how to use the student record folder

Copyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved

How To Use The Student Record FolderAs a pilot school certificate holder, you must maintain a current and accurate record for each student enrolled in any approved training course conducted by your school. This record folder helps you to meet the record-keeping requirements of 14 CFR (FAR) 141.101. You can continue using this folder as a student progresses through additional training; for example, after the student completes the private pilot course, you can archive those training records and replace the course content with the content of the instrument course. The following sections explain how to organize student records behind each tab (or section) in this binder, and how to use this folder to manage student records.

Student Information TabOn the front of this tab, enter general student information, plus summary information required by FAR 141.101(a)(1) and (3). Behind the Student Information tab, place copies of any required school enrollment documentation, Immigration and Naturalization Service documents, and Trans-portation Security Administration compliance documents.

Certificates and Endorsements TabUse the front of this tab as a summary and single point of information for required student signoffs related to the training syllabus within this record folder. Behind the Certificates and Endorsements tab, place copies of any required endorsements that are not included on the front of the tab, along with enrollment and graduation certificates and copies of medical and pilot certificates.

Safety Procedures TabBehind this tab, place any school safety procedures and standard operating procedures or guide-lines that students are required to follow while conducting training for a certificate or rating.

Training Course Outline TabBehind this tab, place a copy of the training course outline for the course of training in which the student is enrolled. In addition to the outline for the Jeppesen syllabus, include any activities and procedures that are unique to your school. Each course contains ground and flight lessons inter-leaved into a sequence that promotes building-block learning. If needed, you may instead choose to present the ground syllabus as a separate course.

Ground Syllabus TabThis tab contains the syllabus for the ground-training portion of the course, which is typically pre-sented online in three stages through the Jeppesen Learning Center. The pages following the tab contain outlines of the ground lessons that make up the ground training course. In some courses, similar lessons are grouped into modules.Use the table on the front of the Ground Syllabus tab to record the date of student completion and the time spent on each module or lesson. The exams are also recorded here; the instructor who administers the exam records the final grade and signs the tab in the space provided.

Flight Syllabus TabThis tab contains the syllabus for the flight training portion of the course, which is typically carried out in three stages of flight lessons with stage checks. Use the table on the front of the tab to record the date of student completion of each lesson and the total flight time for each lesson.

Note —The student might need more than one flight to complete a lesson.

Use the back of the Flight Syllabus tab to log the student’s flights chronologically. Fill in the appro-priate columns to document the student’s flight operations as required by FAR 141.101(a)(2). The pages that follow contain the flight lesson outlines. Remove each lesson outline from the binder, take it into the aircraft, and record your student’s outcome for each task completed during the lesson. At the completion of the lesson, return the lesson pages to this record folder.

Note — For help with conducting scenario-based training, locate the sample scenarios for selected courses in the Jeppesen Instructor Guides.


Repeat Lesson SheetsIf the desired outcomes in a lesson are not met, use one of the yellow Repeat Lesson sheets to document subsequent flights to complete the lesson. These sheets must be kept as part of this record folder.

For each lesson that requires additional flights, record the lesson number, the objective, and the unsatisfactory tasks that require additional practice. Fill in the desired outcome for each task, the actual outcome, and the completion standards that must be met for the lesson to be considered complete. Upon completion of a repeat flight, file the Repeat Lesson sheet behind the original flight lesson.

Course ElementsThe Jeppesen pilot course contains separate ground and flight segments. You may combine the ground and flight segments of the course or divide the course into separate components. The syl-labus and support materials act as a map that helps you guide your students through the course in a logical sequence. Refer to the Time Allocation Table behind the Training Course Outline tab to learn how the ground, flight, and other lessons are presented in a building block sequence.

Ground TrainingGround school training is an integral component of the Part 141 pilot certification course. If your school environment permits, presenting the ground and flight lessons in the sequence shown in the Time Allocation Table is the most effective method of course delivery. This sequence helps students gain pertinent academic knowledge immediately before applying it during flight training. However, the combined ground and flight training might not be practical at universities, colleges, and other pilot schools. If ground training must be conducted as a separate course, then it is best to schedule it to begin before the first flight lesson, and stay about one stage ahead of the flight training.Students typically complete the lessons in numerical order as listed in the Ground syllabus. However, to accommodate individual student needs, your chief instructor may approve changes to lessons as long as the course continuity is maintained and all objectives are covered.

Ground LessonsThe pages behind the Ground Syllabus tab contain outlines for the ground lessons in your course. Each ground lesson outline contains the following components:

Lesson Objective — A concise statement of what the student must accomplish in this lesson.Lesson References — These elements guide your students to textbook sources on which this lesson is based.Completion Standards — How you know that this lesson is complete.Content — The topics completed online in the Jeppesen Learning Center to complete this lesson.

Each ground lesson includes the content, a practice opportunity for most lesson topics, and an exam. The lessons concisely explain the core objectives in a logical building-block sequence. Students can also explore supplemental information in pop-up windows such as Discovery boxes, Human Factors Elements, More Info, and Technical Perspectives. And throughout the lesson, students can read focused explanations of FAA knowledge test questions in FAA question pop-up windows.

Most Jeppesen pilot-training courses are based on a Jeppesen textbook, a comprehensive refer-ence that your students can obtain either as an e-book or a bound textbook. Students can use the Jeppesen FAR/AIM manual or e-book as a reference for studying regulations and air traffic procedures. Refer to the Lesson References in each ground lesson outline for resources specific to the lesson.

Additional LessonsThe Jeppesen course can include additional lessons to enhance student knowledge related to gaining a skill. For example, the Private Pilot course contains online maneuvers lessons that


provide step-by-step procedural descriptions of each maneuver that students are required to per-form in the airplane. Normally, these additional lessons are not required by the basic Part 141 pilot certification course. Check the Lesson Time Allocation Table to determine whether the time for these lessons is included in the required ground-training time.

Stage ExamsThe ground training course includes an online lesson devoted to each stage exam. These exams evaluate student understanding of the knowledge areas within a stage, and they must be proctored by an instructor. Even when the student takes a stage exam online, the school must arrange to have an instructor present when the stage exam is administered. Before students can progress to the next stage, they must successfully complete each stage exam and review each incorrect response with their instructor.

End-of-Course ExamWhen all ground lessons are complete, the student then takes the End-of-Course Exam. As with the stage exams, the End-of-Course Exam must be proctored by an instructor. Following the exam, the instructor assigns each student appropriate subject areas for review. After thoroughly reviewing the exam, it is recommended that the student take the appropriate FAA airman knowledge test as soon as possible.

Scheduling FAA Knowledge TestsPart 141 schools typically have onsite testing centers that students use for taking their FAA knowl-edge tests. The onsite testing centers are normally affiliated with one of the following test providers:

Computer Assisted Testing Service (CATS) http://www.catstest.com/html/applicants/faa/ 1-800-947-4228 or (650) 259-8550 PSI/LaserGrade Computer Testing http://www.lasergrade.com/faa.shtml 1-800-211-2754 or (360) 896-9111

Students studying under Part 61 should schedule their knowledge test directly with these test providers.

Flight TrainingThe flight training syllabus is a scenario-based approach to training pilots that emphasizes the development of critical thinking and decision-making skills. A variety of techniques enable students to take a more active role during training—planning flights that incorporate scenarios, making and implementing decisions, and measuring their own performance using learner-centered grading.

You can review more information about how Jeppesen implements scenario-based training at the end of this section.

Most of the Jeppesen pilot training courses consist of three stages, each of which provides an important segment of the training. Each stage builds on previous learning; therefore, they should be completed in sequence. However, to accommodate individual student needs, your chief instructor may approve changes to lessons, as long as the course continuity is maintained and all objectives are covered. Flight LessonsTip—Remove one of the flight lessons from the binder and use it for reference as you read this sec-tion.

Flight lessons normally include the following sections and mission tables:

Objectives — These are the goals, or high-level objectives, for the lesson. Prior to the flight, the student and instructor review the objectives and the completion standards for the lesson.


Preflight Briefing — Before each flight, the student leads the preflight briefing discussion of the tasks listed in the Preflight Briefing mission table [Figure 1].

Task OutcomeIntroduce tasks q Completed

Special emphasis items q Completed

Review tasks q Completed

Figure 1. Example of a Preflight Briefing Table

An important part of a student’s ADM skills development occurs during this part of the lesson. Stu-dent ADM skill is expected to increase as the student progresses through the course.

Introduce/ Review/ Evaluate — This mission table contains the core tasks of the lesson. [Figure 2]

Task OutcomePreflight Preparation

Introduce Cross-Country Flight Planning

Navigation

Introduce Pilotage and Dead Reckoning

Introduce Navigation Systems and Radar Services

Introduce Diversion

Introduce Lost Procedures

Preflight Preparation

Review Weather Information

Review National Airspace System

Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds

Review Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb

Review Soft-Field Approach and Landing

Review Short-Field Takeoff & Maximum Performance Climb

Review Short-Field Approach and Landing

Figure 2. Example of a Introduce, Review or Evaluate Table

Each flight begins with the tasks labeled Introduce; the scenario should be based on these tasks. Tasks from previous lessons, which are labeled as Review in the table, are reviewed as needed. If the lesson is a stage check, the tasks are labeled Evaluate.

• The student and instructor evaluate student performance using the Desired Outcome Level columns of the table. The student and instructor agree on an outcome level for each task (D, E, Pr, Pe, NO)*.

• The student and instructor also evaluate the Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) skills that are associated with individual tasks. The student ADM skill should be at the Manage/ Decide level prior to completing the course.

*The meaning of the outcome levels is explained later in this section.


Completion Standards — These standards are statements of what must be accomplished for the lesson to be considered complete. Normally, the lesson is complete when the desired outcomes for every task in the lesson are met.

Postflight BriefingAfter each flight, the student leads the postflight briefing discussion of the tasks listed in the Post-flight Briefing mission table. [Figure 3]




Discuss remedial activities if minimum standards are not met q Completed

Figure 3. Example of a Postflight Briefing Table

The student and instructor evaluate student performance, discuss their respective findings, and agree on an outcome (E, P, M)*. If the student is not advancing as expected regarding ADM skills, the instructor coaches the student in areas that need improvement.

*The meaning of the outcome levels is explained later in this section.

Actual Time for this Lesson—Record the time here and on the back of the Flight Syllabus tab.

Student Total Time to Date—Record the time here and on the back of the Flight Syllabus tab.

Study Assignment—To prepare for the next flight lesson, the student must review the course materials that are listed in the study assignment. Reference materials typically include the ground lessons that are most closely associated with the tasks and maneuvers that are introduced in the flight lesson.

Flight Simulation Device or Flight Training DeviceIf your pilot school has a flight simulation device, flight training device (FTD), or aviation training device (ATD), you might be able to use it to meet some of the required hours of training. The credit varies, depending on the course that the student is enrolled in. If you plan to use a simulator, FTD, or ATD, be sure to include this information in your training course outline.

Student Stage ChecksStage checks evaluate the student’s accomplishments during each stage of training. Conducting stage checks is the responsibility of the chief instructor. However, the chief instructor may delegate authority for conducting stage and end-of-course checks to the assistant chief instructor or the designated check instructor. This procedure provides close supervision of training and can provide another perspective on a student’s progress. The stage check also enables the chief instructor to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructors.To ensure that a student has mastered the skills needed to progress to the next building block of training, the student must successfully complete the stage check before moving on to the next stage.

Pilot BriefingsThe syllabus might include pilot briefings, depending on the special needs of that course. Refer to the flight syllabus or time allocation table. Pilot briefing material is located in the instructor guide for a course. Each briefing consists of a series of questions on the subject associated with the briefing. Answers, when appropriate, are included. Students are given the questions (not the answers) before the briefing so that they can research the material and gain the most benefit from the briefing.


Instructors conduct the briefings as private tutoring sessions in a comfortable classroom or office and provide ample time to discuss every question to ensure that the student understands the key points. Ideally, instructors conduct the briefings during the preflight orientation for the associated flight.

Part 61 TrainingThe syllabus is designed to meet all the requirements of 14 CFR Part 141 for the course in which the student is enrolled. The syllabus also can be adapted to meet the aeronautical knowledge, proficiency, and aeronautical experience requirements of 14 CFR Part 61. When using the syllabus for Part 61 training, you must ensure that the total flight and ground training requirements for that certificate, as well as the aeronautical experience requirements, are met under Part 61.

Credit for Previous TrainingAccording to 14 CFR 141.77, when a student transfers from one FAA-approved school to another approved school, hours of training obtained in the previous school’s approved course may be applied to satisfy up to 50 percent of the curriculum requirements of the receiving school. The receiving school determines the amount of credit to be allowed based on a proficiency test, knowl-edge test, or both. A student who transfers from a non-Part 141 flight school may receive credit for up to 25 percent of the curriculum requirements for knowledge and experience, and must also be tested by the receiving school. In addition, the previous provider of the training must certify the amount and kind of training given, including the result of each stage check and end-of-course test, if applicable. Place copies of these records (if applicable) behind the Student Information tab.


How to Evaluate Student PerformanceUsing the Desired Outcome Levels

Tip—Remove one of the flight lessons from the binder and use it for reference as you read this section.

This pilot course incorporates the latest FAA recommendations and industry practices related to learner-centered grading and scenario-based training. (You can read more about how Jeppesen implements these concepts later in this section). Your students are graded using desired outcome levels. You use two grading scales for two types of desired outcome levels:

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) — For evaluating the student’s ability to make sensible decisions, manage risk, learn from their mistakes, and effectively self-evaluate their performance during the lesson.

