how to make your testing more groovy

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Dr Paul King

[email protected]

@paulk_asert

ASERT, Australia

How to make your Testing

more GroovyCraig Smith

[email protected]

@smithcdau

Suncorp, Australia

Topics• Why Groovy for Testing?

• Groovy Intro

• Web Drivers

• Test Runners

• Non-web Drivers

• Other Tools

• Going beyond

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Focus is on using the Groovy dynamic language

for primarily functional and acceptance testing

with a forward looking perspective. Also considers

polyglot options. The techniques and lessons

learned can be applied to other kinds of testing

and are also applicable to similar languages.

Topics not covered in detail

• Coverage– But coverage options available

• Mocking– But built-in support and many libraries available

• CI Support– Support in Hudson, Team City, Anthill Pro to call

Groovy

• Code Metrics– CodeNarc and other tools available

• Build Tools– Ant, Maven, GMaven, Gant, Gradle, ...

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TopicsWhy Groovy for Testing?

• Groovy Intro

• Web Drivers– Native Groovy, HttpBuilder, HtmlUnit

WebTest, Watij, Selenium, WebDriver, ...

• Test Runners– Native Groovy, JUnit, TestNG, Spock, EasyB, JBehave, ...

• Non-web Drivers– SOAP/REST, Database, FEST, ...

• Other Tools– SoapUI, ITest2, Sahi, JMeter, Twist, ...

• Going beyond– Polyglot, Model-driven, Constraint/logic languages, Concurrency

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Why Test With Groovy?

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• Wrong first question!

• Perfect second question?

XConsider first the task at hand and the

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“People Fit” / “Organization Fit”

• People– Developers (familiarity with languages)

– Testers (tools language familiarity)

– Responsibility to create/run/maintain

– BAs/SMEs (ability to read technical tests)

– Consider both development and maintenance

– Expected feedback from tests (JUnit/Reports)

• Organization– Maturity level

– Degree of automation

– Tools in use

– Need for adaptability

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• Advantages– Easy to learn

– Particularly good fit if the application you are testing

is built for the JVM or your developers work with Java

/ JVM languages

– Supports polyglot programming when needed

– Easy to plug and play different testing tools

– Good community & tools for professional agile

• Disadvantages– Requires JVM

– Less advantages if your developers using Python,

.Net, PHP

– Maybe your testers already know Ruby

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Scripting/Dynamic Languages

• Advantages– Lend themselves to succinct code/DSLs

– Powerful

– Increased Refactoring

– Increased Reuse

– Less prone to Brittleness

– Flexibility for tool integration

– Open APIs provide extensibility

• Disadvantages– Can be too low level (but many options now)

– Sometimes less tool support (but changing now)

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Test Characteristics• Coverage/Traceability

– Requirement coverage/traceability

– Code coverage: line, branch, path, state

– Transactional Tracing

• Purpose– Unit, Integration, System, Customer

• Manageability– Removing duplication

– Managing lifecycle: shared setUp/tearDown (@Before @After)

• Handling test data– Data-driven, databases, Spreadsheets, tables, keywords, random, model-driven

• Large Test Volumes– Speed of feedback, performance testing

• Tool evolution/longevity/cost/support/documentation– Open Source/Commercial, Critical mass/popularity

• Combinability

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Key Testing Practices • Use testing DSL’s

• Look to move up the testing stack– It used to be all about the driver

– Now the driver is hidden in the framework or tool stack

• Apply good testing practices– Pareto analysis, bug clusters, mutation testing, test early

– All pairs/equivalence partitions/orthogonal array testing

– Risk-based test selection, coding for testability, use CI

– Boundary value analysis, defensive programming

• Plug and play testing tools– Run different drivers with different runners and different tools

• Complement automated tests with exploration

• Expand testing scope– Test environment readiness, test deployments

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Groovy and Testing Tool Spectrum*

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Database

Drivers

DbUnit

DataSets

SqlUnit

groovy.sql

JPA

JDO

BigTable

JDBC

SOAP /

REST

Drivers

GroovyWS

XML-RPC

CXF

Axis2

JAX-WS

JAX-RS

Utilities

AllPairs, Combinations

Polyglot languages

Logic programming

Threads, Parallel /

Concurrency libraries

Data-driven libraries

Networking libraries

XML Processing

Read/write files /

Excel / Word / CSV

Reporting, Logging

Other

Drivers

FEST

Email

FTP

AntUnit

Telnet

SSH

ExecTools

iTest2, SoapUI, Twist,

IDEs, JMeter, Text

editors, Recorders,

Build Tools, CI

Web

Drivers

WebTest

WebDriver

JWebUnit

Tellurium

Selenium

HtmlUnit

Watij

HttpBuilder

Cyberneko

Runners

Native Groovy, JUnit, TestNG, Spock, EasyB,

JBehave, Cucumber, Robot Framework

* Tools/libraries/frameworks don't always neatly fall into one category – still useful conceptually


Groovy Intro







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What is Groovy?

