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How Vulnerable Are We to Scams? Markus Jakobsson TingFang Yen ZapFraud DataVisor

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Page 1: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

How  Vulnerable  Are    We  to  Scams?  

Markus  Jakobsson      Ting-­‐Fang  Yen            ZapFraud                          DataVisor      

Page 2: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

Breaches  +    

Hacking  

Malware  +  

Phishing  

 Scams  

 

   

Iden7ty    The;  

ATO  +  Creden7al  fraud  

Vic7m    ini7ated  payments  

PII  +    

Creden7als  

Page 3: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

Breaches  +    

Hacking  

Malware  +  

Phishing  

 Scams  

 

   

Iden7ty    The;  

ATO  +  Creden7al  fraud  

Vic7m    ini7ated  payments  

PII  +    

Creden7als  

Page 4: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

Breaches  +    

Hacking  

Malware  +  

Phishing  

 Scams  

 

   

Iden7ty    The;  

ATO  +  Creden7al  fraud  

Vic7m    ini7ated  payments  

PII  +    

Creden7als  

Page 5: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

 Scams  

 

   

Iden7ty    The;  

ATO  +  Creden7al  fraud  

Vic7m    ini7ated  payments  

$4B/year    

Es7mated  fraud  loss  in  US  

3.5%  U.S  adult  popula7on  scammed/year  Average  reported  loss  ~$2300  

Page 6: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

SPAM  

Page 7: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

SPAM  

Block  rates  

Hotmail  66%  Yahoo        70%  Gmail    10-­‐98%  

Page 8: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

SPAM  

Block  rates  

Hotmail  66%  Yahoo        70%  Gmail    10-­‐98%  

“Very  Nigerian”  94%  “Sneaky”                          37%  

Page 9: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

SPAM  

Hotmail   Yahoo   Gmail  

427  

Hotmail   Yahoo   Gmail  

Page 10: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

SPAM  

427  

Hotmail   Yahoo   Gmail   Hotmail   Yahoo   Gmail  

Page 11: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

SPAM  

427  

Yahoo   Hotmail   Yahoo   Gmail  

Thanks!  

Page 12: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

SPAM  

427  

Yahoo   Hotmail   Yahoo   Gmail  

Thanks!  

Page 13: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

SPAM   Hotmail   Yahoo   Gmail  

Block  rate:        66%                    70%  

98%  

10%  

Page 14: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

“Does  this  look  risky  to  you?”  

Page 15: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

“What  type  of  risk  is  this    primarily  associated  with?”  

Page 16: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

You  have  exceeded  your  mailbox  quota.  Your  account  will  be  blocked  8  AM  tomorrow  unless  you  request  more  space.  You  can  request  more  space  by  clicking  here.  

Page 17: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

The  recipient  may  get  a  computer  virus.  The  recipient  may  lose  his  password.  This  may  be  a  scam  aimed  at  stealing  your  money.  There  is  no  risk.  The  recipient  may  get  unwanted  adver7sements.  The  recipient’s  account  may  be  blocked  if  she              does  not  pay  aeen7on.      

Page 18: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

The  recipient  may  get  a  computer  virus.  The  recipient  may  lose  his  password.  This  may  be  a  scam  aimed  at  stealing  your  money.  There  is  no  risk.  The  recipient  may  get  unwanted  adver7sements.  The  recipient’s  account  may  be  blocked  if  she              does  not  pay  aeen7on.      

Correct  answer  

Page 19: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

The  recipient  may  get  a  computer  virus.  The  recipient  may  lose  his  password.  This  may  be  a  scam  aimed  at  stealing  your  money.  There  is  no  risk.  The  recipient  may  get  unwanted  adver7sements.  The  recipient’s  account  may  be  blocked  if  she              does  not  pay  aeen7on.      

Reasonable  answer  

Page 20: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

The  recipient  may  get  a  computer  virus.  The  recipient  may  lose  his  password.  This  may  be  a  scam  aimed  at  stealing  your  money.  There  is  no  risk.  The  recipient  may  get  unwanted  adver7sements.  The  recipient’s  account  may  be  blocked  if  she              does  not  pay  aeen7on.      

Naive  answer  

Page 21: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

Naïve  (31%)  

Page 22: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

Naïve  (6%)  

A  “tradi7onal”  Nigerian  Scam    

Page 23: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

Naïve  (56%)  

Targeted  scam  with  complex  structure  

Page 24: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

“I  know  how  to  spot  online  scams”  

Page 25: How$Vulnerable$Are$ WetoScams?$ - Black Hat...You(have(exceeded(your(mailbox(quota.(Your(accountwill(be(blocked(8(AMtomorrow(unless(you(requestmore(space.(You(can(requestmore(space(by(clicking(here

Email  security  and  user  awareness