Maneuvers and Procedures — For evaluating technical competency and academic knowledge of tasks.

Each flight lesson includes tables where instructors record student outcomes and compare them to desired outcomes. These tables serve as checklists to ensure that the student has met the completion standards for a lesson. The following tables explain the grading scales for the two types of desired outcome levels.

Use the ADM desired outcomes levels [Figure 4] to complete the Preflight Briefing, Introduce and Review, Aeronautical Decision Making, and Postflight Briefing tables of the flight lessons. Also, circle these grades in the ADM columns of Introduce/Review tables to indicate how well the stu-dent made effective decisions and managed risk during the performance of the task.

Figure 4. ADM desired outcome levels

Desired Outcome Levels — Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)Outcome Level Requirements and ConsiderationsExplain (E) The student correctly identifies the mission and scenario risks, but

requires instructor assistance to apply concepts for managing risk and making effective decisions.

The instructor prompts the student to identify risks and make effective decisions.

Practice (P) The student uses risk management, SRM, and the ADM process to make and implement effective decisions regarding the mission and scenario tasks with minimal instructor assistance.

The instructor provides coaching to assist the student in correcting instructor-identified errors.

Manage/Decide (M) The student uses risk management, SRM, and the ADM process to identify possible courses of action, and then make and implement effective decisions regarding the mission and scenario tasks without instructor assistance.

The instructor does not need to provide assistance to ensure safe completion of the flight.

Before conducting solo flight, the student must meet the Manage/Decide desired outcome level for the tasks to be accomplished during the solo lesson.


Use the Maneuvers and Procedures desired outcomes [Figure 5] to complete the Introduce/Review table (other than the ADM columns) in each flight lesson.

Figure 5. Maneuvers and procedures desired outcome levels

Desired Outcome Levels — Maneuvers and ProceduresOutcome Level Requirements and Considerations

Describe (D)

Comparable to the Rote level of learningThe student demonstrates understanding of the physical characteristics and cognitive elements of the mission and scenario tasks. The instructor provides significant assistance to ensure the successful completion of the task.Although it is not used as a desired outcome for the mission and scenario tasks, a column is provided in the Mission tables for recording this outcome level if the student does not achieve the Explain level.

Explain (E)

Comparable to the Understanding level of learning.The student demonstrates understanding of the underlying concepts and principles of the mission and scenario tasks and the correct methods to perform these tasks.

The instructor provides assistance to successfully complete the task.

This desired outcome is used when the task is introduced.

Practice (Pr)

Comparable to the Application level of learning.The student successfully plans and completes the mission and scenario tasks with minimal guidance from the instructor.The instructor provides coaching to assist the student in correcting instructor-identified errors. This desired outcome is used when a task is reviewed in a lesson that occurs after the task was introduced. Task standards change to meet the Practice outcome based on the completion standards for the lesson.

Perform (Pe)

Comparable to the Correlation level of learningThe student demonstrates proficiency in performing the mission and scenario tasks without instructor assistance. At no time is the successful completion of the task in doubt.The student identifies and corrects errors without instructor assistance.This desired outcome is used to signify that the student completes the mission and scenario tasks to the standards outlined in the current Private Pilot Practical Test Standards (PTS).

Not Observed (NO)

The task was not attempted or required during the lesson.


Elements of SRMThe practical test standards explicitly require students to demonstrate effective single-pilot resource management (SRM), which is an adaptation of crew resource management (CRM) principles to the single-pilot cockpit. Although the SRM skills as listed in the PTS overlap each other significantly, the concepts encompassed by SRM can generally be classified into six skills as follows:

1. Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

A. Decision making process (2 models)

(i) DECIDE model

(a) Detect the problem.

(b) Estimate the need to react.

(c) Choose a course of action.

(d) Identify solutions.

(e) Do the necessary actions.

(f) Evaluate the effect of the actions.

(ii) 3Ps

(a) Perceive

(b) Process

(c) Perform

B. Pilot-in-command responsibility

C. Hazardous attitudes

D. Stress management

2. Risk Management (RM)

Risk elements (2 classifications)

A. PAVE

(i) Pilot

(a) I’M SAFE

(b) Personal minimums

(ii) Aircraft

(iii) Environment

(iv) External pressures

B. 5Ps

(i) Plan

(ii) Plane

(iii) Pilot

(a) I’M SAFE

(b) Personal minimums

(iv) Passengers

(v) Programming


3. Task Management (TM)

A. Planning and prioritization

B. Timing of completion of tasks

C. Resource use

(i) Internal

(a) Checklists

(b) Flow patterns

(ii) External

4. Situational Awareness (SA)

A. Regular evaluation of the 5Ps.

B. Use of standard operating procedures (SOPs)

C. Workload management

(i) Managing distractions

(ii) Avoiding fixation

D. Communications

(i) Sterile cockpit

(ii) Crew coordination

(iii) Radio procedures

5. Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) Awareness

A. Flight planning using current charts

B. Analysis of terrain and obstacle hazards along intended route

C. Understanding and interpreting terrain displays

D. Planning of departures to avoid terrain

E. Adjusting route to avoid terrain

F. Consideration of terrain during diversions

G. Aircraft performance limitations and CFIT risk

6. Automation Management

A. Skillful operation of autopilot and FMS under normal conditions

B. Recognition of operating modes and mode changes

C. Anticipation of next operating mode

D. Recognition and correction of unanticipated mode changes

E. Automation Levels. Reduction of automation use, including “hand-flying.”

(i) After an unexpected mode change

(ii) After a change in flight plan or clearance

F. Maintaining “hand-flying” skills

The considerations that are listed in the SRM element of each flight lesson are normally classified into the six SRM areas according to these guidelines.


Implementing Scenario-Based TrainingFlight lessons have evolved from task-based training (which focused on separate maneuvers and procedures) to scenario-based training, which recognizes that each flight is a combination of many tasks and decisions. The scenario-based curriculum incorporates concepts such as risk manage-ment, single-pilot resource management (SRM), and the Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) process into every lesson.

Professional flight instructors skillfully incorporated scenarios into their training long before the FAA formalized the concept. However, because the FAA practical test standards now specifically evalu-ate SRM and ADM, Jeppesen pilot courses include specific guidance for teaching these mental skills.

Tasks designated for each flight lesson are scripted into scenarios that enable students to: • Relate learning individual training maneuvers to arriving at a destination safely. • Practice risk assessment, SRM, and ADM process during each flight lesson. • Understand that problems can have multiple solutions. • Make and implement decisions and observe the impact of their actions. • Consider “what if” problems that provide opportunities to make decisions in a wide variety of flight situations. • Measure success by their ability to make and implement effective decisions. • Recognize that effective decisions sometimes require them to pursue a different plan or overturn a previous decision. • Recognize and interrupt a chain of missed opportunities and increasing risk. • Understand that their options narrow as the flight progresses.

Although it is not always possible to design a scenario for every flight lesson that consists purely of skills practice, a realistic scenario should be incorporated into any flight lesson for which it makes sense. Many of the Jeppesen courses include sample scenarios in the online flight lessons, which you can use or modify to create your own scenarios.

Learner-Centered GradingLearner-centered grading and scenario-based training together are a powerful combination for developing effective decision-making skills. Learner-centered grading includes two parts—student self-assessment and a detailed debriefing by the instructor.

The purpose of the self-assessment is to stimulate growth in students’ thought processes and enhance their ability to plan and conduct tasks in the context of a scenario during flight lessons. After each flight, the student and instructor independently evaluate the tasks performed and the decisions made during the flight. Then, the instructor and student compare evaluations and, if appropriate, discuss alternate methods, solutions, and techniques that the student could have used to produce a more favorable outcome to the lesson.

Learner-centered grading provides an additional opportunity for students to practice solving prob-lems, making decisions, and evaluating the quality of those decisions.

Commercial Pilot Online Syllabus

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Published 2013


Commercial Pilot Online

Record of Major Changes Date DescriptionDecember 2011 Original

August 2013 Updated ground and flight lessons to harmo-nize with Jeppesen FliteTraining guides and to reflect changes to the Jeppesen online commercial course. Edited introductory con-tent for clarity.



PrefaceThis syllabus meets the requirements of 14 CFR Part 141, Appendix D for preparing your students for a Commercial Pilot certificate. You can also use it to prepare a commercial pilot applicant under 14 CFR Part 61, Subpart F, if you ensure that all the Part 61 minimum time requirements are met.

The syllabus is an abstract, or digest, of the course of training. Instructors must also refer to the pertinent sections of the regulations and practical test standards when conducting the course. Doing so ensures that all aeronautical knowledge areas, flight proficiency, and experience re-quirements have been included during flight training and are documented in appropriate records. The terminology for maneuvers and procedures listed in the syllabus is aligned with the tasks that are published in the FAA Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards.

The syllabus has separate ground- and flight-training courses, which should be taught concur-rently if possible. The ground training syllabus is divided into three stages and contains a total of 18 single-engine ground lessons with an option of three additional multi-engine ground lessons. The ground lessons include three stage exams and an end-of-course exam. The flight training syllabus also is divided into three stages and contains a total of 50 flight lessons for the Single-Engine course or 51 flight lessons for the Multi-Engine course. The flight lessons include three stage checks. The Stage III check also serves as the end-of-course flight check.

The course also contains eight maneuvers lessons, which account for 6.5 hours of the required ground training time. Students should complete the maneuvers lessons online in the sequence shown in the Detailed Course Time Allocation tables.

A stage check occurs at the end of each stage of flight training, and a stage exam occurs at the end of each stage of ground training. The end-of-course exam and the end-of-course flight check are completed at the end of Stage III of the ground and flight courses. The applicant must complete, or receive credit for, all of the ground and flight lessons in the Commercial Pilot Syl-labus.

________________________________________ is enrolled in the Commercial Pilot Course (Student’s name)



Table of Contents

Ground Training ............................................................................................................................. ii

Use of Aviation Training Devices ....................................................................................... ii

Flight Training ................................................................................................................................ ii

Special Emphasis Areas .................................................................................................... ii

Use of Flight Simulation Training Devices (FSTD) ............................................................iii

Part 61 Training .............................................................................................................................iii

Credit for Previous Training ...........................................................................................................iii

Curriculum Overview .................................................................................................................... iv

Training Time Allocation ............................................................................................................... iv

Single-Engine Training Time ............................................................................................. v

Multi-Engine Training Time ................................................................................................ v

Detailed Course Time Allocation Tables ........................................................................... vi

iCopyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved


Commercial Pilot Certification CourseNote—For general information about how to use the documents in this record folder, please refer to the information at the beginning of this binder.

The Commercial Pilot Certification Course contains ground and flight syllabi that can be con-ducted concurrently or as separate courses. The Time Allocation tables (Tables 6-9 later in this section) provide a logical sequence for the ground and flight lessons when the courses are presented concurrently.

Ground TrainingTip—Remove the Commercial Pilot Time Allocation tables, which begin on page vi from the binder and refer to them as you read this section.

The Commercial Pilot ground-training syllabus contains three stages. As indicated in the Time Allocation tables, the ground-training stages coincide with the flight stages.

Ground LessonsOutlines for all Commercial Pilot ground lessons are filed behind the Ground Syllabus tab. Each lesson outline contains a Lesson Objective and Completion Standards. The Lesson References portion guides students and instructors to the appropriate sections of the Jeppesen Instrument/Commercial textbook or eBook. For some lessons, the FAR/AIM manual or eBook is the lesson reference. The Content section lists the topics that students complete online when taking this lesson in the Jeppesen Learning Center.

Stage ExamsThree stage exams evaluate student understanding of the knowledge areas within a stage. The time for the stage exams is counted in the ground-training time for the Commercial Pilot Course. Even when students take these exams online, the exams need to be proctored by an instructor. Therefore, the instructor and student must make arrangements to ensure that an instructor is present when the stage exam is administered. Successful completion of each stage exam and a review of each incorrect response are required before the student can progress to the next stage.

End-of-Course ExamWhen all ground lessons are complete, the student then takes the End-of-Course Exam. As with the stage exams, the End-of-Course Exam must be proctored by an instructor. Following the exam, the instructor assigns each student appropriate subject areas for review. After a thorough review, the student should take the FAA Commercial Pilot airman knowledge test as soon as possible.

Use of Aviation Training Devices Aviation training devices (ATDs) may not be used for any of the required flight training in the Commercial Pilot course. However, an ATD is an excellent classroom training tool that can as-sist an instructor in achieving specific instructional objectives. With an ATD, you can introduce many of the procedural aspects of flight training in a ground-training phase. If it is properly inte-grated into the ground-training program, the ATD enhances navigation systems knowledge and procedural understanding by applicants before they practice procedures in the airplane.

The use of an ATD is at the discretion of the school, and should be flexible in an Commercial Pilot ground-training course. Depending on the capabilities of your school’s ATD, it might be an appropriate teaching aid for the following ground lessons: GL 3 – The Flight Environment GL 4 – Navigation

iiCopyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved


Flight TrainingThe Commercial Pilot flight-training syllabus, like the ground-training syllabus, contains three stages. Each stage builds on previous learning; therefore, the stages should be completed in sequence.

Stage I provides the flight instructor the opportunity to evaluate the commercial pilot candidate so that all the lessons can emphasize basic commercial maneuvers and cross country opera-tions in identified areas of improvement. The student will become proficient in these areas in addition to making the correlation of flying skills with the FAA Special Emphasis Areas. Stage I is complete when the student demonstrates proficiency in all lesson tasks and special emphasis areas associated with basic commercial maneuvers and cross-country operations. The student will recognize, understand and manage aircraft systems and equipment including malfunctions, demonstrate safe airport operations and exercise sound decision making skills.