• “Groovy is like a super version

of Java. It can leverage Java's

enterprise capabilities but also

has cool productivity features like closures,

DSL support, builders and dynamic typing.”

Groovy = Java – boiler plate code+ optional dynamic typing+ closures+ domain specific languages+ builders+ metaprogramming

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Groovy Goodies Overview• Fully object oriented

• Closures: reusable

and assignable

pieces of code

• Operators can be

overloaded

• Multimethods

• Literal declaration for

lists (arrays), maps,

ranges and regular

expressions

• GPath: efficient

object navigation

• GroovyBeans

• grep and switch

• Templates, builder,

swing, Ant, markup,

XML, SQL, XML-RPC,

Scriptom, Grails,

tests, Mocks

Growing Acceptance …

A slow and steady start but now gaining in

momentum, maturity and mindshare

Making

Java

Groovy

(soon)

Now free

… Growing Acceptance …

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Groovy and

Grails downloads:

70-90K per month

and growing


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Source: http://www.grailspodcast.com/

Source: http://www.micropoll.com/akira/mpresult/501697-116746


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AJUG_SEP2009 - 20http://www.java.net

http://www.jroller.com/scolebourne/entry/devoxx_2008_whiteboard_votes


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AJUG_SEP2009 - 21http://www.leonardoborges.com/writings

What alternative JVM language are you using or intending to use


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http://it-republik.de/jaxenter/quickvote/results/1/poll/44 (translated using http://babelfish.yahoo.com)

… Growing Acceptance

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The Landscape of JVM Languages

Java bytecode calls

for static types

Dynamic features call

for dynamic types

optional

static

types

The terms “Java Virtual Machine” and “JVM” mean a Virtual Machine for the Java™ platform.

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Groovy StarterSystem.out.println("Hello, World!"); // optional semicolon,println 'Hello, World!' // System.out, brackets,

// main() method, class defn

def name = 'Guillaume' // dynamic typingprintln "$name, I'll get the car." // GString

String longer = """${name}, the caris in the next row.""" // multi-line string

// with static typing

assert 0.5 == 1/2 // BigDecimal equals()

def printSize(obj) { // optional duck typingprint obj?.size() // safe dereferencing

}

def pets = ['ant', 'bee', 'cat'] // native list syntaxpets.each { pet -> // closure support

assert pet < 'dog' // overloading '<' on String} // or: for (pet in pets)...

A Better Java...

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import java.util.List;import java.util.ArrayList;

class Erase {private List removeLongerThan(List strings, int length) {

List result = new ArrayList();for (int i = 0; i < strings.size(); i++) {

String s = (String) strings.get(i);if (s.length() <= length) {

result.add(s);}

}return result;

}public static void main(String[] args) {

List names = new ArrayList();names.add("Ted"); names.add("Fred");names.add("Jed"); names.add("Ned");System.out.println(names);Erase e = new Erase();List shortNames = e.removeLongerThan(names, 3);System.out.println(shortNames.size());for (int i = 0; i < shortNames.size(); i++) {

String s = (String) shortNames.get(i);System.out.println(s);

}}

}

This code

is valid

Java and

valid Groovy

Based on an

example by

Jim Weirich

& Ted Leung

...A Better Java...

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import java.util.List;import java.util.ArrayList;


List result = new ArrayList();for (int i = 0; i < strings.size(); i++) {

String s = (String) strings.get(i);if (s.length() <= length) {

result.add(s);}

}return result;

}public static void main(String[] args) {

List names = new ArrayList();names.add("Ted"); names.add("Fred");names.add("Jed"); names.add("Ned");System.out.println(names);Erase e = new Erase();List shortNames = e.removeLongerThan(names, 3);System.out.println(shortNames.size());for (int i = 0; i < shortNames.size(); i++) {

String s = (String) shortNames.get(i);System.out.println(s);

}}

}

Do the

semicolons

add anything?

