

atrix

to r

ow-r

educ

ed e

chel

on fo

rm.*

<%

LIN

EA

R

SY

ST

EM

S[[

mat

rix1

]]→

[[ m

atrix

2 ]]

RR

EF

MO

DP

erfo

rms

mod

ular

row

-red

uctio

n to

ech

elon

form

on

a m

atrix

, mod

ulo

the

curr

ent m

odul

us.

N[[

mat

rix1

]]→

[[ m

atrix

2 ]]

RR

KC

ompu

tes

the

solu

tion

to a

n in

itial

val

ue p

robl

em fo

r a

diffe

rent

ial e

quat

ion

with

kno

wn

part

ial d

eriv

ativ

es.

N l

ist

xto

l x T

fina

l→

lis

t x

tol

RR

KS

TE

PC

ompu

tes

the

next

sol

utio

n st

ep to

an

initi

al v

alue

pro

blem

fo

r a

diffe

rent

ial e

quat

ion,

and

dis

play

s m

etho

d us

ed.

N

list

xto

l h

last

→

list

xto

l h

next

cur

rent

RS

BE

RR

Ret

urns

an

erro

r es

timat

e fo

r a

give

n st

ep h

whe

n so

lvin

g an

initi

al v

alue

s pr

oble

m fo

r a

diffe

rent

ial e

quat

ion.

N

list

h→

lis

t h

yde

lta e

rror

RS

DC

ompu

tes

the

resi

dual

B –

AZ

of t

he a

rray

s B

, A, a

nd Z

.<

%

OP

ER

AT

ION

S[[

mat

rix ]]

B [

[ mat

rix ]]

A [

[ mat

rix ]]

Z→

[[ m

atrix

]]B

–AZ

RS

WP

Sw

aps

row

s i a

nd j

of a

mat

rix a

nd r

etur

ns th

e m

odifi

ed

mat

rix.

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OW

[[ m

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nro

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nro

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mat

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2

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mpl

ex n

umbe

r or

com

plex

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ay.

<N

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x y

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R→

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.*<

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* =

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tion

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ger.*

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SA

ME

Com

pare

s tw

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nd r

etur

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entic

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obj 1

obj

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RK

Inte

rrup

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he c

urre

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rix.

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RS

ets

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plot

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TT

ER

.N

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HU

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etur

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e S

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sitio

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e m

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.<

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FA

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T

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left

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ht.

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in)

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s th

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repe

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‘

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RV

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Sta

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LE

valu

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ES

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, whi

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alcu

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ess

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SIG

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etur

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Ret

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etric

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iabl

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vers

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AR

ITH

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‘nam

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etur

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ele

men

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Shi

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Rep

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Ret

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rder

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lis

t 1

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2

SP

HE

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al.

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bin

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Ret

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STOKEYS

67

* =

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e by

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.<

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TE

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e se

rial i

nput

buf

fer,

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igit

if an

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ccur

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→‘s

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/1

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STA

RT

Beg

ins

STA

RT

… N

EX

T a

nd S

TAR

T …

ST

EP

def

inite

lo

op s

truc

ture

s.<

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NC

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star

t x f

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disp

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ndar

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ode.

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Def

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stru

ctur

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H

ST

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Sto

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in th

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ctor

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obj

→

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Spe

cifie

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riod

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EC

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seria

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nd

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IT (

seria

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wai

t bef

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t.*N

x sec

onds

→

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OS

tore

s an

obj

ect i

nto

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ecifi

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t.k

obj

‘nam

e’→

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OA

LAR

MS

tore

s an

ala

rm in

the

syst

em a

larm

list

and

ret

urns

its

alar

m in

dex

num

ber.

>ç

TO

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A

LRM

x tim

e→

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dex

ST

OF

Set

s th

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ates

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ob

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. obj

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Acc

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ct in

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varia

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obj

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Mul

tiplie

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ts o

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peci

fied

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num

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ther

obj

ect.