Stage II introduces advanced commercial maneuvers required by the FAA practical Test Stan-dards. The student will gain proficiency in advanced commercial maneuvers as well as review instrument flying techniques and exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command. Stage II is complete when the student demonstrates the ability to precisely control the airplane to Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards, demonstrates basic instrument competency, effectively manages system and equipment failures, demonstrates safe and efficient airport operations and exercises sound decision making skills.

Stage III emphasizes solo night and extended day cross-country flight, complex airplane sys-tems, and complex commercial maneuvers. The student will become proficient in these areas in addition to correlating flying skills with the FAA Special Emphasis Areas. Stage III is complete when the student demonstrates proficiency in all lesson tasks and special emphasis areas associated with solo night and an extended cross-country flight. The student will recognize, un-derstand, and manage complex aircraft systems and perform complex commercial maneuvers while exercising sound decision-making skills. If the student is taking this course with the multi-engine option, the complex airplane operations will be performed in a multi-engine airplane, and the solo flights may be conducted with an instructor but with the student performing all the duties of pilot in command. The student will recognize, understand, and manage multi-engine aircraft systems, exercising sound decision-making skills, during both normal and emergency opera-tions.

Special Emphasis Areas The following special emphasis areas might not be specifically addressed in each lesson or task, but they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated throughout the entire course.

1. Positive aircraft control 2. Positive exchange of the flight controls procedure 3. Stall/spin awareness 4. Collision avoidance 5. Wake turbulence avoidance 6. LAHSO 7. Runway incursion avoidance 8. CFIT 9. ADM and risk management 10. Wire strike avoidance 11. Checklist usage 12. Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs) 13. Special use airspace (SUA) 14. Aviation security 15. Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)

iiiCopyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved


Use of Flight Simulation Training Devices (FSTD)Flight simulators and flight training devices (FTDs) may be used for some of the commercial flight training time that is required under 14 CFR Part 141, Appendix D. A flight simulator is distinguished from an FTD by the simulator’s motion cueing system. A simulator may be used for up to 30 percent of the required training time. An FTD may be used for up to 20 percent of the required training time. A combination of simulators and FTDs may be used; however, the total time in these devices may not exceed 30 percent of the required commercial flight training time.

Part 61 TrainingThe Commercial Syllabus is designed to meet all the requirements of 14 CFR Part 141, Appen-dix D; it can also be adapted to meet the aeronautical knowledge, proficiency, and experience (airplane, single-engine) requirements of 14 CFR Part 61. Table 1 shows minimum training times under Part 141 compared to Part 61.

Requirement 14 CFR Part 141 Appendix D

14 CFR 61 Subpart F

Ground training 35 hours Not specified

Total pilot time Not specified 250 hours

Total cross-country flight time Not specified 50 hours

Total commercial flight training (dual and solo) 120 hours Not specified

Dual flight training for Commercial certificate 55 hours 20 hours

Instrument training 10 hours 10 hours

Complex or multi-engine airplane training (dual) 10 hours 10 hours

Day cross-country (dual) 2 hours 2 hours

Night cross-country (dual) 2 hours 2 hours

Practical test preparation 3 hours 3 hours

Table 1. Part 141 and Part 61 Minimum Training Times

Adapting this syllabus to Part 61 training requires that the applicant will meet the minimum times for Part 61 after completing the course.

The ground-training requirements under Part 61 specify that an applicant for a knowledge test be required to have a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who conducted the training or reviewed the applicant’s home study course. The endorsement must indicate satisfactory completion of the ground instruction or home study course required for the certificate or rating sought. A home study course for the purposes of Part 61 is a course of study in the aeronautical knowledge areas specified in 14 CFR 61.125(b), and organized by a pilot school, publisher, flight or ground instructor, or by the student. The Jeppesen Commercial Pilot course easily satisfies this requirement. As a practical consideration, students seeking pilot certification under Part 61 should receive some formal ground training, either in the classroom or from an authorized flight or ground instructor.

Credit for Previous TrainingAccording to 14 CFR 141.77, when a student transfers from one FAA-approved school to another approved school, course credits obtained in the previous course of training may be credited for up to 50 percent of the curriculum requirements by the receiving school. However, the receiving school must determine the amount of credit to be allowed based upon a proficiency test or knowledge test, or both, conducted by the receiving school. A student who enrolls in a course of training may receive credit for 25 percent of the curriculum requirements for knowl-edge and experience gained in a non-Part 141 flight school, and the credit must be based upon a proficiency test, a knowledge test, or both, and be conducted by the receiving school. The

ivCopyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved


amount of credit for previous training allowed, whether received from an FAA-approved school or from another source, is determined by the receiving school. In addition, the previous provider of the training must certify the kind and amount of training given, and the result of each stage check and end-of-course test, if applicable.

Curriculum Overview Completion of this course is based solely upon compliance with the minimum requirements of Part 141. The accompanying tables with times shown in hours are provided mainly for guidance in achieving regulatory compliance.

Course ObjectiveThe student will acquire the knowledge, skill, and aeronautical experience necessary to meet the requirements for a commercial pilot certificate.

Graduation RequirementsThe student must meet the Commercial Pilot Certification Course requirements specified in FAR Part 141, Appendix D, to be eligible for graduation.

Course Enrollment PrerequisitesTo enroll in the flight portion of the Commercial Pilot Course, the student must be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language; hold a private pilot certificate, and hold at least a third-class medical certificate. In addition, the student must hold an instrument rating in the aircraft that is appropriate for the applicable course (single-engine or multi-engine), or be concurrently enrolled in an instrument rating course and pass the required instrument rating practical test before completing the commercial pilot certification course.

Course Completion StandardsThe student must demonstrate through knowledge tests, flight tests, and the appropriate records that he/she meets the knowledge, skill, and experience requirements necessary to obtain a commercial pilot certificate.

Training Time AllocationThe training times in this course are summarized in the following tables and shown in detail for each stage on the following pages. The course has two paths of training available; either a single-engine certification or multi-engine certification. The single-engine time guidelines are provided in Tables 2 and 3 and the multi-engine certification time guidelines are provided in Tables 4 and 5. Meeting these minimum training times ensures that the student has enough training experience to satisfy the requirements of 14 CFR Part 141, Appendix D.

The total ground training time includes lessons from the online commercial course as well as exams. Pilot briefings and exam debriefings may also be logged as ground training time. The total flight training time is based on the recommendations of each individual flight lesson within each stage. These times may vary as long as the minimum course requirements are met.

vCopyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved


Single-Engine Training TimeGround Training

Commercial Pilot Online Ground Time (Including stage and end-of-course exams)

Number of Exams

Additional Pilot Briefings and Exam

DebriefingsGround Stage I 9.0 1 As required

Ground Stage II 14.5 1 As required

Ground Stage III Single-Engine 12.0 2 As required

Totals 35.5 4 As required

Table 2. Single-Engine Ground Training Time and Exams

Commercial Flight TrainingCommercial Training Time (Including Flight Checks)

Number of Checks

Pilot Briefings and Check Debriefings

Flight Stage I 25.0 1 As required

Flight Stage II 61.0 1 As required

Flight Stage III Single-Engine 34.0 1 As required


Table 3. Single-Engine Flight Training Time

Multi-Engine Training TimeGround Training

Commercial Pilot Online Ground Time (Including stage and end-of-course exams)

Number of Exams

Additional Pilot Briefings and Exam Debriefings

Ground Stage I 9.0 1 As required

Ground Stage II 14.5 1 As required

Ground Stage III Multi-Engine 16.0 2 As required


Table 4. Multi-Engine Ground Training Time and Exams

Commercial Flight TrainingCommercial Training Time (Including Flight Checks)

Number of Checks

Pilot Briefings and Check Debriefings

Flight Stage I 25.0 1 As required

Flight Stage II 61.0 1 As required

Flight Stage III Multi-Engine 34.0 1 As required


Table 5. Multi-Engine Flight Training Time

viCopyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved


Detailed Course Time Allocation Tables

STAGE I

Dual or Solo

Dua

l FS

TD

Dua

l A/C

Solo

/ D

ual

Solo

or A

ctPI

C

Nig

ht

Inst

.

Com

plex

Cro

ss C

ount

ry

Ground

ML GL

2.0 GL 1 Advanced Human Factors

FL 1 Evaluation of Private Pilot Maneuvers 2.0

0.75 ML 1 Accelerated Stalls

FL 2 Basic Commercial Maneuvers 2.0

1.5 GL 2Commercial Pilot – Single-Pilot Resource Management

FL 3 Basic Commercial Maneuvers 2.0

FL 4 Basic Commercial Maneuvers Practice 2.0

2.0 GL 3 The Flight Environment

FL 5 Basic Commercial Maneuvers Practice 2.0

FL 6 Cross-Country Operations 2.5

1.0 GL 4 Navigation

FL 7 Cross-Country Operations 2.5

1.0 GL 5 Weather

FL 8PIC (Solo) – Basic Commercial Practice / X-C

2.0


2.0


2.0

1.0 GL 6 Stage I Exam

FL 11 Stage I - Review 2.0

FL 12 Stage I - Stage Check 2.0

0.75 8.5 Stage I Totals 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 10.0 0.0

Table 6. Commercial Pilot Time Allocation—Stage I‡The Solo/Dual column accounts for required total time that may be conducted in any of the variable options. It will be up to the instructor to define how each lesson will be conducted.

viiCopyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved


STAGE II

Dual or Solo

Dua

l FS

TD

Dua

l A/C

Solo

/ D

ual ‡

Solo

or A

ctPI

C

Nig

ht

Inst

.

Com

plex

Cro

ss C

ount

ry

Ground

ML GL

2.5 GL 7 Aerodynamic Principles

0.75 ML 2Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing

0.75 ML 3 Steep Turns

0.75 ML 4 Chandelles

0.75 ML 5 Lazy Eights

FL 13 Advanced Commercial Maneuvers 2.0

1.0 GL 8 Aerodynamic Considerations

0.75 ML 6 Steep Spirals

0.75 ML 7 Eights-on-Pylons



2.0 GL 9 Predicting Performance

0.75 ML 8 Maximum Performance Takeoffs and Landings

FL 16PIC (Solo or Dual) – Advanced Commercial Maneuvers Practice

3.0


3.0


3.0


3.0

FL 20 Dual – Advanced Commercial Maneuvers 2.0

2.0 GL 10 Weight and Balance

FL 21PIC (Solo or Dual) – Advanced Commercial Maneuvers Practice/X-C

3.0


3.0


3.0


3.0


3.0


3.0

viiiCopyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved


STAGE II CONTINUED

Dual or Solo

Dua

l FS

TD

Dua

l A/C

Solo

/ D

ual ‡

Solo

or A

ct P

IC

Nig

ht

Inst

.

Com

plex

Cro

ss C

ount

ry

Ground

ML GL


3.0


3.0


3.0

FL 30 Review of Instrument Operations – FSTD or A/C 2.0 2.0

FL 31 Review of Instrument Operations – FSTD or A/C 2.0 2.0


3.0


3.0

1.0 GL 11 Stage II Exam

FL 34 Stage II - Review 0.5 2.0

FL 35 Stage II - Stage Check 0.5 2.0

65.25 8.5 Stage II Totals 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 12.0 45.0 0.0

Table 7. Commercial Pilot Time Allocation—Stage II‡The Solo/Dual column accounts for required total time that may be conducted in any of the variable options. It will be up to the instructor to define how each lesson will be conducted.

ixCopyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved


STAGE III SINGLE-ENGINE

Dual or Solo

Dua

l FS

TD

Dua

l A/C

Solo

/ D

ual

Solo

or A

ct P

IC

Nig

ht

Inst

.

Com

plex

Cro

ss C

ount

ry

Ground

ML GL

2.0 GL 12 High Performance Powerplants

2.0 GL 13 Retractable Landing Gear

2.0 GL 14 Environmental and Ice Control Systems

FL 36 2-Hour Day Cross-Country – 100 NM 2.0 2.0

FL 37 2-Hour Night Cross-Country – 100 NM 2.0 2.0 2.0

1.0 GL 15 Commercial FARs

2.0 GL 16 Emergency Situations

FL 38 Night Solo - Takeoffs and Landings 2.5 2.5

FL 39 Night Solo - Takeoffs and Landings 2.5 2.5

FL 40 Long Cross-Country – 250 NM Leg, 3 Points * 5.0

FL 41 Instrument Training 1.8 2.0

FL 42 Instrument Training 1.8 2.0

FL 43Instrument Training and Commercial Maneuvers Review

1.4 2.0

FL 44 Complex – Introduction 2.0 2.0

FL 45 Complex and Commercial Maneuvers 2.0 2.0

FL 46 Complex and Commercial Maneuvers 2.0 2.0

FL 47Complex and Commercial Maneuvers and X-C Review

2.0 2.0

FL 48 Complex Landings and Commercial Maneuvers 2.0 2.0

1.0 GL 17 Stage III Exam

2.0 GL 18 EOC Exam

FL 49 Stage III and End of Course (EOC) Review 2.0 2.0

FL 50 Stage III and EOC Check 2.0 2.0

60.0 12.0 Stage III Totals 7.0 5.0 14.0 4.0 0.0 24.0 0.0 10.0

6.0 29.0 Totals 7.0 10.0 14.0 4.0 4.0 51.0 55.0 10.0

Collective Totals 55.0 65.0

35.0 Grand Total 120.0

Table 8. Single-Engine Commercial Pilot Time Allocation—Stage III and Course Totals‡The Solo/Dual column accounts for required total time that may be conducted in any of the variable options. It will be up to the instructor to define how each lesson will be conducted.