And shouldn‟t

we us more

modern list

notation?

Why not

import common

libraries?

...A Better Java...

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List result = new ArrayList()for (String s in strings) {

if (s.length() <= length) {result.add(s)

}}return result

}

public static void main(String[] args) {List names = new ArrayList()names.add("Ted"); names.add("Fred")names.add("Jed"); names.add("Ned")System.out.println(names)Erase e = new Erase()List shortNames = e.removeLongerThan(names, 3)System.out.println(shortNames.size())for (String s in shortNames) {

System.out.println(s)}

}}

...A Better Java...

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List result = new ArrayList()for (String s in strings) {

if (s.length() <= length) {result.add(s)

}}return result

}

public static void main(String[] args) {List names = new ArrayList()names.add("Ted"); names.add("Fred")names.add("Jed"); names.add("Ned")System.out.println(names)Erase e = new Erase()List shortNames = e.removeLongerThan(names, 3)System.out.println(shortNames.size())for (String s in shortNames) {


}}

Do we need

the static types?

Must we always

have a main

method and

class definition?

How about

improved

consistency?

...A Better Java...

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def removeLongerThan(strings, length) {def result = new ArrayList()for (s in strings) {

if (s.size() <= length) {result.add(s)

}}return result

}

names = new ArrayList()names.add("Ted")names.add("Fred")names.add("Jed")names.add("Ned")System.out.println(names)shortNames = removeLongerThan(names, 3)System.out.println(shortNames.size())for (s in shortNames) {


...A Better Java...

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def removeLongerThan(strings, length) {def result = new ArrayList()for (s in strings) {

if (s.size() <= length) {result.add(s)

}}return result

}

names = new ArrayList()names.add("Ted")names.add("Fred")names.add("Jed")names.add("Ned")System.out.println(names)shortNames = removeLongerThan(names, 3)System.out.println(shortNames.size())for (s in shortNames) {


Shouldn‟t we

have special

notation for lists?

And special

facilities for

list processing?

Is „return‟

needed at end?

...A Better Java...

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def removeLongerThan(strings, length) {strings.findAll{ it.size() <= length }

}

names = ["Ted", "Fred", "Jed", "Ned"]System.out.println(names)shortNames = removeLongerThan(names, 3)System.out.println(shortNames.size())shortNames.each{ System.out.println(s) }

...A Better Java...

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def removeLongerThan(strings, length) {strings.findAll{ it.size() <= length }

}

names = ["Ted", "Fred", "Jed", "Ned"]System.out.println(names)shortNames = removeLongerThan(names, 3)System.out.println(shortNames.size())shortNames.each{ System.out.println(s) }

Is the method

now needed?

Easier ways to

use common

methods?

Are brackets

required here?

...A Better Java...

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names = ["Ted", "Fred", "Jed", "Ned"]println namesshortNames = names.findAll{ it.size() <= 3 }println shortNames.size()shortNames.each{ println it }

...A Better Java

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names = ["Ted", "Fred", "Jed", "Ned"]println namesshortNames = names.findAll{ it.size() <= 3 }println shortNames.size()shortNames.each{ println it }

["Ted", "Fred", "Jed", "Ned"]3TedJedNed

Better Lists, Maps, Ranges

• Lists– Special syntax for list literals

– Additional common methods (operator overloading)

• Maps– Special syntax for map literals

– Additional common methods

• Ranges– Special syntax for various kinds of ranges

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def list = [3, new Date(), 'Jan']assert list + list == list * 2

def map = [a: 1, b: 2]assert map['a'] == 1 && map.b == 2

def letters = 'a'..'z'def numbers = 0..<10

Closures

• Traditional mainstream languages– Data can be stored in variables, passed around,

combined in structured ways to form more complex

data; code stays put where it is defined

• Languages supporting closures– Data and code can be stored in variables, passed

around, combined in structured ways to form more

complex algorithms and data

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doubleNum = { num -> num * 2 }println doubleNum(3) // => 6

processThenPrint = { num, closure ->num = closure(num); println "num is $num"

}processThenPrint(3, doubleNum) // => num is 6processThenPrint(10) { it / 2 } // => num is 5