<N

ME

MO

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ITH

ME

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obj

‘nam

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Cal

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the

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num

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the

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the

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ob

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the

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69

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ulus

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! M

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obj 1

obj

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e si

ngul

ar v

alue

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sitio

n of

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rix.

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F

AC

TO

RIZ

AT

ION

[[ m

atrix

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mat

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[ mat

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vec

tor

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SV

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etur

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ngul

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s of

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atrix

.<

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FA

CT

OR

IZA

TIO

N[[

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SW

AP

Sw

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the

posi

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o ob

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TA

CK

obj 1

obj

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obj

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SY

LVE

ST

ER

For

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rix A

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P

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LE

valu

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obj

ects

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ory

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esse

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Ret

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EA

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ble

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.

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ymb 1

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list 1

→

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lis

t 2

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RF

or a

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tes

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nes

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cts

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TAIL

Ret

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rst e

lem

ent o

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st o

r st

ring.

<N

CH

AR

S

obj 1

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obj

n

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eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

TAN

70

* =

func

tion

TAN

Ret

urns

the

tang

ent o

f the

arg

umen

t.*u

z→

tan

z

TAN

2SC

Rep

lace

s ta

n(x)

term

s w

ith s

in(x

) an

d co

s(x)

term

s.>

û‘s

ymb 1

’→

‘sym

b 2’

TAN

2SC

2R

epla

ces

tan(

x) te

rms

with

sin

(x)

and

cos(

x) te

rms.

>û

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

TAN

HR

etur

ns th

e hy

perb

olic

tang

ent o

f the

arg

umen

t.*>

û

HY

PE

RB

OLI

Cz

→ta

nh z

TAY

LOR

0P

erfo

rms

a fo

urth

-ord

er T

aylo

r exp

ansi

on o

f an

expr

essi

on

at x

= 0

.*<

$ L

IMIT

S &

S

ER

IES

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

TAY

LRC

alcu

late

s th

e nt

h or

der

Tayl

or p

olyn

omia

l of s

ymb

in th

e va

riabl

e gl

obal

.<

$ L

IMIT

S &

S

ER

IES

‘sym

b’ ‘

glob

al’

nor

der

→‘s

ymb T

aylo

r’

TC

HE

BY

CH

EF

FR

etur

ns th

e nt

h Tc

heby

chef

f pol

ynom

ial.*

Nn 1

→‘s

ymb 1

’

TC

OLL

EC

TLi

near

izes

pro

duct

s in

a tr

igon

omet

ric e

xpre

ssio

n by

co

llect

ing

and

com

bini

ng s

ine

and

cosi

ne te

rms.

>û

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

TD

ELT

AC

alcu

late

s a

tem

pera

ture

cha

nge.

*N

x y

→x d

elta

TE

VA

LF

or th

e sp

ecifi

ed o

pera

tion,

per

form

s th

e sa

me

func

tion

as

EV

AL,

and

ret

urns

the

time

take

n to

per

form

the

eval

uatio

n.

Nob

j 1→

obj 2

hm

s

TE

XP

AN

DE

xpan

ds tr

ansc

ende

ntal

func

tions

.<

û‘s

ymb 1

’→

‘sym

b 2’

TE

XT

Dis

play

s th

e st

ack.

<N

OU

T

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

TRANSIO

71

* =

func

tion

TH

EN

Sta

rts

the

true

-cla

use

in a

con

ditio

nal o

r er

ror-

trap

ping

st

ruct

ure.

<N

BR

AN

CH

TIC

KS

Ret

urns

the

syst

em ti

me

as a

bin

ary

inte

ger.

>ç

TO

OLS

T

ICK

S→

#ntim

e

TIM

ER

etur

ns th

e sy

stem

tim

e in

HH

.MM

SS

s fo

rmat

.>

ç T

OO

LS→

time

→T

IME

Set

s th

e sy

stem

tim

e.>

ç T

OO

LStim

e→

TIN

CC

alcu

late

s a

tem

pera

ture

incr

emen

t.*N

x ini

tial y d

elta

→x f

inal

TLI

NLi

near

izes

and

sim

plifi

es a

trig

onom

etric

exp

ress

ion.

