how to study korean lesson 9

7/24/2019 How to Study Korean Lesson 9

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Lesson 9: Conjugate()

Vocabulary

The vocabulary is separated into nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs for the

purpose of simplicity.

Hover your mouse over any word to see examples of that word in use (you

probably wont be able to understand the grammar within the sentences at this

point, but it is good to see as you progress through your learning.

! "#$ %le neatly presenting all of these words and example sentences in addition

to common usages and speci%c notes can be found here.

&ouns'

factory

fever

theater

company

place)location

a sign (on the road)etc

job

class *+ taught a class

meat

pig

por-

cow

beef

money


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owers

price

peanut

( (play soccer

( (play baseball

passport

towel

physical education

subway

Verbs'

! to be

"# start

$%( act(ion

& introduce

'( %nd

)* visit

+ to lose something

+,-. to lose something/

/ ta-ing o0 clothes

0 laugh

!djectives'

123 shy

4( health(y

56 pretty

!dverbs'


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789 in the future

:; future

? now)present

1ords with /

$or help memori2ing these words, try using our 3emrise tool.

.

4onjugating


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5oth of the above can be seen as correct. Here, the pronunciation of *


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However, the pronunciation of


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4onjugating


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+nformal High


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YAE\U + am a doctor

MZKYE^\U That person is my brother

YABCD\U + am a teacher

YAJKLC\U + am a good student


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+nformal ;ow


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"lain $orm

@ame as above, but you should add the regular *= ending instead of *=W.

That is, you should add =


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The weird thing is that >orean spea-ers sometimes would use these'

@ALC


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1hen you add =j)kto a word stem, =jgets attached directly to stems ending

in a vowel, and =kgets added onto stems ending in a consonant. $or example'

_ends in a vowel, so

_? j l

mends in a consonant, so

m? k mk

There is also one irregular involved with adding j)kto a stem. 6ou were

introduced to this irregular briey in ;esson E, but + could not teach it to you

perfectly because you didnt -now about =j)kat that point.

+f a stem ends in a %nal consonant that is j, when adding =j)k, you actually

dont add anything. That sounds weird, but it is true. 4hec- it out.

lis a word where the stem ends in a consonant, so you would normally add

k'

l? k lk

5ut saying this is weird. Try to pronounce that' lk.

+nstead, it is way easier to just say l.

!nyways, thats it for the irregular.

FFFFFF:

This is going to sound extremely complicated (and it is' adding =j)kto the

stem of an adjective changes it to a word that can describe a noun in the future

tense. $or example'

$noZ happy person

$npZ a person that will be happy


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@imilarly, (this is where it gets complicated adding =j)=kto a stem of a verb

turns it into a word that can describe a noun in the future'

mkqr the food that will be eaten.

FFFFFF:

+f you cant understand the explanation between the lines G dont worry. That

level of grammar is very di9cult to grasp at this stage of learning. That grammar

will be discussed very deeply in ;essons B G I. +f you want to jump ahead to

those lessons, feel free. However, the mechanics within the grammar are not

important to you yet.

G !dding =j)=kto the stem of an adjective allows that adjective to describe a

noun in the future tense

G !dding =j)=kto the stem of a verb allows that verb to describe a noun in the

future tense

G 5ecause these newly formed words can describe nouns, they must be followed

by a noun

1hat does all this have to do with conjugating into the futureJ

1hen >orean people conjugate to the future, they usually do so by adding =j)=

kto a verb)adjective.

This is essentially the same as adding s)Kto an adjective stem which you

already -now' (J:K JK.

6ou should -now, however, that you cannot end a sentence li-e this'

@AJK

5ecause JKis an adjective that modi%es a noun, a noun must follow JK'

@AJKZ


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&ow, to end the sentence, you need to add


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+ am a thing who will eat

+ am a thing who will study

5ut there actual meanings are'

@A$npN


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+rregulars come into play when adding =j)kto a verb or adjective because of

the possibility of adding a vowel to a stem. ;ets loo- at the word *~ as an

example. ~has a consonant as its %nal letter, which means that =kmust be

added (instead of =j. Therefore, we end up with'

~k

5ecause of this, now we now have the %nal consonant *G followed by a vowel,

which causes the Girregular to be applied. The correct conjugation of ~? =

j)kN


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Lne more thingM just a minute ago you learned about the =j)kN


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meanings as you progress through our lessons, but the %rst meaning of 8! is

*to becomeO which is slightly di0erent than *to be. ;et me introduce the word

*! to you by showing you examples of it being used in the past tense'

(&ote the way !is used. =orean is

because you havent learned the word *last year in >orean yet.

1hen you say *+ became a teacher last year, you are indicating that G before

last year you were not a teacher G but last year you became a teacher.

1hen you say *+ was a teacher last year, you are not specifying if you were a

teacher before that time as well, or even if you are still a teacher. !ll you are

specifying is that you were a teacher last year, and no other information is given.

!can be used in the present tense as well (and again di0ers slightly from

how to study korean lesson 9

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