SwingXBuilder

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import groovy.swing.SwingXBuilderimport static java.awt.Color.*import static java.lang.Math.*

def swing = new SwingXBuilder()def frame = swing.frame(size: [300, 300]) {

graph(plots: [[GREEN, {value -> sin(value)}],[BLUE, {value -> cos(value)}],[RED, {value -> tan(value)}]

])}.show()


• Groovy Intro

Web Drivers– Native Groovy, HttpBuilder, HtmlUnit

WebTest, Watij, Selenium, WebDriver

Tellurium, JWebUnit





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Concept

Driver

Runner<webtest name="myTest">

<steps>

<invoke

description="get Login Page"

url="login" />

<verifyTitle

description="we should see the login title"

text="Login Page" />

</steps>

</webtest>

Web Server

HTTP Request / Response

HTTP Request / Response

Read

Script

Manual

Automated

Driver Category• Real browser invoker

– Runs on platform

supported by real

browser

– May need multiple

platforms, e.g. IE6/IE7

– Uses actual JavaScript

engine

– Can be easier to use

with test recorders

– Automation

capabilities differ

across browsers

– Can typically get to all

aspects of browser

• Browser Emulators

– Can simulate multiple

browsers

– Less platform

restrictions

– Good for CI

– Easier to not download

images, resources

– Ability to optimise

JavaScript interactions

– More extensible

– Ability to disable

JavaScript

– Scope for parallelism

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Application under Test…

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…Application under Test...

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…Application under Test

Native Groovy...

• Access URLs

• Built-in XML parsing

• Built-in friendly regular expression syntax

• Even for advanced cases, there is friendly

access to low-level things:– Sockets, Processes

– Databases and other things

– Files

• Huge range of Java libraries– PDF

– Reading, writing Excel

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...Native Groovy...

• Useful URL methods

• Simple enough for GAE– For public sites

– Can share test scripts easily

– No setup required

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def html = new URL('http://localhost:8080').text

assert html.contains('<title>Welcome to SimpBlog</title>')

html.find(~'<title>(.*)</title>') { all, title ->assert title == 'Welcome to SimpBlog'

}

...Native Groovy...

• Built-in XML Parsing

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def page = newXmlSlurper().parse('http://localhost:8080/viewPost?id=1')

assert page.body.h1.text().contains('Tis the season')assert page.body.h3[1].text() == 'Category: Home'assert page.body.h3[2].text() == 'Author: Bart'assert page.body.table.tr.td.p.text() ==

"Aren't we forgeting the true meaning of Christmas? You know, the birth of Santa."

...Native Groovy

• Easy access to Java libraries

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@Grab('nekohtml:nekohtml:1.9.6.2')import org.cyberneko.html.parsers.SAXParser

def parser = new XmlSlurper(new SAXParser())def page = parser.parse('http://localhost:8080/viewPost?id=1')assert page.BODY.H1.text().contains('Tis the season')assert page.BODY.H3[1].text() == 'Category: Home'assert page.BODY.H3[2].text() == 'Author: Bart'assert page.BODY.TABLE.TR.TD.P.text() ==

"Aren't we forgeting the true meaning of Christmas? You know, the birth of Santa."

• Builder for Http interactions– Flexible: bogus posts, response codes, JSON, non-

HTML

HttpBuilder

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@Grab(group='org.codehaus.groovy.modules.http-builder',module='http-builder', version='0.5.0-RC1')

import groovyx.net.http.*import static groovyx.net.http.ContentType.URLENC

def http = new HTTPBuilder('http://localhost:8080')def postBody = [title:'Bart was here (and so was HttpBuilder)',

content:'Cowabunga Dude!', author:'1', category:'3']http.post(path:'/addPost', body: postBody,

requestContentType: URLENC) { resp, html ->assert resp.contentType == 'text/html'assert resp.status == 200assert html.BODY.H1.text().matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*')assert html.BODY.H3[1].text() == 'Category: Home'assert html.BODY.H3[2].text() == 'Author: Bart'assert html.BODY.TABLE.TR.TD.P.text() == 'Cowabunga Dude!'

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HtmlUnit• 100% Java-based headless browser emulator

– Can test any Web site: Java, .Net, PHP, Rails, ...

• Open Source– Apache 2 license

– Hosted at SourceForge

– 7 committers (3 very active)

– Very mature

• Useful for:– Integration and acceptance testing

– Screen scraping, deployment automation, ...