>

û‘s

ymb 1

’→

‘sym

b 2’

TLI

NE

For

eac

h pi

xel a

long

the

line

in P

ICT

def

ined

by

the

spec

ified

coo

rdin

ates

, TLI

NE

turn

s of

f/on

ever

y pi

xel t

hat

is o

n/of

f.

<N

PIC

T(x

1,y 1

) (

x 2,y

2)→

TM

EN

UD

ispl

ays

a bu

ilt-in

men

u, li

brar

y m

enu,

or

user

-def

ined

m

enu.

Nx m

enu

→

TO

TC

ompu

tes

the

sum

of e

ach

of th

e m

col

umns

of c

oord

inat

e va

lues

in Σ

DA

T.N

→x s

um

TR

AC

ER

etur

ns th

e tr

ace

of a

squ

are

mat

rix.

< %

O

PE

RA

TIO

NS

[[ m

atrix

]]n×

n→

x tra

ce

TR

AN

Ret

urns

the

tran

spos

e of

a m

atrix

.<

%

OP

ER

AT

ION

S[[

mat

rix ]]

→[[

mat

rix ]]

tran

spos

e

TR

AN

SIO

Spe

cifie

s a

char

acte

r tr

ansl

atio

n op

tion

in d

ata

tran

sfer

.N

nop

tion

→

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

TRIG

72

* =

func

tion

TR

IGC

onve

rts

com

plex

loga

rithm

ic a

nd e

xpon

entia

l ter

ms

into

th

eir

equi

vale

nt tr

igon

omet

ric te

rms.

>û

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

TR

IGC

OS

Sim

plifi

es a

trig

onom

etric

exp

ress

ion

into

cos

ine

term

s.>

û‘s

ymb 1

’→

‘sym

b 2’

TR

IGO

Dis

play

s a

men

u of

trig

onom

etry

com

man

ds.

N

TR

IGS

INS

impl

ifies

a tr

igon

omet

ric e

xpre

ssio

n in

to s

ine

term

s.>

û‘s

ymb 1

’→

‘sym

b 2’

TR

IGTA

NR

epla

ces

sin(

) an

d co

s()

term

s w

ith ta

n()

term

s.>

û‘s

ymb 1

’→

‘sym

b 2’

TR

NR

etur

ns th

e co

njug

ate

tran

spos

e of

a m

atrix

.<

P M

AT

RIX

M

AK

E[[

mat

rix ]]

→[[

mat

rix ]]

tran

spos

e

TR

NC

Trun

cate

s an

obj

ect t

o a

set n

umbe

r of

dec

imal

pla

ces

or

sign

ifica

nt d

igits

, or

to fi

t the

cur

rent

dis

play

form

at.*

< P

RE

AL

z 1 n

trun

cate

→z 2

TR

UN

CTr

unca

tes

a se

ries

expa

nsio

n.N

‘sym

b 1’

‘sym

b 2’

→‘s

ymb 3

’

TR

UT

H S

ets

the

plot

type

to T

RU

TH

.N

TS

IMP

Sim

plifi

es e

xpon

entia

l and

loga

rithm

ic e

xpre

ssio

ns.

<*

‘sym

b 1’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

TS

TR

Ret

urns

a s

trin

g de

rived

from

the

date

and

tim

e.>

ç T

OO

LSda

te t

ime

→“D

OW

DA

TE

TIM

E“

TV

AR

SLi

sts

all g

loba

l var

iabl

es in

the

curr

ent d

irect

ory

that

co

ntai

n ob

ject

s of

a s

peci

fied

type

.<

N M

EM

OR

Y

DIR

EC

TO

RY

n typ

e→

gl

obal

…

TV

MD

ispl

ays

the

TV

M S

olve

r m

enu.

N

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

UN

RO

T

* = function

as being iods.