The individual times shown in the time allocation tables are for instructor/student guidance only; they are not mandatory for each ground lesson, flight, or stage of training. At the conclusion of this course, the student must meet the minimum requirements of FAR Part 141, Appendix D, for each category in order to graduate.

xiCopyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved


STAGE III MULTI-ENGINE

Dual or Solo

Dua

l FS

TD

Dua

l A/C

Solo

/ D

ual‡

Solo

or A

ct P

IC

Nig

ht

Inst

Com

plex

Cro

ss C

ount

ry

Ground

ML GL

FL 36 Multi-Engine Introduction 1.5 1.5

0.5 ML 9 Normal Takeoff and Climb

0.5 ML 10 Normal Approach and Landing

2.0 GL 12 High-Performance Powerplants

2.0 GL 13 Retractable Landing Gear

2.0 GL 14 Environmental and Ice Control Systems

0.5 ML 11 Short-Field Takeoff

0.5 ML 12 Short-Field Landing

FL 37 Multi-Engine Basic Maneuvers 1.5 1.5

FL 38 Multi-Engine Basic Maneuvers 1.5 1.5

1.0 GL 15 Light-Twin System Differences

2.0 GL 16 Light-Twin Aerodynamics

1.0 GL 17 Light-Twin Performance

FL 39 Multi-Engine Performance Maneuvers 1.5 1.5

FL 40 Engine-Out Operations 2.0 2.0

FL 41 2-Hour Day Cross-Country – 100 NM 2.0 2.0 2.0

FL 42 2-Hour Night Cross-Country – 100 NM 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

0.5 ML 13 Maneuvering During Slow Flight

0.5 ML 14 Power-Off Stalls

0.5 ML 15 Power-On Stalls

0.5 ML 16 Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC

0.5 ML 17 VMC Demonstration

1.0 GL 18 Commercial FARs

2.0 GL 19 Emergency Situations

FL 43 Night Solo – Takeoffs and Landings 2.5 2.5 2.5

FL 44 Night Solo – Takeoffs and Landings 2.5 2.5 2.5

FL 45 Long Cross-Country – 250 NM Leg, 3 Points * 5.0

FL 46 Instrument Training 1.8 2.0 2.0

FL 47 Instrument Training 1.8 2.0 2.0

FL 48Instrument Training and Commercial Maneuvers Review

1.4 2.0 2.0

FL 49 Multi-Engine Commercial Maneuvers Review 2.0 2.0

Table continued on next page.



STAGE III MULTI-ENGINE

CONTINUED

Dual or Solo

Dua

l FS

TD

Dua

l A/C

Solo

/ D

ual‡

Solo

or A

ct P

IC

Nig

ht

Inst

Com

plex

Cro

ss C

ount

ry

Ground

ML GL

1 GL 20 Stage III Exam

2 GL 21 EOC Exam

FL 50 Stage III and End of Course (EOC) Review 2.0 2.0

FL 51 Stage III and EOC Check 2.0 2.0

4.5 16.0 Stage III Totals 7.0 5.0 29.0 4.0 0.0 24.0 0.0 10.0

6.0 33.0 Totals 7.0 5.0 29.0 4.0 4.0 51.0 55.0 10.0

Collective Totals 55.0 65.0

36.0 Grand Total 120.0

Table 9. Multi-Engine Commercial Pilot Time Allocation—Stage III and Course Totals‡The Solo/Dual column accounts for required total time that may be conducted in any of the variable options. It will be up to the instructor to define how each lesson will be conducted.

The individual times shown in the time allocation tables are for instructor/student guidance only; they are not mandatory for each ground lesson, flight, or stage of training. At the conclusion of this course, the student must meet the minimum requirements of FAR Part 141, Appendix D, for each category in order to graduate.



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Postflight Debriefing

Preflight Briefing

Introduce/Review

Student InformationStudent Name SignatureInstructor Name SignatureDate Type A/C A/C ID

Objectives _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Completion Standards _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Repeat Lesson

FL ____

Task Outcome




Discuss remedial activities if minimum standards are not met q Completed






Actual Time this Lesson

Lesson Assignment __________________________________________________________

Notes ______________________________________________________________________

Student Total Time to Date

FL ____

Time Carried Forward Time this Lesson Total Time Target Hours

Total Instrument Instruction Cross Country Briefing

Copyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved GL-i

Stage I: Ground Lessons

Stage I ObjectivesDuring this stage, the student will review cross-country flight planning, weather analysis, and operations within the national airspace system. Stage I also emphasizes advanced human factors concepts and crew resource management techniques.

Stage I Completion StandardsStudents must pass the Stage I Exam with a minimum score of 80% and review each incorrect response with their instructor to ensure complete understanding before they begin Stage II.


Copyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights ReservedGL-1


Ground Lesson 1 — Advanced Human Factors

Lesson ObjectiveReview limitations of the human body as they relate to the physiological demands of flight and learn strategies for overcoming those limitations.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 1, Section B — Advanced Human Factors

Concepts• AC 120-103, Fatigue Risk Management Systems for Aviation Safety

Completion StandardsComplete the evaluation for this lesson with a minimum passing score of 80%.

Content• Hypoxia• Hyperventilation• Middle Ear and Sinus Problems• Spatial Disorientation• Motion Sickness• Carbon Monoxide Poisoning• Stress and Fatigue• Dehydration• Decompression Sickness• Alcohol and Medication

Copyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved GL-2


Ground Lesson 2 — Commercial Pilot – Single-Pilot Resource Management

Lesson ObjectiveUnderstand how to identify and manage flight risks.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook:

ο Chapter 1, Section B — Advanced Human Factors Concepts ο Chapter 13, Section B — Commercial Decision Making

• AC 120-51, Crew Resource Management Training• Jeppesen Flight Crew Training: Human Factors


Content• Risk Management• Aeronautical Decision Making



Ground Lesson 3 — The Flight Environment

Lesson ObjectiveReview the procedures to operate in the National airspace system in accordance with FAR Part 91 regulations.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 3 — The Flight Environment• Jeppesen Flight Crew Training: Airport Operations


Content• Airspace• Airport Diagrams• ATC Communications



Ground Lesson 4 — Navigation

Lesson ObjectiveReview the concepts of VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 2, Section C — Instrument Navigation• AC 120-76, Guidelines for the Certification, Airworthiness, and Operational Use of

Electronic Flight Bags


Content• Pilotage• Dead Reckoning• Flight Planning• FAA Flight Plan• VFR Cruising Altitude• Magnetic Compass• Diversion• Lost Procedure• VOR• GPS• Radar Service



Ground Lesson 5 — Weather

Lesson ObjectiveReview how to recognize and avoid weather hazards.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 9 — Meteorology

Section A – Weather Factors ο Section B – Weather Hazards ο Section C – Printed Reports and Forecasts ο Section D – Graphic Weather Products ο Section E – Sources of Weather Information

• Aviation Weather textbook• AviationWeather.gov


Content• Recognition of Critical Weather• Recognition and Avoidance of Wind Shear• Printed Reports and Forecasts• Graphic Weather Products



Ground Lesson 6 — Stage I Exam

Lesson ObjectiveDemonstrate comprehension of the material presented in Ground Lessons 1-5.

Lesson References• Commercial Pilot Online: Ground Lessons 1-5• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapters 1-3, 9, 13

Completion StandardsThis stage is complete when you have passed the Stage I Exam with a minimum score of 80% and reviewed each incorrect response with your instructor to ensure complete understanding before progressing to Stage II.

Content• Advanced Human Factors Concepts• Commercial Pilot – Single-Pilot Resource Management• The Flight Environment• Navigation• Weather

Copyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved GL-ii


Stage II: Ground Lessons

Stage II ObjectivesDuring this stage, the student will review aerodynamic principles and concepts, predict aircraft performance, and perform weight and balance calculations.

Stage II Completion StandardsStudents must pass the Stage II Exam with a minimum score of 80%, and review each incorrect response with their instructor to ensure complete understanding before they begin Stage III.



Ground Lesson 7 — Aerodynamic Principles

Lesson ObjectiveReview the principles that guide the physics of flight.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 12, Section A — Advanced Aerodynamics• Aerodynamics for Naval Aviators


Content• Lift• Drag• Thrust• Weight• Aircraft Stability



Ground Lesson 8 — Aerodynamic Considerations

Lesson ObjectiveReview the aerodynamic principles that affect basic flight maneuvers.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 12, Section A — Advanced Aerodynamics• Jeppesen Learning Center: Commercial Maneuvers lessons• Aerodynamics for Naval Aviators


Content• Straight-and-Level Flight• Climbs• Glides• Turns• Stalls• Spins



Ground Lesson 9 — Predicting Performance

Lesson ObjectivesReview the effects of density altitude, surface winds, and runway conditions on performance. Review the contents of the POH that affect performance calculations.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 12, Section B — Predicting Performance• Jeppesen Flight Crew Training: Performance


Content• Density Altitude• Surface Winds• Runway Conditions• Performance Charts• Takeoff• Climb• Cruise• Descent• Landing Distance• Glide Distance• Stall Speed• Performance Speeds



Ground Lesson 10 — Weight and Balance

Lesson ObjectiveReview how to calculate weight and balance.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 12, Section C — Controlling Weight and

Balance• Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook• AC 120-27, Aircraft Weight and Balance Control


Content• Required Equipment• Center of Gravity• Weight Shift Computations



Ground Lesson 11 — Stage II Exam


Lesson References• Commercial Pilot Online: Ground Lessons 7-10• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 12

Completion StandardsThis stage is complete when you have passed the Stage II Exam with a minimum score of 80% and you have reviewed each incorrect response with your instructor to ensure complete understanding before progressing to Stage III.

Content• Aerodynamic Principles• Aerodynamic Considerations• Predicting Performance• Weight and Balance

Copyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved GLS-iii


Stage III: Single-Engine Ground Lessons

Stage III ObjectivesDuring this stage, the student will learn how high performance powerplants, retractable landing gear, environmental, and ice control systems operate and how to handle in-flight emergency situations. The student will also learn the FARs that are applicable to a commercial pilot rating.

Stage III Completion StandardsThis stage is complete when the student has passed the Stage III exam with a minimum score of 80% and reviewed each incorrect response with the instructor.

Copyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights ReservedGLS-12


Ground Lesson 12 — High-Performance Powerplants

Lesson ObjectiveGain an understanding of how a high performance powerplant and its related systems function in normal operation.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 11, Section A – High Performance Powerplants• Aircraft Systems for Pilots


Content• Fuel Injection Systems• Turbocharging Systems• Constant-Speed Propellers• Engine Monitoring

Copyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved GLS-13


Ground Lesson 13 — Retractable Landing Gear

Lesson ObjectiveGain an understanding of how retractable landing gear and related systems function in normal operation and in abnormal operation.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 11, Section C — Retractable Landing Gear• Aircraft Systems for Pilots


Content• Landing Gear Lever• Hydraulic Landing Gear System• Electric Landing Gear System• Retractable Landing Gear Limits• Retractable Landing Gear Indications



Ground Lesson 14 — Environmental and Ice Control Systems

Lesson ObjectiveGain an understanding of how aircraft environmental and ice control systems function in normal operation.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 11, Section B — Environmental and Ice Control

Systems• Aircraft Systems for Pilots


Content• Oxygen Systems• Cabin Pressurization• Ice Control Systems



Ground Lesson 15 — Commercial FARs

Lesson ObjectiveGain an understanding of selected Commercial FARs and NTSB Part 830.

Lesson References• FAR/AIM Manual: FAR Part 1, Part 61, Part 91, Part 119, Part 135, and NTSB 830• FAA.gov


Content• Part 1, Definitions and Abbreviations• Part 61, Certification of Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors• Part 91, General Operating and Flight Rules• NTSB 830, Notification and Reporting of Aircraft Accidents and Incidents



Ground Lesson 16 — Emergency Situations

Lesson ObjectiveBecome familiar with handling an inflight emergency situation.

Lesson ReferencesInstrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 13, Section A — Emergency ProceduresAC 120-51, Crew Resource Management Training


Content• Handling Emergencies• Emergency Approach and Landing• Emergency Landing Gear Extension• Cabin Decompression• Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear



Ground Lesson 17 — Stage III Exam


Lesson References• Commercial Pilot Online: Ground Lessons 12-16• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 11 and 13• FAR Parts 1, 61 and 91• NTSB 830

Completion StandardsThis stage is complete when you have passed the Stage III Exam with a minimum score of 80% and you have reviewed each incorrect response with your instructor to ensure complete understanding. Your instructor must verify that you are eligible to proceed to the End-of-Course Exam.

Content• High-Performance Powerplants• Retractable Landing Gear• Environmental and Ice Control Systems• Commercial FARs• Emergency Situations



Ground Lesson 18 — Commercial Pilot End-of-Course Exam

Lesson ObjectiveDemonstrate that you are prepared to pass the FAA Commercial Pilot knowledge test by passing a test that shows comprehension of the material presented in the lesson references listed below.

Lesson ReferencesCommercial Pilot Online: Lessons 1-17

Completion StandardsThe ground school portion of the Commercial Pilot Certification Course is complete when you have passed the End-of-Course Exam with a minimum score of 80%, and you have reviewed each incorrect response with your instructor to ensure complete understanding.