• Used by other drivers:– Canoo WebTest , JWebUnit , WebDriver , JSFUnit , Celerity

• Special features:– Easy ajax mode, emulation of multiple browsers

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HtmlUnit Features...• Support for the HTTP and HTTPS protocols

• Support for cookies

• Ability to specify whether failing responses from

the server should throw exceptions or should be

returned as "error" pages

• Support for submit methods POST and GET– As well as HEAD, DELETE, ...

• Ability to customize the request headers being

sent to the server

• Support for HTML responses– Wrapper for HTML pages that provides easy access to all

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...HtmlUnit Features• Proxy server support

• Support for basic and NTLM authentication

• Excellent JavaScript support– jQuery 1.2.6: Full support

– MochiKit 1.4.1: Full support

– GWT 1.6.4: Full support

– Sarissa 0.9.9.3: Full support

– MooTools 1.2.1: Full support

– Prototype 1.6.0: Very good support

– Ext JS 2.2: Very good support

– Dojo 1.0.2: Good support

– YUI 2.3.0: Good support

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HtmlUnit: Testing New Blog Post...

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@Grab('net.sourceforge.htmlunit:htmlunit:2.6')import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient

def client = new WebClient()def page = client.getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')// check page titleassert 'Welcome to SimpBlog' == page.titleText

// fill in blog entry and post itdef form = page.getFormByName('post')form.getInputByName('title').

setValueAttribute('Bart was here (and so was HtmlUnit)')form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find{

it.text == 'Home' }.setSelected(true)form.getTextAreaByName('content').setText('Cowabunga Dude!')def result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()

...

...HtmlUnit: Testing New Blog Post

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...

// check blog post detailsassert result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).

textContent.matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*')def h3headings = result.getElementsByTagName('h3')assert h3headings.item(1).textContent == 'Category: Home'assert h3headings.item(2).textContent == 'Author: Bart'

// expecting:// <table><tr><td><p>Cowabunga Dude!</p></td></tr></table>def cell = result.getByXPath('//TABLE//TR/TD')[0]def para = cell.getFirstChild()assert para.textContent == 'Cowabunga Dude!'

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Canoo WebTest• Description– Open source tool for automated testing of web applications

– Declarative approach in XML or testing DSL in Groovy

– Has Test Recorder

– Excellent reporting options

– Ant-based under the covers

<target name="login" >

<testSpec name="normal" >

&config;

<steps>

<invoke stepid="get Login Page"

url="login.jsp" />

<verifytitle stepid="we should see the login title"

text="Login Page" />

<setinputfield stepid="set user name"

name="username"

value="scott" />

<setinputfield stepid="set password"

name="password"

value="tiger" />

<clickbutton stepid="Click the submit button"

label="let me in" />

<verifytitle stepid="Home Page follows if login ok"

text="Home Page" />

</steps>

</testSpec>

</target>

Canoo WebTest Features• Strongly encourages declarative testing

– Supports testing DSLs, test structuring and reuse through

macrodefs and imports for XML flavor &

methods and closures for Groovy flavor

• Extensive support for HTML pages– Including JavaScript

• Also supports other MIME types– Generically as binary streams

– Special support for PDF, Excel, Emails

• Ant heritage provides easy IDE/CI hooks

• Excellent Documentation

• Excellent Community

• Eats own dog food– high quality codebase

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Canoo WebTest Steps...

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...Canoo WebTest Steps...

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...Canoo WebTest Steps...

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...Canoo WebTest Steps

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WebTest: Testing New Blog Post...

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<webtest name="Testing Posting a new Blog Entry">

<invoke url="http://localhost:8080/" description="Home Page"/>

<verifyTitle text="Welcome to SimpBlog"/>

<group description="Post New Blog Entry">

<clickLink label="New Blog Entry"/>

<setInputField name="title"

value="Bart was here (and so was WebTest)"/>

<setSelectField name="category" text="School"/>

<setInputField name="content" value="Cowabunga Dude!"/>

<clickButton name="btnPost"/>

</group>

...

...WebTest: Testing New Blog Post...

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...