N

as being N

lues from N ‘TVM variable’ → xTVM variable

<N TESTobj → ntype

< ^ UNITS TOOLS

x_unit → y_base-units

n of the < ^ UNITS TOOLS

x1_unit1 x2_unit2 → x3_unit2*unit3

t to a HP N obj fontset nID →

unit N x y_unit → x_unit

t at level 2 <N STACK objn+2 … obj4 obj3 obj2 n → obj2 … obj4 obj3

the stack.* <N STACK obj3 obj2 obj1 → obj1 obj3 obj2


73

TVMBEG Specifies that TVM calculations treat paymentsmade at the beginning of the compounding per

TVMEND Specifies that TVM calculations treat paymentsmade at the end of the compounding periods.

TVMROOT Solves for the specified TVM variable using vathe remaining TVM variables.

TYPE Returns the type number of an object.

UBASE Converts a unit object to SI base units.*

UFACT Factors the level 1 unit from the unit expressiolevel 2 unit object.

UFL1→MINIF Converts a UFL1 (universal font library) fontse49G minifont.

→UNIT Creates a unit object from a real number and aexpression.

UNPICK Replaces the object at level n+2 with the objecand deletes the objects at levels 1 and 2.*

UNROT Changes the order of the first three objects on

UNTIL

74

* =

func

tion

UN

TIL

Sta

rts

the

test

cla

use

in a

DO

… U

NT

IL …

EN

D in

defin

ite

loop

str

uctu

re.

<N

BR

AN

CH

UP

DIR

Mak

es th

e pa

rent

of t

he c

urre

nt d

irect

ory

the

new

cur

rent

di

rect

ory.

<J

UT

PC

Ret

urns

the

prob

abili

ty th

at a

chi

-squ

are

rand

om v

aria

ble

is g

reat

er th

an x

giv

en n

deg

rees

of f

reed

om.

< P

P

RO

BA

BIL

ITY

n x

→ut

pc(n

,x)

UT

PF

Ret

urns

the

prob

abili

ty th

at a

Sne

deco

r’s

F r

ando

m

varia

ble

is g

reat

er th

an x

. n1

and

n 2 a

re th

e nu

mer

ator

and

de

nom

inat

or d

egre

es o

f fre

edom

of t

he F

dis

trib

utio

n.

< P

P

RO

BA

BIL

ITY

n 1 n

2 x

→ut

pf(n

1,n 2

,x)

UT

PN

Ret

urns

the

prob

abili

ty th

at a

nor

mal

ran

dom

var

iabl

e is

gr

eate

r th

an x

, whe

re m

and

v a

re th

e m

ean

and

varia

nce

of th

e no

rmal

dis

trib

utio

n.

< P

P

RO

BA

BIL

ITY

m v

x→

utpn

(m,v

,x)

UT

PT

Ret

urns

the

prob

abili

ty th

at a

Stu

dent

’s t

rand

om v

aria

ble

is g

reat

er th

an x

, whe

re n

is th

e de

gree

s of

free

dom

.

ø T

OO

LS

x_un

it→

x

→V

2C

onve

rts

two

num

bers

into

a v

ecto

r or

com

plex

num

ber.

< P

VE

CT

OR

x

y→

[ x y

]

→V

3C

onve

rts

thre

e nu

mbe

rs in

to a

vec

tor.

< P

VE

CT

OR

x 1

x 2

x 3→

[ x1

x2

x3

]

VA

ND

ER

MO

ND

EB

uild

s a

Van

derm

onde

mat

rix fr

om a

list

of o

bjec

ts.

<%

C

RE

AT

E

list

→[[

mat

rix ]]

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

WIREFRAME

75

* =

func

tion

VA

RC

alcu

late

s th

e sa

mpl

e va

rianc

e of

the

coor

dina

te v

alue

s in

ea

ch o

f the

m c

olum

ns in

ΣD

AT.

N→

x var

ianc

e

VA

RS

Ret

urns

a li

st o

f the

nam

es o

f all

varia

bles

in th

e V

AR

m

enu

for

the

curr

ent d

irect

ory.

<N

ME

MO

RY

DIR

EC

TO

RY

→

glob

al1

… g

loba

l n

VE

RR

etur

ns th

e C

ompu

ter

Alg

ebra

Sys

tem

ver

sion

num

ber,

and

date

of r

elea

se.