Content• Advanced Human Factors Concepts• Commercial Pilot – Single-Pilot Resource Management• The Flight Environment• Navigation• Weather• Aerodynamic Principles• Aerodynamic Considerations• Predicting Performance• Weight and Balance• High-Performance Powerplants• Retractable Landing Gear• Environmental and Ice Control Systems• Commercial FARs• Emergency Situations

Copyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved GLM-iii


Stage III: Multi-Engine Ground Lessons

Stage III ObjectivesDuring this stage, the student will learn how high performance powerplants, retractable landing gear, environmental, and ice control systems operate and how to handle in-flight emergency situations. For the multi-engine add-on, the student will learn light twin system differences, aerodynamics, and performance considerations. The student will also learn the FARs that are applicable to a commercial pilot rating.

Stage III Completion StandardsThis stage is complete when the student has passed the Stage III exam with a minimum score of 80% and reviewed each incorrect response with the instructor.

Copyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights ReservedGLM-12


Ground Lesson 12 — High Performance Powerplants

Lesson ObjectiveUnderstand how a high-performance powerplant and its related systems function in normal operation.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 11, Section A – High Performance Powerplants• Aircraft Systems for Pilots


Content• Fuel Injection Systems• Turbocharging Systems• Constant-Speed Propellers• Engine Monitoring

Copyright © Jeppesen, 2013 All Rights Reserved GLM-13


Ground Lesson 13 — Retractable Landing Gear

Lesson ObjectiveUnderstand how retractable landing gear and its related systems function in normal operation and in abnormal operation.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 11, Section C — Retractable Landing Gear• Aircraft Systems for Pilots


Content• Landing Gear Lever• Hydraulic Landing Gear System• Electrical Landing Gear System• Retractable Landing Gear Limits• Retractable Landing Gear Indications



Ground Lesson 14 — Environmental and Ice Control Systems Lesson ObjectiveUnderstand of how aircraft environmental and ice control systems function in normal operation.

Lesson References• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 11, Section B — Environmental and Ice Control

Systems• Aircraft Systems for Pilots


Content• Oxygen Systems• Cabin Pressurization• Ice Control Systems



Ground Lesson 15 — Light-Twin System Differences

Lesson ObjectiveUnderstand multi-engine aircraft system differences.

Lesson References• Jeppesen Multi-Engine Textbook: Chapter 2, Section A – Examining Systems• Jeppesen Aircraft Gas Turbine Powerplants Textbook


Content• Propeller• Electrical Distribution• Fuel Distribution• Cabin Heating



Ground Lesson 16 — Light-Twin Aerodynamics

Lesson ObjectiveUnderstand new multi-engine aerodynamic definitions and the effects of engine-out operation.

Lesson ReferencesJeppesen Multi-Engine Textbook:• Chapter 3, Section A – Introducing Multi-Engine Aerodynamics• Chapter 3, Section B – Mastering Engine-Out Aerodynamics


Content• Normal Operations• Engine-Out Operations



Ground Lesson 17 — Light-Twin Performance

Lesson ObjectiveUnderstand new multi-engine performance definitions and the effects of engine-out operation.

Lesson ReferencesJeppesen Multi-Engine Textbook: Chapter 2, Section C – Determining Performance


Content• Performance Advantages• Engine-Out Performance



Ground Lesson 18 — Commercial FARs

Lesson ObjectiveUnderstand selected Commercial FARs and NTSB Part 830.

Lesson References• Private Pilot Textbook• Instrument/Commercial Textbook• FAR/AIM Manual


Content• Part 1, Definitions and Abbreviations.• Part 61, Certification of Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors.• Part 91, General Operating and Flight Rules.• NTSB 830, Notification and Reporting of Aircraft Accidents and Incidents.• You should also review the regulations that apply to all pilots, as well as the operating rules

that pertain to flight operations in general.



Ground Lesson 19 — Emergency Situations

Lesson ObjectiveBecome familiar with handling an in-flight emergency situation.

Lesson ReferencesInstrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 13, Section A — Emergency Procedures


Content• Handling Emergencies• Emergency Approach and Landing• Emergency Landing Gear Extension• Cabin Decompression• Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear



Ground Lesson 20 — Stage III Exam


Lesson References• Commercial Pilot Online: Ground Lessons 12-19• Instrument/Commercial Textbook: Chapter 11 and 13• FAR Part 1,61 and 91• NTSB 830• Multi-Engine Textbook

Completion StandardsThis stage is complete when you have passed the Stage III Exam with a minimum score of 80% and you have reviewed each incorrect response with your instructor to ensure complete understanding. Your instructor must verify that you are eligible to proceed to the End-of-Course Exam.

Content• High-Performance Powerplants• Retractable Landing Gear• Environmental and Ice Control Systems• Light-Twin System Differences• Light-Twin Aerodynamics• Light-Twin Performance• Commercial FARs• Emergency Situations



Ground Lesson 21 — Commercial Pilot End-of-Course Exam

Lesson ObjectiveDemonstrate that you are prepared to pass the FAA Commercial Pilot knowledge test by passing a test that shows comprehension of the material presented in the lesson references listed below.

Lesson ReferencesCommercial Pilot Online: Lessons 12-20

Completion StandardsThe ground school portion of the Commercial Pilot Certification Course is complete when you have passed the End-of-Course Exam with a minimum score of 80%, and you have reviewed each incorrect response with your instructor to ensure complete understanding.

Content• Advanced Human Factors Concepts• Commercial Pilot – Single-Pilot Resource Management• The Flight Environment• Navigation• Weather• Aerodynamic Principles• Aerodynamic Considerations• Predicting Performance• Weight and Balance• High-Performance Powerplants• Retractable Landing Gear• Environmental and Ice Control Systems• Light-Twin System Differences• Light-Twin Aerodynamics• Light-Twin Performance• Commercial FARs• Emergency Situations



FL-i

Stage I: Flight Lessons

ObjectivesStage I will provide the flight instructor the opportunity to evaluate the commercial pilot candidate so that all the lessons can emphasize basic commercial maneuvers and cross country operations in identified areas of improvement. The student will become proficient in these areas in addition to making the correlation of flying skills with the FAA Special Emphasis Areas.

Stage Completion StandardsStage I is complete when the student demonstrates proficiency in all lesson tasks and special emphasis areas associated with basic commercial maneuvers and cross-country operations. The student will recognize, understand and manage aircraft systems and equipment including malfunctions, demonstrate safe airport operations and exercise sound decision making skills.



FL1-1


Flight Lesson 1 — Evaluation of Private Pilot ManeuversDual—2.0 hours

ObjectiveEvaluate Private Pilot airmanship skills to determine student’s proficiency.

ReferenceThe following ground lesson should be completed prior to this flight lesson.GL 1—Advanced Human Factors Concepts

Note: This lesson provides the guidance and opportunity for the instructor to evaluate the student skill level. The Evaluation tasks that follow are task items that occur multiple times in the student curriculum as students refine their skills to meet the Commercial Pilot PTS minimums. The instructor will identify areas of improvement during performance of the Evaluation tasks and emphasize them in the upcoming lessons.

In addition to Evaluation tasks, the mission table includes mandatory tasks identified by (♦). These areas of operation are marked as completed only if the student meets the FAA Private Pilot PTS minimums. If the FAA Private Pilot PTS minimums are not met on these areas the lesson needs to be repeated.

Preflight Briefing

Task OutcomePrivate Pilot PTS expectations q Completed

Special Emphasis Items q Completed

Review Tasks q Completed



FL1-2

Introduce/Review/Evaluate

Task Outcome

♦ Preflight Preparation

Certificates and Documents

Airworthiness Requirements

National Airspace System

Performance and Limitations

Operation of systems

♦ Preflight Procedures

Preflight Inspection

Cockpit Management

Engine Starting

Taxiing

Runway Incursion Avoidance

Before-Takeoff Check

Airport Operations

Evaluate Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals

Evaluate Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting

Evaluate Traffic Patterns


Evaluate Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb

Evaluate Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing

Evaluate Go-Around / Rejected Landing

Slow Flight and Stalls

Evaluate Maneuvering During Slow Flight

Evaluate Power-Off Stalls

Evaluate Power-On Stalls

Evaluate Spin Awareness

Emergency Operations

Evaluate Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)

♦ Post Flight Procedures

After-Landing, Parking, and Securing



FL1-3

Completion StandardsIndicates areas of operation in which the student must meet the FAA Private Pilot PTS minimums prior to advancing to the next lesson.

Satisfactory performance to meet the requirements for advancement to Flight Lesson 2 is based on the students ability to:• Perform the tasks listed under ♦Preflight Preparation, ♦Preflight Procedures, and ♦Postflight

Procedures to the standards in the FAA Private Pilot PTS.• Demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful outcome of each task performed

never in doubt.• Demonstrate sound decision-making skills.


Task OutcomeSpecial Emphasis Items q Completed

Pilot evaluation q Completed

Identify pilot improvement areas q Completed

Note: Based on the level of student performance discuss and document the emphasis areas and tasks that will require student and instructor attention in the upcoming lessons.

♦ If mandatory areas of operation are not performed to Private Pilot PTS minimums, this lesson must be repeated.





2.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 2ML 1—Accelerated Stalls



FL1-4

Notes



FL2-1


Flight Lesson 2 — Basic Commercial ManeuversDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Introduce basic commercial maneuvers, including:

ο Maximum performance takeoffs and landings. ο Power-off, power-on, and accelerated stalls. ο Emergency operations.

• Complete the Review tasks to gain proficiency.

Preflight Briefing


Weather Information

Preflight Procedures

Runway Incursion Avoidance


Systems and Equipment Malfunctions

Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear



FL2-2

Introduce/Review

Outcomes D = Describe E = Explain Pr = Practice Pe = Perform No = Not Observed

Task OutcomeTakeoffs

Introduce Normal and Crosswind

Introduce Soft-Field

Introduce Short-Field


Introduce Maneuvering During Slow Flight

Introduce Power-Off Stalls

Introduce Power-On Stalls

Introduce Accelerated Stalls


Introduce Emergency Descent

Landings and Go-Arounds

Introduce Normal and Crosswind

Introduce Soft-Field




Review Performance and Limitations

Review Operation of Systems

Airport Operations

Review Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals

Review Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, Markings and Lighting

Review Traffic Patterns

Completion Standards• Runway Incursion Avoidance – Maintain situational awareness and effectively perform

specific procedures for runway incursion avoidance while operating at the airport.• Soft-Field Takeoff – Maintain selected airspeed (±10 knots) during the climb.• Short-Field Takeoff – After the obstacle is clear, maintain VY (±10 knots) during the climb.• Maneuvering During Slow Flight – Maintain the specified altitude (±75 feet [25 meters]);

specified heading, (±15°); airspeed (+10/−0 knots) and specified angle of bank (±10°).• Accelerated Stall – Establish the airspeed below VA, 20 knots above unaccelerated stall

speed, or according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Induce a stall in a turn with a bank angle of approximately 45°. Perform the correct recovery procedure at the onset of the stall while maintaining coordinated flight.

• Power-Off Stall – Maintain a specified heading, (±15º) in straight flight and a specified angle of bank, not to exceed 20º, (±10º), in turning flight while inducing the stall.



FL2-3

• Power-On Stall – Maintain a specified heading (±10º) in straight flight and a specified angle of bank, not to exceed 20º (±15º), in turning flight while inducing the stall.

• Emergency Descent – Maintain the appropriate airspeed (+0/–10) knots and level off at a specified altitude (±100 feet [30 meters])

• Soft-Field Landing – Touch down softly, with no drift, and with the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned with the runway/landing path. Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing sequence. Maintain proper position of the flight controls and sufficient speed to taxi on the soft surface.

• Short-Field Landing – Touch down at or within 150 feet (45 meters) beyond a specified point with no side drift and on the runway centerline.

• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment including malfunctions.

• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills.


Task OutcomeIntroduce Tasks q Completed



Discuss remedial activities if minimum standards are not met. q Completed





4.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 3GL 2—Commercial Pilot SRM



FL2-4

Notes



FL3-1


Flight Lesson 3 — Basic Commercial ManeuversDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Demonstrate proficiency in all lesson tasks and special emphasis areas to the Commercial

Practical Test Standards.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing





FL3-2

Introduce/Review








Review Runway Incursion Avoidance

Airport Operations



Review Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting




Review Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb


Review Go-Around / Rejected Landing


Review Maneuvering During Slow Flight

Review Power-Off Stalls

Review Power-On Stalls

Review Accelerated Stalls


Review Emergency Descent

Review Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)

Review Systems and Equipment Malfunctions

Review Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear

Completion Standards• Soft-Field Takeoff – Lift off at the lowest possible airspeed and remain in ground effect

while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate. Establish a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintain selected airspeed (±5 knots) during the climb.

• Soft-Field Landing – Touch down softly, with no drift, and with the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned with the runway/landing path. Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing sequence. Maintain proper position of the flight controls and sufficient speed to taxi on the soft surface.



FL3-3

• Short-Field Takeoff – Maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX (+5/-0 knots), until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters) above the surface. After the obstacle is clear maintain VY (±5 knots), during the climb.

• Short-Field Landing – Touch down at or within 100 feet (30 meters) beyond a specified point with no side drift and on the runway centerline.

• Maneuvering During Slow Flight – Maintain the specified altitude (±50 feet [15 meters]); specified heading (±10°) airspeed (+5/−0 knots), and specified angle of bank (±5°).

• Accelerated Stalls – Establish the airspeed below VA, 20 knots above unaccelerated stall speed, or according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Induce a stall in a turn with a bank angle of approximately 45°. Perform the correct recovery procedure at the onset of the stall while maintaining coordinated flight.