<group description="Check Blog Post">

<verifyElementText type="h1" regex="true"

text="Post.*: Bart was here.*"/>

<verifyXPath xpath="//h3[2]/text()" text="Category: School"/>

<verifyXPath xpath="//h3[3]/text()" text="Author: Bart"/>

<verifyElementText type="p" text="Cowabunga Dude!"/>

</group>

<groovy>

println "Test run at: ${new Date()}"

</groovy>

</webtest>


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ant.webtest(name: 'Test SimpBlog') {invoke url: "http://localhost:8080/",

description: "Home Page"verifyTitle text: "Welcome to SimpBlog"group description: "Post New Blog Entry", {clickLink label: "New Blog Entry"setInputField name: "title",

value: "Bart was here (and so was WebTest with Groovy)"setSelectField name: "category", text: "School"setInputField name: "content", value: "Cowabunga Dude!"clickButton name: "btnPost"

}group description: "Check Blog Post", {verifyElementText type: "h1", regex: "true",

text: "Post.*: Bart was here.*"verifyXPath xpath: "//h3[2]/text()", text: "Category: School"verifyXPath xpath: "//h3[3]/text()", text: "Author: Bart"verifyElementText type: "p", text: "Cowabunga Dude!"

}}


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...WebTest: Testing New Blog Post

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Firefox Recorder

Watij

• Description– Java API that provides control and automation of

Internet Explorer

– Supports actions like navigating, clicking links, filling

out forms, etc.

– Also supports more complex actions like file

downloading and uploading, popup windows and

dialogs, and screen captures

• Special Features– Ability to work with IE interactively

– Can attach to an existing browser session

– Special browser commands, e.g. ie.fullScreen(true)

– Handles child browsers and popup dialogs

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Watij Features

• Finders– tag(String tagName)

– attribute(String name, String value)

– index(int index)

– text(String text)

– name(String value)

– value(String value)

– caption(String value)

– id(String value)

– title(String value)

– alt(String value)

– src(String value)

– action(String value)

– method(String value)

– url(String value)

– href(String value)

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Watij: Testing New Blog Post...

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import watij.runtime.ie.IEimport static watij.finders.SymbolFactory.*import static watij.finders.FinderFactory.*

def ie = new IE()ie.start('http://localhost:8080/postForm')

// check page titleassert ie.title() == 'Welcome to SimpBlog'

// fill in query form and submit itie.textField(name, 'title').

set('Bart was here (and so was Watij)')ie.textField(name, 'content').set('Cowabunga dude!')ie.selectList(name, "category").

option(text, "Home").select()ie.button(name, 'btnPost').click()

...

...Watij: Testing New Blog Post...

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...

// check entered post is being displayedassert ie.htmlElement(tag, 'H1').text().

matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*')def h3headers = ie.htmlElements(tag, 'H3')assert h3headers.get(1).text() == 'Category: Home'assert h3headers.get(2).text() == 'Author: Bart'

// try a more advanced finder// content is at: //TABLE/TBODY/TR/TD/Pdef row = ie.htmlElement(xpath('//TABLE/TBODY/TR'))assert row.cell(0).htmlElement(tag, 'P').text() ==

'Cowabunga dude!'

ie.close()

...Watij: Testing New Blog Post

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Selenium...

• Description– Tools to help

automate testing

for web-based

applications

– Support for

running tests on

multiple browser

platforms

• Components– Selenium Core

– Selenium IDE

Selenium RC

– Selenium Grid

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Source: http://seleniumhq.org/projects/remote-control/

Our focus

...Selenium

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Source: http://seleniumhq.org/docs/01_introducing_selenium.html

Selenium: Testing New Blog Post...

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import com.thoughtworks.selenium.DefaultSeleniumimport org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumServer

// start auxiliary serverdef server = new SeleniumServer()server.start()

// uncomment one of below//def browser = "*iexplore"//def browser = "*firefox3" // if Firefox already in your path//def browser = "*firefox3 C:/Program Files/Mozilla Firefox/firefox.exe"def browser = "*firefox3 C:/Program Files (x86)/Mozilla Firefox/firefox.exe"

def selenium = new DefaultSelenium("localhost", 4444, browser,"http://localhost:8080")

selenium.start()

...

...Selenium: Testing New Blog Post

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...

// post blogselenium.open "/postForm"selenium.type "title", "Bart was here (and so was Selenium)"selenium.select "category", "Home"selenium.type "content", "Cowabunga Dude!"selenium.click "btnPost"selenium.waitForPageToLoad "5000"

// checksassert selenium.isTextPresent('regex:Post.*: Bart was here')assert selenium.isElementPresent('//h3[text()="Author: Bart"]')assert selenium.isElementPresent('//h3[text()="Category: Home"]')assert selenium.isElementPresent(

'//table//tr/td/p[text()="Cowabunga Dude!"]')

selenium.stop()server.stop()

Selenium IDE...