N→

“str

ing 1

”

VE

RS

ION

Dis

play

s th

e so

ftwar

e ve

rsio

n an

d co

pyrig

ht m

essa

ge.N

→“v

ersi

on n

umbe

r”

“co

pyrig

ht m

essa

ge”

VIS

ITP

lace

s th

e co

nten

ts o

f a v

aria

ble

on th

e co

mm

and

line.N

‘nam

e’→

VIS

ITB

Ope

ns th

e co

nten

ts o

f a v

aria

ble

in th

e m

ost s

uita

ble

editi

ng e

nviro

nmen

t for

the

part

icul

ar ty

pe o

f obj

ect.

N‘n

ame’

→

VT

YP

ER

etur

ns th

e ty

pe n

umbe

r of

the

obje

ct in

the

varia

ble.

<N

TY

PE

‘nam

e’→

nty

pe

V→

Sep

arat

es a

vec

tor

or c

ompl

ex n

umbe

r in

to it

s co

mpo

nent

el

emen

ts.

< P

VE

CT

OR

[ x

y ]

→x

y

WA

ITS

uspe

nds

prog

ram

exe

cutio

n fo

r a

spec

ified

tim

e, o

r un

til

a ke

y is

pre

ssed

.<

N IN

x

→

WH

ILE

Sta

rts

a W

HIL

E …

RE

PE

AT

… E

ND

inde

finite

loop

st

ruct

ure.

<N

BR

AN

CH

WIR

EF

RA

ME

Set

s th

e pl

ot ty

pe to

WIR

EF

RA

ME

.N

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

WSLOG

76

* =

func

tion

WS

LOG

Ret

urns

four

str

ings

reco

rdin

g th

e da

te, t

ime,

and

cau

se o

f th

e fo

ur m

ost r

ecen

t war

mst

art e

vent

s.N

→

“log 4

” …

“lo

g 1”

ΣXS

ums

the

valu

es in

the

inde

pend

ent-

varia

ble

colu

mn

of

the

curr

ent s

tatis

tical

mat

rix (

rese

rved

var

iabl

e ΣD

AT).

N→

x sum

ΣX2

Sum

s th

e sq

uare

s of

the

valu

es in

the

inde

pend

ent-

varia

ble

colu

mn

of th

e cu

rren

t sta

tistic

al m

atrix

.N

→x s

um

XC

OL

Spe

cifie

s th

e in

depe

nden

t-va

riabl

e co

lum

n of

the

curr

ent

stat

istic

s m

atrix

(re

serv

ed v

aria

ble

ΣDA

T).

Nn

col

→

XG

ET

Ret

rieve

s a

file

by X

MO

DE

M fr

om a

noth

er c

alcu

lato

r.N

‘nam

e’→

XM

ITS

ends

a s

trin

g se

rially

with

out u

sing

Ker

mit

and

then

in

dica

tes

whe

ther

the

tran

smis

sion

was

suc

cess

ful.

N“s

trin

g”→

1

XN

UM

Con

vert

s an

obj

ect o

r a

list o

f obj

ects

to a

ppro

xim

ate

num

eric

form

at.

Nob

j 1→

obj 2

XO

RR

etur

ns th

e lo

gica

l exc

lusi

ve O

R o

f tw

o ar

gum

ents

.*>

ì L

OG

IC#n

1 #

n2

→#n

3

XP

ON

Ret

urns

the

expo

nent

of t

he a

rgum

ent.*

< P

RE

AL

x→

n exp

on

XP

UT

Sen

ds a

file

by

XM

OD

EM

to a

noth

er c

alcu

lato

r.N

‘nam

e’→

XQ

Con

vert

s a

num

ber,

or a

list

of n

umbe

rs in

dec

imal

form

at,

to r

atio

nal f

orm

at.