• Power-Off Stalls – Maintain a specified heading, (±10°) in straight flight and a specified angle of bank, not to exceed 20° (±5°), in turning flight while inducing the stall.

• Power-On Stalls – Maintain a specified heading (±5°) in straight flight and a specified angle of bank, not to exceed a 20° (±10°), in turning flight, while inducing the stall.

• Runway Incursion Avoidance – Maintain situational awareness and effectively perform specific procedures for runway incursion avoidance while operating at the airport.

• Emergency Descent – Maintain the appropriate airspeed (+0/–10 knots) and level off at a specified altitude (±100 feet [20 meters]).

• All other tasks – Precisely control the airplane in accordance with the current Commercial PTS.

• Recognize, understand and effectively manage systems and equipment including malfunctions.

• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures. • Exercise sound decision-making skills.









6.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 4None



FL3-4

Notes



FL4-1


Flight Lesson 4 — Basic Commercial Maneuvers PracticeSolo or Dual—2.0 hours

Objectives• For a Solo lesson, conduct self-guided practice in all lesson tasks and special emphasis

areas to develop consistency to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.• For a Dual lesson, demonstrate proficiency in all lesson tasks and special emphasis areas

to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing

Task OutcomeFlight Mission q Completed





FL4-2

Introduce/Review








Review Preflight Inspection

Review Cockpit Management

Review Engine Starting

Review Taxiing


Review Before-Takeoff Check

Airport Operations



Review Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lights


Review Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb

Review Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing


















FL4-3

Completion Standards• Precisely control the airplane in accordance with the current Commercial Pilot Practical

Test Standards.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills.• For a Dual lesson: Recognize, understand and effectively manage systems and equipment

including malfunctions.









8.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 5GL 3—The Flight Environment



FL4-4

Notes



FL5-1


Flight Lesson 5 — Basic Commercial Maneuvers PracticeSolo or Dual—2.0 hours

Objectives• For a Solo lesson, conduct self-guided practice in all lesson tasks and special emphasis

areas to develop consistency to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.• For a Dual lesson, demonstrate proficiency in all lesson tasks and special emphasis areas


Preflight Briefing






FL5-2

Introduce/Review











Review Taxiing



Airport Operations



Review Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lights





















FL5-3


Test Standards.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills.• For a Dual lesson: Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment

including malfunctions.









10.0




FL5-4

Notes



FL6-1


Flight Lesson 6 — Cross-Country OperationsDual—2.5 hours

Objectives• Introduce cross-country operations, including:

ο Preflight preparation. ο Navigation. ο Diversion and lost procedures. ο Aeronautical decision-making, with emphasis on making a safe go/no-go decision.


Preflight Briefing


Cross-Country Flight Planning q Completed

Digital Display Considerations q Completed

Autopilot Considerations q Completed



FL6-2

Introduce/Review


Task OutcomeNavigation

Introduce Pilotage and Dead Reckoning

Introduce Navigation Systems and Radar Services

Introduce Diversion

Introduce Lost Procedures













FL6-3

Completion Standards• Navigation (All) – Maintain the appropriate altitude (±150 feet [45 meters]) and heading

(±15°).• Pilotage and Dead Reckoning – Arrive at the enroute checkpoints within five minutes of

the initial or revised ETA.• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment including

malfunctions.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills










12.5

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 7GL 4—Navigation



FL6-4

Notes



FL7-1


Flight Lesson 7 — Cross-Country OperationsDual—2.5 hours



Preflight Briefing





FL7-2

Introduce/Review




Review Cross-Country Flight Planning









Navigation

Review Pilotage and Dead Reckoning

Review Navigation Systems and Radar Services

Review Diversion

Review Lost Procedures



FL7-3


(±10°).• Pilotage and Dead Reckoning – Arrive at the enroute checkpoints within three minutes of

the initial or revised ETA.• Precisely control the airplane in accordance with the current Commercial Pilot Practical

Test Standards.• Exercise sound decision-making skills.









15.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 8 GL 5—Weather



FL7-4

Notes



FL8-1


Flight Lesson 8 — Basic Commercial Practice / X-CSolo—2.0 hours

Objectives• Conduct self-guided practice in all lesson tasks and special emphasis areas to develop

consistency to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing






FL8-2

Introduce/Review













Review Go-Around/Rejected Landing

Navigation





FL8-3

Completion Standards• Plan and safely execute a cross-country flight to an airport other than the departure point.• Precisely control the airplane in accordance with the current Commercial Pilot Practical

Test Standards.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills, with emphasis on making a safe go/no-go decision.









17.0




FL8-4

Notes



FL9-1





Preflight Briefing






FL9-2

Introduce/Review














Navigation





FL9-3


Test Standards.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills, with emphasis on making a safe go/no-go decision.









19.0




FL9-4

Notes



FL10-1





Preflight Briefing






FL10-2

Introduce/Review














Navigation





FL10-3


Test Standards.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision making skills, with emphasis on making a safe go/no-go decision.









21.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 11GL 6—Stage I Exam



FL10-4

Notes



FL11-1


Flight Lesson 11 — Stage I ReviewDual—2.0 hours


Practical Test Standards in preparation for the Stage I Check.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing





FL11-2

Introduce/Review



Review Certificates and Documents

Review Airworthiness Requirements










Review Taxiing



Airport Operations












Navigation



Review Diversion






FL11-3



Review Spin Awareness


Review Emergency Approach and landing (Simulated)



Post Flight Procedures

Review After Landing, Parking, and Securing

Completion Standards• Exhibit proficiency in coordinated aircraft control during all phases of the flight.• Show advancement toward the Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards.• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment including

malfunctions.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills.









23.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 12Review the results of the Stage I Exam with your instructor.

Continued from previous page.



FL11-4

Notes



FL12-1


Flight Lesson 12 — Stage I CheckDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Satisfactorily complete the Stage I check by demonstrating proficiency in all lesson tasks

and special emphasis areas to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing

Task OutcomeFlight planning q Completed

Procedures for conducting the stage check q Completed



FL12-2




Evaluate Certificates and Documents

Evaluate Airworthiness Requirements

Evaluate Weather Information

Evaluate Cross-Country Flight Planning

Evaluate National Airspace System

Evaluate Performance and Limitations

Evaluate Operation of Systems


Evaluate Preflight Inspection

Evaluate Cockpit Management

Evaluate Engine Starting

Evaluate Taxiing

Evaluate Runway Incursion Avoidance

Evaluate Before-Takeoff Check

Airport Operations







Evaluate Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb

Evaluate Soft-Field Approach and Landing

Evaluate Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb

Evaluate Short-Field Approach and Landing


Navigation

Evaluate Pilotage and Dead Reckoning

Evaluate Navigation Systems and Radar Services

Evaluate Diversion

Evaluate Lost Procedures





FL12-3



Evaluate Accelerated Stalls

Evaluate Spin Awareness Outcome


Evaluate Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)

Evaluate Systems and Equipment Malfunctions

Evaluate Emergency Descent

Evaluate Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear


Evaluate After-Landing, Parking, and Securing


Test Standards.• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment including




Evaluation Tasks q Completed






25.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 13GL 7—Aerodynamic PrinciplesML 2—Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and LandingML 3—Steep TurnsML 4—ChandellesML 5—Lazy Eights




FL12-4

Notes



FL-i

Stage II: Flight Lessons

ObjectivesStage II introduces advanced commercial maneuvers required by the FAA practical Test Standards. The student will gain proficiency during Stage II in the advanced commercial maneuvers as well as review instrument flying techniques and effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Stage Completion StandardsStage II is complete when the student demonstrates the ability to precisely control the airplane to Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards, demonstrates basic instrument competency, ef-fectively manages system and equipment failures, demonstrates safe and efficient airport opera-tions and exercises sound decision making skills.

FL-ii



FL13-1


Flight Lesson 13 — Advanced Commercial ManeuversDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Introduce advanced commercial maneuvers, including:

ο Emergency/Accuracy Landings □ Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing.

ο Performance Maneuvers: □ Steep Turns. □ Lazy Eights. □ Chandelles.

• Complete the Review Tasks to gain proficiency.

Preflight Briefing






FL13-2

Introduce/Review


Task Outcome

Performance Maneuvers

Introduce Steep Turns

Introduce Chandelles

Introduce Lazy Eights


Introduce Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing

Airport Operations



Review Airport, Runway, & Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting





FL13-3










27.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 14GL 8—Aerodynamic ConsiderationsML 5—Steep SpiralsML 6—Eights-on-Pylons



FL13-4

Notes



FL14-1



Objectives• Introduce advanced commercial maneuvers including:

ο Performance Maneuvers — Steep Spirals. ο Ground Reference Maneuvers — Eights-on-Pylons.


Preflight Briefing






FL14-2

Introduce/Review


Task OutcomePerformance Maneuvers

Introduce Steep Spirals

Ground Reference Maneuvers

Introduce Eights-on-Pylons

Airport Operations





Review Steep Turns

Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights


Review Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing





FL14-3










29.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 15 None



FL14-4

Notes



FL15-1



ObjectiveReview the advanced commercial maneuvers.

Preflight Briefing





FL15-2

Introduce/Review


Task OutcomeAirport Operations





Review Steep Turns

Review Steep Spirals

Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights


Review Eights-on-Pylons



Completion Standards• Exhibit proficiency in coordinated aircraft control during all phases of the flight.• Show advancement toward the Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards.• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment, including




FL15-3









31.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 16GL 9—Predicting PerformanceML 7—Maximum Performance Takeoffs and Landings



FL15-4

Notes



FL16-1


Flight Lesson 16 — PIC – Advanced Commercial Maneuvers PracticePIC (Solo or Dual)—3.0 hours

Objectives• Continue to develop proficiency in all lesson tasks and special emphasis areas to the

Commercial Practical Test Standards.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing






FL16-2

Introduce/Review











Review Steep Turns

Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights

Completion Standards• Exhibit proficiency in coordinated aircraft control during all phases of the flight.• Show advancement toward the Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills.



FL16-3









34.0




FL16-4

Notes



FL17-1





Preflight Briefing






FL17-2

Introduce/Review







Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights

Review Steep Turns








FL17-3









37.0




FL17-4

Notes



FL18-1





Preflight Briefing






FL18-2

Introduce/Review







Review Steep Turns

Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights








FL18-3









40.0




FL18-4

Notes



FL19-1





Preflight Briefing






FL19-2

Introduce/Review





Review Airport, Runway,and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting


Review Steep Turns

Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights








FL19-3









43.0




FL19-4

Notes



FL20-1





Preflight Briefing





FL20-2

Introduce/Review







Review Steep Turns


Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights






Test Standards.• Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing – Touch down in a normal landing

attitude, at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond the specified touchdown point.• Chandelle – Complete rollout at the 180° point (±10°) just above a stall airspeed and

maintain that airspeed, momentarily avoiding a stall.• Lazy Eights – Achieve the following throughout the maneuver: Approximately 30° bank at

the steepest point, constant change of pitch and roll rate, altitude tolerance at 180° points (±100 feet [30 meters]) from entry altitude, airspeed tolerance at the 180° point plus ±10° knots from entry airspeed, and heading tolerance at the 180° point (±10°).

• Steep Turn – Maintain the entry altitude (±100 feet [30 meters]), airspeed (±10 knots), bank (±5°), and roll out on the entry heading (±10°).

• Steep Spiral – Maintain the specified airspeed (±10 knots), roll out toward object or specified heading (±10°).

• Eights-on-Pylons – Apply necessary corrections so that the line-of-sight reference line remains on the pylon, divide attention between accurate coordinated airplane control and outside visual references, and hold pylon while maintaining appropriate pivotal altitude, avoiding slips and skids.

• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment including

malfunctions.• Exercise sound decision-making skills.



FL20-3









45.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 21GL 9—Weight and Balance



FL20-4

Notes



FL21-1



Objectives• For a solo lesson, conduct self-guided practice in all lesson tasks and special emphasis

areas to develop consistency to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.• For a dual lesson, demonstrate proficiency in all lesson tasks and special emphasis areas


Preflight Briefing






FL21-2

Introduce/Review



Review Steep Turns


Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights






Test Standards.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills.



FL21-3









48.0




FL21-4

Notes



FL22-1






Preflight Briefing






FL22-2

Introduce/Review



Review Steep Turns


Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights









FL22-3









51.0




FL22-4

Notes



FL23-1






Preflight Briefing






FL23-2

Introduce/Review



Review Steep Turns


Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights









FL23-3









54.0




FL23-4

Notes



FL24-1



Objectives• Continue practice in all lesson tasks and special emphasis areas to develop consistency to

the Commercial Practical Test Standards. It is suggested that this flight be conducted as a cross-country flight whenever possible.

• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing






FL24-2

Introduce/Review



Review Steep Turns


Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights









FL24-3









57.0




FL24-4

Notes



FL25-1






Preflight Briefing






FL25-2

Introduce/Review



Review Steep Turns


Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights









FL25-3









60.0




FL25-4

Notes



FL26-1






Preflight Briefing






FL26-2

Introduce/Review



Review Steep Turns


Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights









FL26-3









63.0




FL26-4

Notes



FL27-1






Preflight Briefing






FL27-2

Introduce/Review



Review Steep Turns


Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights









FL27-3









66.0




FL27-4

Notes



FL28-1






Preflight Briefing






FL28-2

Introduce/Review



Review Steep Turns


Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights









FL28-3









69.0




FL28-4

Notes



FL29-1






Preflight Briefing






FL29-2

Introduce/Review



Review Steep Turns


Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights









FL29-3









72.0




FL29-4

Notes



FL30-1


Flight Lesson 30 — Review of Instrument Operations (FSTD or Aircraft)Dual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Develop proficiency in managing the aircraft solely by reference to the flight instruments.• Review instrument procedures and IFR operations including:

ο Attitude instrument flying. ο Partial-panel operations. ο Recovery from unusual attitudes. ο Intercepting and tracking of navigational systems.

• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command under Instrument Flight Rules.

Preflight Briefing

Task OutcomePreflight procedures

Before-Takeoff Check (Instrument Cockpit Check) q Completed

Introduce Tasks q Completed



FL30-2

Introduce/Review


Task OutcomeInstrument Operations

Introduce Attitude Instrument Flying

Introduce Partial-Panel Operations

Introduce Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes

Introduce Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems

Completion Standards• Before-Takeoff Check – Conduct a thorough preflight check with emphasis on IFR

systems and navigational instruments.• Demonstrate basic instrument competency to include attitude instrument flying, partial-

panel operations, recovery from unusual flight attitude, and intercepting and tracking of navigational systems.

• Exercise sound decision-making skills.



FL30-3









74.0




FL30-4

Notes



FL31-1


Flight Lesson 31 — Review of Instrument Operations (FSTD or Aircraft)Dual—2.0 hours


ο Attitude instrument flying. ο Partial panel operations. ο Recovery from unusual attitudes. ο Intercepting and tracking of navigational systems.


Preflight Briefing





FL31-2

Introduce/Review


Task OutcomePreflight Procedures

Review Before Takeoff Check (Instrument Cockpit Check)

Instrument Operations

Review Attitude Instrument Flying

Review Partial-Panel Operations

Review Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes

Review Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems


systems and navigational instruments.• Demonstrate basic instrument competency to include attitude instrument flying, partial





FL31-3









76.0




FL31-4

Notes



FL32-1





Preflight Briefing






FL32-2

Introduce/Review











Review Steep Turns

Review Steep Spiral

Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights







FL32-3









79.0




FL32-4

Notes



FL33-1





Preflight Briefing






FL33-2

Introduce/Review











Review Steep Turns

Review Steep Spiral

Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights







FL33-3









82.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 34GL 10—Stage II Exam



FL33-4

Notes



FL34-1


Flight Lesson 34 — Stage II ReviewDual—2.0 hours


Practical Test Standards in preparation for the Stage II Check.• Demonstrate instrument proficiency.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing





FL34-2

Introduce/Review









Review Steep Turns

Review Steep Spiral

Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights









Test Standards.• Demonstrate basic instrument competency to include attitude instrument flying, partial






FL34-3









84.0




FL34-4

Notes



FL35-1


Flight Lesson 35 — Stage II CheckDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Satisfactorily complete the Stage II check by demonstrating proficiency in all lesson tasks

and special emphasis areas to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.• Demonstrate instrument proficiency.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing

Task OutcomeProcedures for conducting stage check q Completed



FL35-2








Evaluate Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing


Evaluate Steep Turns

Evaluate Steep Spiral

Evaluate Chandelles

Evaluate Lazy Eights


Evaluate Eights-on-Pylons


Evaluate Attitude Instrument Flying

Evaluate Partial-Panel Operations

Evaluate Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes

Evaluate Intercepting and Tracking Navigational Systems


Test Standards.• Demonstrate basic instrument competency to include attitude instrument flying, partial






FL35-3









86.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 36GL 12—High-Performance PowerplantsGL 13—Retractable Landing GearGL 14—Environmental and Ice Control Systems



FL35-4

Notes



FLS-i

Stage III: Single-Engine Flight Lessons

ObjectivesStage III emphasizes solo night and extended day cross-country flight, complex airplane systems, and complex commercial maneuvers. The student will become proficient in these areas in addition to making the correlation of flying skills with the FAA Special Emphasis Areas.

Stage Completion StandardsStage III Single-Engine is complete when the student demonstrates proficiency in all lesson tasks and special emphasis areas associated with solo night and an extended cross-country flight. The student will recognize, understand, and manage complex aircraft systems and perform complex commercial maneuvers while exercising sound decision-making skills.

FLS-iii



FLS36-1


Flight Lesson 36 — Dual Cross-Country - DAYDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Review day cross-country planning and procedures conducted on a flight that:

ο Consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 NM from the original point of departure.

ο Is at least two hours in duration in daytime conditions.• Review normal and crosswind takeoff and landing procedures.

Preflight Briefing


Aeromedical Factors (High Altitude) q Completed

High-Altitude Operations

Supplemental Oxygen q Completed

Pressurization q Completed





FLS36-2

Introduce/Review






Airport Operations







Navigation



Review Diversion







Review Special Emphasis Areas

Review LAHSO

Review Wake Turbulence Avoidance








FLS36-3









88




FLS36-4

Notes



FLS37-1


Flight Lesson 37 — Dual Cross-Country - NIGHTDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Review night cross-country planning and procedures conducted on a flight that:

ο Consists a total straight-line distance of more than 100 NM from the original point of departure.

ο Is at least two hours in duration in nighttime conditions.• Review normal and crosswind takeoff and landing procedures.

Preflight Briefing





FLS37-2

Introduce/Review






Review Aeromedical Factors (Night and High-Altitude Operations)



Airport Operations







Navigation



Review Diversion



Review Supplemental Oxygen

Review Pressurization








FLS37-3









90

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 38GL 15—Commercial FARsGL 16—Emergency Situations



FLS37-4

Notes



FLS38-1


Flight Lesson 38 — Solo – NIGHTSolo—2.5 hours

Objectives• Conduct a solo (or acting as PIC) night flight to:

ο Develop proficiency and confidence, and ο Work toward the solo (or acting as PIC) night course completion requirements.


Preflight Briefing






FLS38-2

Introduce/Review









Airport Operations








Test Standards.• Make progress toward the night solo (or acting as PIC) cumulative course completion

requirements. ο Ten night takeoffs and landings at an airport with an operating control tower, and ο Five hours in night VFR conditions




FLS38-3









92.5




FLS38-4

Notes



FLS39-1


Flight Lesson 39 — Solo – NIGHTSolo—2.5 hours


ο Develop proficiency and confidence, and ο Meet the solo (or acting as PIC) night course completion requirements.

• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command

Preflight Briefing






FLS39-2

Introduce/Review









Airport Operations







Completion Standards• Complete cumulative course requirements for night solo (or acting as PIC) operations must

be met by the end of this lesson, including at least: ο Ten night takeoffs and landings at an airport with an operating control tower. ο Five hours in night VFR conditions.

• Precisely control the airplane in accordance with the current Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards.




FLS39-3









95




FLS39-4

Notes



FLS40-1


Flight Lesson 40 — Solo – Cross CountrySolo—5.0 hours

Objectives• Conduct an extended solo (or acting as PIC) cross-country with one segment being a

straight line distance of at least 250 NM from the original point of departure (150 NM if the training is conducted in Hawaii) and three points of landing to:

ο Develop proficiency and confidence. ο Meet the solo (or acting as PIC) cross-country course completion requirements.


Preflight Briefing






FLS40-2

Introduce/Review








Airport Operations







Navigation





the initial or revised ETA.• Meet the course completion requirements for a solo (or acting as PIC) cross-country that

include: ο One segment with a straight-line distance of at least 250 NM (150 NM if training in

Hawaii). ο Landings at a minimum of three points.





FLS40-3









100




FLS40-4

Notes



FLS41-1


Flight Lesson 41 — Instrument TrainingDual—2.0 hours




Preflight Briefing





FLS41-2

Introduce/Review



Review Operation of Systems (IFR)


Review Preflight Inspection (IFR)

Review Cockpit Management (IFR)


Review Before-Takeoff Check (Instrument Cockpit Check)

Airport Operations

Review Radio Communications (IFR)

Review Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting (IFR)

Navigation



Review Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (IFR)







systems and navigational instruments.• Demonstrate basic instrument competency to include attitude instrument flying, partial-






FLS41-3









102




FLS41-4

Notes



FLS42-1


Flight Lesson 42 — Instrument TrainingDual—2.0 hours


ο Attitude instrument flying. ο Partial-panel operations. ο Recovery from unusual attitudes. ο Intercepting and tracking of navigational systems.


Preflight Briefing





FLS42-2

Introduce/Review









Airport Operations


Navigation
















FLS42-3









104




FLS42-4

Notes



FLS43-1


Flight Lesson 43 — Instrument Training and Commercial Maneuvers ReviewDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Establish proficiency in attitude instrument flying and basic instrument procedures.• Review select advanced commercial maneuvers.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command

under Instrument Flight Rules.

Preflight Briefing





FLS43-2

Introduce/Review


Task OutcomeTakeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds




Review Steep Turns

Navigation










Test Standards.• Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing – Touch down in a normal landing

attitude, at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond the specified touchdown point.• Steep Turn – Maintain the entry altitude (±100 feet [30 meters]), airspeed (±10 knots),

bank (±5°), and rolls out on the entry heading (±10°).• Demonstrate basic instrument competency to include attitude instrument flying, partial






FLS43-3









106




FLS43-4

Notes



FLS44-1


Flight Lesson 44 — Introduction to Complex AirplaneDual—2.0 hours

ObjectiveIntroduce complex airplane systems, operations, and basic proficiency maneuvers at the Commercial Pilot level.

Preflight Briefing


Preflight Inspection q Completed

Engine Starting q Completed

Before-Takeoff Check q Completed

Airport Operations

Traffic Patterns q Completed





FLS44-2

Introduce/Review


Task OutcomeComplex Aircraft Operations

Introduce Landing Gear

Introduce Flaps

Introduce Controllable-Pitch Propeller (or FADEC)

Takeoffs

Introduce Normal



Introduce Stalls/Slow Flight Recovery Procedure


Introduce Normal



Introduce Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)

Introduce Systems and Equipment Malfunctions


Review CertificatesandDocuments




Airport Operations


Review Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, Markings and Lighting


Review Steep Turns



Postflight Procedures




FLS44-3

Completion Standards• Show advancement toward the Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards in all lesson

tasks.• Operate the landing gear and powerplant systems safely and efficiently according to

standard operating procedures with limited input from the instructor.• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment including











108




FLS44-4

Notes



FLS45-1


Flight Lesson 45 — Complex and Commercial ManeuversDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Introduce advanced commercial pilot performance maneuvers in a complex airplane,

specifically: ο Chandelles. ο Lazy Eights.

• Continue to develop proficiency in complex airplane operations, review tasks, and special emphasis areas to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.

Preflight Briefing






FLS45-2

Introduce/Review



Introduce Chandelles

Introduce Lazy Eights









Airport Operations









Review Steep Turns
















FLS45-3



standard operating procedures with limited input from the instructor.• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment, including











110




FLS45-4

Notes



FLS46-1


Flight Lesson 46 — Complex and Commercial ManeuversDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Introduce advanced commercial pilot performance maneuvers in a complex airplane,

specifically: ο Soft Field Takeoffs and Landings. ο Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing. ο Eights-on-Pylons.

• Continue to develop proficiency in complex airplane operations, review tasks, and special emphasis areas to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.

Preflight Briefing






FLS46-2

Introduce/Review


Task OutcomeTakeoffs

Introduce Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb


Introduce Eights-on-Pylons


Introduce Power-Off 180º Accuracy Approach and Landing

Introduce Soft-Field Approach and Landing









Airport Operations



Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights












FLS46-3










112




FLS46-4

Notes



FLS47-1


Flight Lesson 47 — Complex and Commercial Maneuvers and Cross-Country ReviewDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Introduce steep spirals in a complex airplane.• Review cross-country flight planning using a complex airplane.• Continue to develop proficiency in complex airplane operations, review tasks, and special

emphasis areas to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.

Preflight Briefing






FLS47-2

Introduce/Review



Introduce Steep Spirals










Airport Operations







Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights










standard operating procedures with limited input from the instructor.• Demonstrate an understanding of performance planning for a complex airplane.• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment, including




FLS47-3










114




FLS47-4

Notes



FLS48-1


Flight Lesson 48 — Complex Landings and Commercial ManeuversDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Continue to develop proficiency in all complex airplane operations, review tasks, and

special emphasis areas to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.• Demonstrate Commercial Pilot proficiency on all types of takeoffs and landings.

Preflight Briefing





FLS48-2

Introduce/Review







Review Aeromedical Factors





Review Taxiing



Airport Operations









Review Steep Spiral

Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights










FLS48-3



standard operating procedures without input from the instructor.• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment, including










116

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 49GL 17—Stage III ExamGL 18—EOC Exam



FLS48-4

Notes



FLS49-1


Flight Lesson 49 — End of Course (EOC) ReviewDual—2.0 hours


Practical Test Standards in preparation for the End-of-Course Check.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing





FLS49-2

Introduce/Review















Review Taxiing



Airport Operations














Review Steep Turns

Review Steep Spiral

Review Chandelles

Review Lazy Eights



FLS49-3



Navigation



Review Diversion


















Complex Aircraft Operations

Review Landing Gear

Review Flaps

Review Controllable Pitch Propeller (or FADEC)

Completion Standards• Demonstrate satisfactory knowledge of all Commercial Practical Test Standards tasks and

special emphasis areas.• Precisely control the airplane in accordance with the current Commercial Pilot Practical

Test Standards.• Operate the landing gear and powerplant systems safely and efficiently according to

standard operating procedures without input from the instructor.• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment including





FLS49-4









118


Notes



FLS50-1


Flight Lesson 50 — End-of-Course (EOC) CheckDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Satisfactorily complete the EOC check by demonstrating proficiency in all lesson tasks and

special emphasis areas to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing

Task OutcomeProcedures for Conducting the Check Flight q Completed



FLS50-2











Evaluate Aeromedical Factors





Evaluate Taxiing



Airport Operations







Evaluate Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb

Evaluate Soft-Field Approach and Landing



Evaluate Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing




Evaluate Steep Spiral

Evaluate Chandelles

Evaluate Lazy Eights



FLS50-3


Evaluate Eights-on-Pylons

Navigation



Evaluate Diversion










Evaluate Emergency Approach and landing (Simulated)




Evaluate Supplemental Oxygen

Evaluate Pressurization



Complex Aircraft Operations

Evaluate Landing Gear

Evaluate Flaps

Evaluate Controllable Pitch Propeller (or FADEC)




malfunctions.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound-decision making skills.




