how to write (and publish) a literature review

14
Surviving the PhD 2014 Edi4on: How to Write a Literature Review Marcel Bogers marcelbogers.com @bogers November 3, 2014 Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy

Upload: marcel-bogers

Post on 08-Jul-2015

1.036 views

Category:

Science


5 download

DESCRIPTION

How to write (and publish) your literature review? This presentations distinguishes between three types and purposes of "review": (1) a literature review, as part of an empirical study; (2) a stand-alone review article; and (3) a conceptual or theoretical (non-empirical) article. For each of theses types, it gives an overview of considerations for getting done and published (or rejected).

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: How to write (and publish) a literature review

Surviving  the  PhD  2014  Edi4on:    

How  to  Write  a  Literature  Review    

Marcel  Bogers  marcelbogers.com  

     @bogers    

November  3,  2014  Scuola  Superiore  Sant'Anna,  Pisa,  Italy  

Page 2: How to write (and publish) a literature review

www.phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comicid=715  

Page 3: How to write (and publish) a literature review

Three  types  of  “review”  

•  A  literature  review  – Part  of  an  empirical  study  

•  A  review  ar4cle  – Stand-­‐alone  review  paper  

•  A  conceptual/theore4cal  ar4cle  – Non-­‐empirical  theory  paper  

Page 4: How to write (and publish) a literature review

A  Literature  Review  

Page 5: How to write (and publish) a literature review

What  is  a  literature  review?  

•  Is  it  an  end  or  a  means?  •  Framework  for  empirical  study  – Hypotheses  –  (Implicit)  model  – How  to  do  it?  

•  Analysis  &  results  – Relate  results  back  to  (original)  literature  – Extend  review  to  discover  other  relevant  areas  

•  Contribu4on  to  theory  

Page 6: How to write (and publish) a literature review

The  t-­‐word!  

•  Concepts  &  causal  mechanisms  •  What  cons4tutes  a  theore4cal  contribu4on?  –  Two  dimensions  (Corley  &  Gioia,  2011  AMR):  

•  Originality:  revelatory  vs  incremental  •  U4lity:  scien4fic  vs  prac4cal  

•  A  literature  review  offers:  –  Theore4cal  background  of  empirical  study  –  Basis  for  developing  &  explaining  theore4cal  contribu4on  

Page 7: How to write (and publish) a literature review

A  Review  Ar4cle  

Page 8: How to write (and publish) a literature review

Why  write  a  review  paper?  

•  First  step  in  research  project  (sunk  cost)  •  Brings  together  different  streams/perspec4ves    

•  Good  way  to  synthesize  and  cri4que  exis4ng  literature  (and  to  build  on  that)  – Helps  to  find  &  develop  your  contribu4on    – Adds  value  to  readership  (read:  cita4ons  J)  

•  However:  ”review”  ≠  ”review  paper”  •  Can  be  difficult  to  publish  – How  to  get  it  rejected?  

Page 9: How to write (and publish) a literature review

Weak  analysis  of  the  literature  –  too  descrip4ve  

21%  

Poor  coverage  of  the  literature  with  major  gaps  in  key  areas  

17%  

Focus  of  the  paper  unclear  

and  key  concepts  poorly  

defined  13%  

Paper  did  not  make  a  unique  contribu4on  

12%  

Paper  too  similar  to  exis4ng  literature  reviews  9%  

Topic  too  broad/narrow  and  paper  poorly  organized  

7%  

Omiled  key  journals  from  

review  5%  

Methods  poorly  explained  or  inappropriate  

5%  

Limited  research  agenda  5%  

Other  6%  

 Reasons  for  rejec8on  at  IJMR  (Jones  &  Catrell,  2014)  

Page 10: How to write (and publish) a literature review

Journal  of  Management’s  call  for  proposals  (2014  Review  Issue)  

“Submissions  will  be  evaluated  with  respect  to  the  following  criteria  …    a)  Relevance  

–  The  proposed  manuscript  should  thoroughly  review  a  significant  and  important  research  area  within  the  organiza4onal  sciences.  

b)  Viability  –  The  proposal  should  represent  an  achievable  project  within  the  4ght  

4me  constraints  required.  …  c)  Scope  of  Interest  

–  Papers  of  broad  interest  to  scholars  in  a  variety  of  specialty  areas  are  greatly  preferred.    

d)  Organiza8on  and  Coherence  –  The  proposal  should  follow  a  logical  structure,  read  clearly,  and  

thoroughly  represent  the  available  research.  e)  Insight  for  Future  Work  

–  The  proposal  should  convey  important  implica4ons  for  future  management  scholars.”  

Page 11: How to write (and publish) a literature review

Some  guidelines  •  Gives  good  overview/summary/report  of  research  field  –  State  of  the  literature(s)  –  Scope  &  depth  –  Brings  something  new  &  adds  value  

•  Different  styles  and  types  –  Systema4c/rigid  vs  qualita4ve/narra4ve-­‐style  – Different  structures  and  outcomes  (cf.  theory)  

•  Fit  with  the  journal  &  contribu4on  – Audience,  “so  what”,  &  future  research  

•  See  editorials  for  more  guidelines    

Page 12: How to write (and publish) a literature review

A  Conceptual/Theore4cal  Ar4cle  

Page 13: How to write (and publish) a literature review

Wri4ng  (publishing)  a  conceptual/theore4cal  ar4cle  

•  Develops  some  sort  of  conceptual  or  theore4cal  model  •  The  t-­‐word  

–  “Theory  is  a  statement  of  concepts  and  their  interrela4onships  that  shows  how  and/or  why  a  phenomenon  occurs”  (Corley  &  Gioia,  2011  AMR)  

–  ”Theory  is  about  the  connec4ons  among  phenomena,  a  story  about  why  acts,  events,  structure,  and  thoughts  occur.  Theory  emphasizes  the  nature  of  causal  rela4onships  …  .”  (Sulon  &  Staw,  1995  ASQ)  

•  What  does  it  mean  for  your  paper?  –  On  the  level  of  the  construct  (not  opera4onalized)  –  May  use  proposi4ons  (cf.  hypotheses)  –  Focus  on  theory  

•  Some  cri4que  &  concern  related  to  theory  –  Lille  agreement  on  what  theory  is  (Corley  &  Gioia,  2011  AMR)  –  Too  much  of  a  good  thing?  (Hambrick,  2007  AMJ)  

Page 14: How to write (and publish) a literature review

Surviving  the  PhD:          

Good  luck!  

Marcel  Bogers  marcelbogers.com  

     @bogers  www.phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comicid=715