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Features:

• Easy record and playback

• Intelligent field selection will use

IDs, names, or XPath as needed

• Autocomplete for all common

Selenium commands

• Walk through tests

• Debug and set breakpoints

• Save tests as HTML, Ruby

scripts, or any other format

• Support for Selenium user-

extensions.js file

• Option to automatically assert the

title of every page

...Selenium IDE

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more info: http://limcheekin.blogspot.com/2009/07/behavior-driven-development-generating.html

Selenium Other Tools...

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...Selenium Other Tools...

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...Selenium Other Tools

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Source: http://selenium-grid.seleniumhq.org/how_it_works.html

WebDriver

• Description– Simple API to drive both real browsers

• for testing javascript heavy apps

– and a pure 'in memory' emulator solution

• for faster testing of simpler apps

• uses HtmlUnit under the covers in emulator mode

– Represents next generation of Selenium RC

• though merging into Selenium may happen under the covers

if you are a Selenium user

– Roadmap has plans to leverage some advanced

Selenium like features

• RemoteWebDriver

• FarmedWebDriver (think Selenium Grid)

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WebDriver: Testing New Blog Post...

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import org.openqa.selenium.Byimport org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver

def driver = new HtmlUnitDriver()driver.get('http://localhost:8080/postForm')assert driver.title == 'Welcome to SimpBlog'

// fill in query form and submit itdriver.findElement(By.name('title')).

sendKeys('Bart was here (and so was WebDriver)')driver.findElement(By.name('content')).

sendKeys('Cowabunga dude!')def select = driver.findElement(By.name('category'))select.findElements(By.tagName("option")).find{

it.text == 'Home' }.setSelected()driver.findElement(By.name('btnPost')).click()

...

...WebDriver: Testing New Blog Post

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...

assert driver.findElement(By.tagName("h1")).text.matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*')

def h3headers = driver.findElements(By.tagName("h3"))assert h3headers[1].text == 'Category: Home'assert h3headers[2].text == 'Author: Bart'

// try a more advanced finder// content is at: //TABLE/TBODY/TR/TD/Pdef row = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//table/tbody/tr"))def col = row.findElement(By.tagName("td"))def para = col.findElement(By.tagName("p"))assert para.text == 'Cowabunga dude!'

Tellurium

• Description– built on top of Selenium but tries to solve several

shortcomings

– "record and reply" style, difficult to refactor and

maintain, so instead define UI components

declaratively then write tests in terms of UI

– Provides many predefined UI objects for you to use

directly, such as Button, CheckBox, InputBox,

Selector, TextBox, and Table but also ability to write

your own custom UI objects

– Supports advanced locating mechanisms: composite

locator, "group locating"

– Supports testing DSL

– Supports data-driven tests

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Architecture

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Source: http://code.google.com/p/aost/wiki/Introduction

Tellurium Example

• Selenium:

• Tellurium UI:

• Tellurium DSL Test:

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selenium.type("//input[@title='Google Search']", input)selenium.click("//input[@name='btnG' and @type='submit']")

ui.Container(uid: "google_start_page",clocator: [tag: "td"], group: "true") {

InputBox(uid: "searchbox",clocator: [title: "Google Search"])

SubmitButton(uid: "googlesearch",clocator: [name: "btnG", value: "Google Search"])

}

type "google_start_page.searchbox", inputclick "google_start_page.googlesearch"

Tellurium: Testing New Blog Post...