Nz 1

→z 2

XR

EC

VP

repa

res

the

HP

49

to r

ecei

ve a

n ob

ject

via

XM

odem

.*‘n

ame’

→

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

YSLICE

77

* =

func

tion

XR

NG

Spe

cifie

s th

e x-

axis

dis

play

ran

ge.

Nx m

in x

max

→X

RO

OT

Com

pute

s th

e xt

h ro

ot o

f a r

eal n

umbe

r.*>

ðy

x→

XS

EN

DS

ends

a c

opy

of th

e na

med

obj

ect v

ia X

Mod

em.

N‘n

ame’

→X

SE

RV

EP

uts

the

calc

ulat

or in

XM

OD

EM

ser

ver

mod

e.N

XV

OL

Set

s th

e w

idth

of t

he v

iew

vol

ume

in V

PA

R (

for

3-D

pl

ottin

g).

Nx l

eft

x rig

ht→

XX

RN

GS

peci

fies

the

x ra

nge

of a

n in

put p

lane

(do

mai

n) fo

r G

RID

MA

P a

nd P

AR

SU

RFA

CE

plo

ts.

Nx m

in x

max

→

ΣXY

Sum

s th

e pr

oduc

ts o

f eac

h of

the

corr

espo

ndin

g va

lues

inth

e in

depe

nden

t- a

nd d

epen

dent

-var

iabl

e co

lum

ns o

f the

cu

rren

t sta

tistic

al m

atrix

.

>÷

SU

MM

AR

Y

ST

ATS

→x s

um

ΣYS

ums

the

valu

es in

the

depe

nden

t var

iabl

e co

lum

n of

the

curr

ent s

tatis

tical

mat

rix (

rese

rved

var

iabl

e ΣD

AT

).>

÷S

UM

MA

RY

ST

ATS

→x s

um

ΣY2

Sum

s th

e sq

uare

s of

the

valu

es in

the

depe

nden

t-va

riabl

eco

lum

ns o

f the

cur

rent

sta

tistic

al m

atrix

.>

÷S

UM

MA

RY

ST

ATS

→x s

um

YC

OL

Spe

cifie

s th

e de

pend

ent v

aria

ble

colu

mn

of th

e cu

rren

t st

atis

tics

mat

rix (

rese

rved

var

iabl

e ΣD

AT

).N

nco

l→

YR

NG

Spe

cifie

s th

e y-

axis

dis

play

ran

ge.

Ny m

in y

max

→Y

SLI

CE

Set

s th

e pl

ot ty

pe to

YS

LIC

E.

N

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

yx

YVOL

78

* =

func

tion

YV

OL

Set

s th

e de

pth

of th

e vi

ew v

olum

e in

VP

AR

.N

y nea

r y f

ar→

YY

RN

GS

peci

fies

the

y ra

nge

of a

n in

put p

lane

(do

mai

n) fo

r G

RID

MA

P a

nd P

AR

SU

RFA

CE

plo

ts.

yne

ar y

far

→

ZE

RO

SR

etur

ns th

e ze

ros

of a

func

tion

of o

ne v

aria

ble,

with

out

mul

tiplic

ity.

<&

‘ sym

b 1’

z 1→

z 2

ZFA

CT

OR

Cal

cula

tes

the

gas

com

pres

sibi

lity

corr

ectio

n fa

ctor

for

non-

idea

l beh

avio

r of

a h

ydro

carb

on g

as.*

Nx T

r y

Pr

→x Z

fact

or

ZV

OL

Set

s th

e he

ight

of t

he v

iew

vol

ume

in V

PA

R.

Nx l

ow x

high

%R

etur

ns x

per

cent

of y

.*<

P R

EA

Lx

y→

xy/1

00

+R

etur

ns th

e su

m o

f the

arg

umen

ts.*

=z 1

z2

→z 1

+ z

2

–R

etur

ns th

e di

ffere

nce

of th

e ar

gum

ents

.*

z 1 z

2→

z 1 –

z2

!R

etur

ns th

e fa

ctor

ial n

! of a

pos

itive

inte

ger a

rgum

ent n

, or

the

gam

ma

func

tion

Γ(x+

1) o

f a n

on-in

tege

r ar

gum

ent x

.*<

P

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y

n→

n!

