SAMPLE (N=11) Enrolled in the Women's Health Intervention Survey Incarcerated women 18 years and olderSexually activeRecruited from Pulaski State Prison in Pulaski, GA

DATA COLLECTION USING BASELINE SURVEYAll data were collected through face-to-face interviews All data were analyzed through SPSSPHQ-9 Vaildated instrument to asses depressive stpmtomsVariables of interest for secondary data analysis were identifiedDescriptive analysis was completed including mean and frequencies

Limitations - Small sample sixe- Self reported measures - Recall bias

Methods

Results

Conclusions

This research was supported by the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Development. Grant # 1P20MD006881 Special thanks to my mentor Dr. Holliday, the entire project staff, and the women who participated in the original study. Secondary investigation of this data was supported Howard Hughes Research Associates Program HHMI Grant # 52007559

Acknowledgements

Background

Exploratory Analysis of the Correlation between the Contraction of HIV in Incarcerated Women

Author: Kara A. Wilson Advisor: Dr. Rhonda HollidayMorehouse School of Medicine

Spelman College Howard Hughes Program RAP

Objectives of Study Describe substance use behaviors, sexual behaviors, and mental

health of incarcerated women Complete Secondary Data Analysis using SPSS

Select ReferencesRichie, Beth E. "Challenges incarcerated women face as they return to their communities: Findings from life history interviews." Crime & Delinquency 47.3 (2001): 368-389.

Tuyp, Benjamin J. "The Adverse Health Effects Of Persistent Cannabis Use: Review & Recommendations For Change." UBC Medical Journal 5.1 (2013): 24-29. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 June 2014.Newcomb, Michael E., et al. "Sexual Orientation, Gender, And Racial

Mimiaga, Matthew J., et al. "Substance Use Among HIV-Infected Patients Engaged In Primary Care In The United States: Findings From The Centers For AIDS Research Network Of Integrated Clinical Systems Cohort." American Journal Of Public Health 103.8 (2013): 1457-1467. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 June 2014.

Lewis, Catherine F. "Post-traumatic stress disorder in HIV-positive incarcerated women." Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online 33.4 (2005): 455-464.

Rich, Josiah D., et al. "Prevalence and incidence of HIV among incarcerated and reincarcerated women in Rhode Island." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 22.2 (1999): 161-166.

STD History Demographics Abuse History

Relationship History Sexual history/drug use

There are approximately 1.1 million people living with HIV in the U.S. An estimated 50,000 new HIV infections occur in the U.S. each year. Women account for one in four people living with HIV in the United States. African American women and Latinas are disproportionately affected at all stages of HIV infection. The vast majority of newly diagnosed HIV-positive women contracted the virus through heterosexual sex. According to the CDC, inmates in jails and prisons across the United States (US) are disproportionately affected by multiple health problems, including HIV, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), tuberculosis (TB), and viral hepatitis. Each year, an estimated 1 in 7 persons living with HIV passes through a correctional facility. Incarcerated women are at increased risk for contracting HIV. Multiple studies suggest an association between incarcerated women and the contraction of HIV. The combination of gender inequality, stigma and discrimination increases imprisoned women’s vulnerability to HIV infection. A number of studies have found an association between elevated sexual risk behavior and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptomatology. A lack of socioeconomic resources, for example low education level is linked to the practice of riskier health behaviors, which can lead to the contraction of HIV and other STDs. These behaviors include earlier initiation of sexual activity and less frequent use of condoms. Education is one of our key defenses against the spread and impact of AIDS. People with higher levels of education are more likely to use condoms and less likely to engage in casual sex than their peers with less education.

Demographics

Variables Participants

Education 45.5% low education level

Marital Status 72.8% not married

Income 45.5% under $10,000/yr

Sexual Behavior

Variables Participants

Sexual Preference 63.6% heterosexual

# of people had sex with 45.5% 2-3 people

# of condom usage 9.1% none

# of times talk about sex with partner

36.4% 2-5 times

# of people comfortable to talk about sex with

9.1 % 2-5 people

Ever attended a class about HIV/AIDS

54.5% yes

Substance Use

Variables Participants

Ever used alcohol 90.9% yes

Age at 1st alcohol use Mean: 13 years of age

Ever used marijuana 54.5% yes

Age at 1st marijuana use Mean 18 years of age

Felt guilty about drinking 45.5% no

Injected drugs without prescription

27.3% yes

Past 3 months, had sex for dugs

27.3% yes

Substance Use 3 Months before Prison

In conclusion most participants engaged in substance usage at a young age. More than 50% of the participants used marijuana and over 75% of participants used alcohol. In addition participants are affected by low socioeconomic status. Almost half of participants have a low education level and earn an annual income under $10,000. Sexual risky behavior has also been associated with the participants. Less than half of the participants have ever used a condom or even attended and HIV/AIDs informational class. There will be an ongoing study with a total of 200 participants.