FLS50-4

Notes









120



FL-i

Stage III: Multi-Engine Flight Lessons

ObjectivesStage III emphasizes multi-engine: solo night, extended day cross country flight, airplane systems, normal and emergency operations, and commercial maneuvers. The student will become proficient in these areas in addition to making the correlation of flying skills with the FAA Special Emphasis Areas.

Stage Completion StandardsStage III Multi-Engine is complete when the student demonstrates proficiency in all lesson tasks and special emphasis areas associated with solo night, extended cross country flight, and complex commercial maneuvers. The student will recognize, understand, and manage multi-engine aircraft systems, exercising sound decision-making skills, during both normal and emergency operations.

FLM-iii



FLM36-1


Flight Lesson 36 — Introduction Multi-Engine AirplaneDual—1.5 hours

ObjectiveIntroduce multi-engine airplane systems, operations, and basic proficiency maneuvers.

Preflight Briefing


Preflight Inspection q Completed

Cockpit Management q Completed

Engine Starting q Completed

Before-Takeoff Check q Completed

Postflight Procedures q Completed

After Landing q Completed

Parking Securing





FLM36-2

Introduce/Review


Task OutcomeBasic Flight Maneuvers

Introduce Straight-and-Level Flight

Introduce Constant Altitude Change of Airspeed

Introduce Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents

Introduce Turns to Headings

Introduce Drag Changes for Various Configurations

Airport Operations

Introduce Traffic Patterns



standard operating procedures with limited input from the instructor.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills.



FLM36-3










87.5

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 37GL 12—High-Performance PowerplantsGL 13—Retractable Landing GearGL 14—Environmental and Ice Control Systems



FLM36-4

Notes



FLM37-1


Flight Lesson 37 — Basic Maneuvers Multi-Engine AirplaneDual—1.5 hours

ObjectiveIntroduce multi-engine airplane systems, operations, and basic proficiency maneuvers at the commercial pilot level.

Preflight Briefing


Performance and Limitations q Completed

Operation of Systems q Completed





FLM37-2

Introduce/Review



Introduce Performance and Limitations

Introduce Operation of Systems

Takeoffs

Introduce Normal

Introduce Crosswind


Introduce Normal

Introduce Crosswind








Review Taxiing



Basic Flight Maneuvers

Review Straight-and-Level Flight

Review Constant Altitude Change of Airspeed

Review Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents

Review Turns to Headings

Review Drag Changes for Various Configurations

Airport Operations




Review After-Landing

Review Parking and Securing



FLM37-3














89.0




FLM37-4

Notes



FLM38-1


Flight Lesson 38 — Basic Maneuvers Multi-Engine AirplaneDual—1.5 hours

Objectives• Introduce multi-engine slow flight, stall/spin awareness, and emergency operations.• Review normal and crosswind takeoff and landing procedures.

Preflight Briefing

Task OutcomeSlow Flight and Stalls

Spin Awareness q Completed






FLM38-2

Introduce/Review


Task OutcomeSlow Flight and Stalls

Introduce Maneuvering During Slow Flight

Introduce Power-On Stalls

Introduce Power-Off Stalls


Introduce Systems and Equipment Malfunctions








Review Taxiing






Airport Operations


Emergency operations




malfunctions.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills



FLM38-3










90.5

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 39GL 15—Light-Twin System DifferencesGL 16—Light-Twin AerodynamicsGL 17—Light-Twin Performance



FLM38-4

Notes



FLM39-1


Flight Lesson 39 — Performance Maneuvers Multi-Engine AirplaneDual—1.5 hours

Objectives• Introduce advanced commercial pilot performance maneuvers in a multi-engine airplane,

specifically short-field takeoffs and landings.• Continue to develop proficiency in multi-engine airplane operations, review tasks, and

special emphasis areas to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.

Preflight Briefing






FLM39-2

Introduce/Review



Introduce Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb


Introduce Steep Turns


Introduce Short-Field Landing

Introduce Go-Around/Rejected Landing













FLM39-3














92.0




FLM39-4

Notes



FLM40-1


Flight Lesson 40 — Emergency and Multi-Engine OperationsDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Introduce engine failures in a multi-engine airplane during takeoff before VMC (simulated)

and after liftoff (simulated).• Introduce procedures for shutdown and feathering.

Preflight Briefing


Principles of Flight — Engine Inoperative q Completed






FLM40-2

Introduce/Review


Task OutcomeEmergency Operations

Introduce Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)

Introduce Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)

Introduce Approach and Landing with Engine Inoperative

Multi-Engine Operations

Introduce Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative

Introduce VMC Demonstration





Review Steep Turns





Completion Standards• Recognize emergency situations and the procedures required to mitigate the emergency.• Operate the landing gear and powerplant systems safely and efficiently according to





FLM40-3










94.0




FLM40-4

Notes



FLM41-1


Flight Lesson 41 — Dual Cross-Country Multi-Engine Airplane – DAYDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Review day cross-country planning and procedures conducted on a flight that:

ο Consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 NM from the original point of departure, and

ο Is at least two hours in duration in daytime conditions.• Review normal and crosswind takeoff and landing procedures.

Preflight Briefing


Aeromedical Factors (High Altitude) q Completed

High-Altitude Operations q Completed

Supplemental Oxygen q Completed

Pressurization q Completed





FLM41-2

Introduce/Review






Review Principles of Flight — Engine Inoperative

Airport Operations









Navigation



Review Diversion



Review Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)

Review Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)

Review Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)



Review Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative

Review VMC Demonstration



FLM41-3





malfunctions.• Demonstrate safe operation during single-engine operations.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills.









96.0




FLM41-4

Notes



FLM42-1


Flight Lesson 42 — Dual Cross-Country Multi-Engine Airplane – NIGHTDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Review night cross-country planning and procedures conducted on a flight that consists of

a total straight-line distance of more than 100 NM from the original point of departure, and is at least two hours in duration in nighttime conditions.

• Review of normal and crosswind takeoff and landing procedures.

Preflight Briefing





FLM42-2

Introduce/Review










Airport Operations







Navigation



Review Diversion















FLM42-3














98.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 43GL 18—Commercial FARsGL 19—Emergency Situations



FLM42-4

Notes



FLM43-1


Flight Lesson 43 — Solo – NIGHT Multi-Engine AirplaneSolo (or acting as PIC) — 2.5 hours

Note: FAR Part 141 Appendix D-5(b) requires an airplane multi-engine commercial course to include 10 hours of solo training in a multi-engine airplane. This lesson counts toward that requirement. Because it might not be safe or practical for a student to conduct solo flight in a multi-engine airplane prior to completing the course, these 10 hours of solo training may be conducted with an authorized instructor on board, with the student performing all the duties of pilot in command in a multi-engine airplane.




Preflight Briefing






FLM43-2

Introduce/Review









Airport Operations








Test Standards.• Make progress toward the night solo (or acting as PIC) cumulative course completion

requirements.• Demonstrate safe and efficient airport operations and procedures.• Exercise sound decision-making skills.



FLM43-3









100.5




FLM43-4

Notes



FLM44-1


Flight Lesson 44 — Solo – NIGHT Multi-Engine AirplaneSolo (or acting as PIC) — 2.5 hours





Preflight Briefing






FLM44-2

Introduce/Review









Airport Operations







Completion Standards• Cumulative course requirements for night solo (or acting as PIC) operations must be met

by the end of this lesson, including at least ο Ten night takeoffs and landings at an airport with an operating control tower, and ο Five hours in night VFR conditions.





FLM44-3









103.0




FLM44-4

Notes



FLM45-1


Flight Lesson 45 — Solo – Cross-Country Multi-Engine AirplaneSolo (or acting as PIC)—5.0 hours


Objectives• Conduct an extended solo (or acting as PIC) cross country with one segment being a

straight line distance of at least 250 NM from the original point of departure (150 NM if the training is conducted in Hawaii) and three points of landing to:

ο Develop proficiency and confidence, and ο Meet the solo (or acting as PIC) cross country course completion requirements.


Preflight Briefing






FLM45-2

Introduce/Review








Airport Operations







Navigation





the initial or revised ETA.• Meet the course completion requirements for a solo (or acting as PIC) cross-country flight

that include: ο One segment with a straight-line distance of at least 250 NM (150 NM if training in

Hawaii), and ο Landings at a minimum of three points.





FLM45-3









108.0




FLM45-4

Notes



FLM46-1


Flight Lesson 46 — Instrument Training Multi-Engine OperationsDual—2.0 hours




Preflight Briefing






FLM46-2

Introduce/Review


Task OutcomeMulti-Engine Operations

Introduce Engine Failure During Flight (By Reference to Instruments)

Introduce Instrument Approach – One Engine Inoperative (By Reference to Instruments)








Airport Operations


Review Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting (IFR)

Navigation









Completion Standards• Recognize the techniques required to fly with an engine failure during flight and conduct an

instrument approach by sole reference to instruments.• Before-Takeoff Check – Conduct a thorough preflight check with emphasis on IFR







FLM46-3










110.0




FLM46-4

Notes



FLM47-1


Flight Lesson 47 — Instrument Training Multi-Engine OperationsDual—2.0 hours




Preflight Briefing





FLM47-2

Introduce/Review










Airport Operations


Navigation










Review Engine Failure During Flight (By Reference to Instruments)

Review Instrument Approach – One Engine Inoperative (By Reference to Instruments)


systems and navigational instruments.• Demonstrate basic instrument competency to include: attitude instrument flying, partial

panel operations, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking of navigational systems.





FLM47-3









112.0




FLM47-4

Notes



FLM48-1


Flight Lesson 48 — Instrument Training and Commercial Review Multi-Engine AirplaneDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Establish proficiency in attitude instrument flying and basic instrument procedures.• Review select advanced commercial maneuvers.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command

under Instrument Flight Rules.

Preflight Briefing





FLM48-2

Introduce/Review






Review Steep Turns

Navigation











Review Instrument Approach – One Engine Inoperative (By Reference to Instruments)


Test Standards.• Steep Turn – Maintain the entry altitude (±100 feet [30 meters]), airspeed (±10 knots),

bank (±5°),and roll out on the entry heading (±10°).• Demonstrate basic instrument competency to include: attitude instrument flying, partial

panel operations, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking of navigational systems.





FLM48-3









114.0




FLM48-4

Notes



FLM49-1


Flight Lesson 49 — Commercial Maneuvers Review Multi-Engine AirplaneDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Continue to develop proficiency in all multi-engine airplane operations, review tasks and

special emphasis areas to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.• Demonstrate Commercial Pilot proficiency on all types of takeoffs and landings.

Preflight Briefing





FLM49-2

Introduce/Review













Review Taxiing


Airport Operations








Review Steep Turns













FLM49-3



standard operating procedures without input from the instructor.• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment including










116.0

Study Assignment for Flight Lesson 50GL 20—Stage III ExamGL 21—EOC Exam



FLM49-4

Notes



FLM50-1


Flight Lesson 50 — Stage III and End-of-Course (EOC) Review Multi-Engine AirplaneDual—2.0 hours


Practical Test Standards in preparation for the End-of-Course Check.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing





FLM50-2

Introduce/Review
















Review Taxiing



Airport Operations











Review Steep Turns

Navigation



Review Diversion




FLM50-3


















Review Instrument Approach–One Engine Inoperative (By Reference to Instruments)





Review After-Landing, Parking, and Securing



Test Standards.• Operate the landing gear and powerplant systems safely and efficiently according to

standard operating procedures without input from the instructor.• Recognize, understand, and effectively manage systems and equipment, including





FLM50-4

Notes









118.0



FLM51-1


Flight Lesson 51 — End-of-Course (EOC) Check Multi-Engine AirplaneDual—2.0 hours

Objectives• Satisfactorily complete the EOC check by demonstrating proficiency in all lesson tasks and

special emphasis areas to the Commercial Practical Test Standards.• Exercise effective aeronautical decision-making skills required to act as pilot in command.

Preflight Briefing

Task OutcomeProcedures for conducting the check flight q Completed



FLM51-2











Evaluate Principles of Flight — Engine Inoperative

Evaluate Aeromedical Factors





Evaluate Taxiing



Airport Operations












Navigation



Evaluate Diversion




FLM51-3









Evaluate Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)

Evaluate Engine Failure After Liftoff (Simulated)

Evaluate Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated)




Evaluate Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative

Evaluate VMC Demonstration

Evaluate Engine Failure During Flight (By Reference to Instruments)

Evaluate Instrument Approach–One Engine Inoperative (By Reference to Instruments)


Evaluate Supplemental Oxygen

Evaluate Pressurization










FLM51-4

Notes









120.0