*R

etur

ns th

e pr

oduc

t of t

he a

rgum

ents

.*

z 1 z

2→

z 1 z

2

/R

etur

ns th

e qu

otie

nt o

f the

arg

umen

ts: t

he fi

rst a

rgum

ent

is d

ivid

ed b

y th

e se

cond

arg

umen

t.*z

z 1 z

2→

z 1 /

z 2

^R

etur

ns th

e va

lue

of th

e le

vel 2

obj

ect r

aise

d to

the

pow

er

of th

e le

vel 1

obj

ect.*

qw

z→

wz

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

Σ

79

* =

func

tion

| W

here

com

man

d: s

ubst

itute

s va

lues

for

nam

es in

an

expr

essi

on.*

ê‘s

ymb o

ld’

na

me 1

, ‘sy

mb 1

’, na

me2

,‘s

ymb 2

’ …

→‘s

ymb

new’

<Te

sts

whe

ther

one

obj

ect i

s le

ss th

an a

noth

er o

bjec

t.*>

x

y→

0/1

>Te

sts

whe

ther

one

obj

ect i

s gr

eate

r th

an a

noth

er o

bjec

t.*>

ëx

y→

0/1

≥Te

sts

whe

ther

one

obj

ect i

s gr

eate

r th

an o

r eq

ual t

o an

othe

r ob

ject

.*<

Yx

y→

0/1

≤Te

sts

whe

ther

one

obj

ect i

s le

ss th

an o

r eq

ual t

o an

othe

r ob

ject

.*<

Xx

y→

0/1

=R

etur

ns a

n eq

uatio

n fo

rmed

from

the

two

argu

men

ts.*

>æ

z 1 z

2→

z 1 =

z2

==

Test

s if

two

obje

cts

are

equa

l.*N

obj 1

obj

2→

0/1

≠Te

sts

if tw

o ob

ject

s ar

e no

t equ

al.*

<W

obj 1

obj

2→

0/1

√R

etur

ns th

e (p

ositi

ve)

squa

re r

oot o

f the

arg

umen

t.*r

z→

∂G

ives

the

deriv

ativ

e of

an

expr

essi

on, n

umbe

r, or

uni

t ob

ject

with

res

pect

to a

spe

cifie

d va

riabl

e of

di

ffere

ntia

tion.

*

>‘s

ymb 1

’ ‘n

ame’

→‘s

ymb 2

’

→C

reat

es lo

cal v

aria

bles

in a

pro

gram

.>L

obj 1

… o

bjn

→π

Ret

urns

the

sym

bolic

con

stan

t ‘π

’ or

its n

umer

ical

re

pres

enta

tion,

3.1

4159

2653

59.*

<

→‘π

’

ΣC

alcu

late

s th

e va

lue

of a

fini

te s

erie

s.*

>î

‘ indx

’ x i

nit

x fin

al s

mnd

→x s

um

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

z

Σ–

80

* =

func

tion

Σ–R

etur

ns a

vec

tor

of m

rea

l num

bers

(or

one

num

ber

x if

m=

1) c

orre

spon

ding

to th

e co

ordi

nate

val

ues

of th

e la

st

data

poi

nt e

nter

ed b

y Σ+

into

the

curr

ent s

tatis

tics

mat

rix.

N→

x

Σ+A

dds

one

or m

ore

data

poi

nts

to th

e cu

rren

t sta

tistic

s m

atrix

(re

serv

ed v

aria

ble

ΣDA

T).

Nx

→

∫In

tegr

ates

an

inte

gran

d fr

om lo

wer

lim

it to

upp

er li

mit

with

re

spec

t to

a sp

ecifi

ed v

aria

ble

of in

tegr

atio

n.*

>

low

er li

mit

upp

er li

mit

inte

gran

d‘n

ame’

→‘s

ymb

inte

gral’

Nam

eD

escr

ipti

on

Acc

ess

Inp

uts

Ou

tpu

ts

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