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ui.UrlLink(uid: "create_new_post",clocator: [tag:'a', text: "New Blog Entry"])

ui.Form(uid: "blogform",clocator: [tag: 'form', name:'post'], group: "true") {

InputBox(uid: "title", clocator: [name: "title"])InputBox(uid: "content", clocator: [tag:'textarea', name: "content"])Selector(uid: "category", clocator: [name: "category"])Selector(uid: "author", clocator: [name: "author"])SubmitButton(uid: "post_button",

clocator: [name: 'btnPost', value: "Create Post"])}

ui.TextBox(uid: 'main_header', clocator: [tag: 'h1'])ui.TextBox(uid: 'category_header', clocator: [tag: 'h3', position: '2'])ui.TextBox(uid: 'author_header', clocator: [tag: 'h3', position: '3'])ui.Container(uid: 'table', clocator: [tag: 'table']) {

ui.TextBox(uid: 'content_para', locator: '//tr/td/p')}

...Tellurium: Testing New Blog Post

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openUrl "http://localhost:8080/"click "create_new_post"waitForPageToLoad 5000assert title == 'Welcome to SimpBlog'

// post blogtype "blogform.title", "Bart was here (and so was Tellurium)"selectByLabel "blogform.category", "Home"selectByLabel "blogform.author", "Bart"type "blogform.content", "Cowabunga Dude!"click "blogform.post_button"waitForPageToLoad 5000

// check contentsassert getText('main_header').matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*')assert getText('category_header') == 'Category: Home'assert getText('author_header') == 'Author: Bart'assert getText('table.content_para') == 'Cowabunga Dude!'shutDown

TrUMP IDE

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JWebUnit...

• Description– Java-based testing framework for web applications

– Intention is to provide a high-level "driver" Java API

– Wraps existing testing frameworks such as HtmlUnit

and Selenium with a unified, simple testing interface

– Support includes navigation via links, form entry and

submission, validation of table contents, and other

verification steps

– Includes some runner capabilities

– Useful in that it allows you to switch between

different lower level drivers without re-writing your

tests

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...JWebUnit

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Source: http://jwebunit.sourceforge.net/

JWebUnit: Testing New Blog Post

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import net.sourceforge.jwebunit.junit.*

class TestSimpBlog extends WebTestCase {void setUp() { setBaseUrl("http://localhost:8080") }

void testPostBlog() {beginAt "/postForm"assertTitleEquals "Welcome to SimpBlog"setTextField "title", "Bart was here (and so was JWebUnit)"setTextField "content", "Cowabunga Dude!"selectOption "category", "Home"clickButtonWithText "Create Post"assert getElementByXPath('//H1').textContent.matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*')

def h3headings = getElementsByXPath('//H3')assert h3headings[1].textContent == "Category: Home"assert h3headings[2].textContent == "Author: Bart"def cell = getElementByXPath('//TABLE//TR/TD')assert cell.children[0].textContent == 'Cowabunga Dude!'

}}

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• Groovy Intro



Test Runners– Native Groovy, JUnit, TestNG, Spock, EasyB, JBehave,

Cucumber, Robot Framework, FitNesse/Slim




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Native Groovy

• Groovy has a friendly ‘==‘

• Built-in assert

• Scripts are low ceremony

• By utilising @Grab are easy to share

• Many in-built testing capabilities are

accessible even from scripts

• Easy to version control or treat like

operating system scripts

• Out of the box detection of JUnit and

TestNG tests

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Built-in JUnit 3...

• Groovy distributions up to 1.6.X include JUnit 3

• Automatically invokes text runner

• Example uses HtmlUnit driverclass TestSimpBlogJUnit extends TestCase {def page

void setUp() {page = new WebClient().getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')assert 'Welcome to SimpBlog' == page.titleText

}

void testBartWasHere() {// fill in blog entry and post it

def form = page.getFormByName('post')form.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute('Bart was here (and so was form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find { it.text == 'Home'form.getTextAreaByName('content').setText('Cowabunga Dude!')def result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()

...

...Built-in JUnit 3...

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...def form = page.getFormByName('post')form.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute(

'Bart was here (and so was HtmlUnit)')form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find {

it.text == 'Home' }.setSelected(true)form.getTextAreaByName('content').setText('Cowabunga Dude!')def result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()

// check blog post detailsassert result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).

textContent.matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*')def h3headings = result.getElementsByTagName('h3')assert h3headings.item(1).textContent == 'Category: Home'assert h3headings.item(2).textContent == 'Author: Bart'

// expecting: <table><tr><td><p>Cowabunga Dude!</p></td></tr></table>def cell = result.getByXPath('//TABLE//TR/TD')[0]def para = cell.getFirstChild()assert para.textContent == 'Cowabunga Dude!'

}}

...Built-in JUnit 3

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GroovyTestCase Tests

• Like JUnit but with some enhancements– Additional assert methods

– fewer imports

– clean shouldFail syntax

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class TestSimpBlogGUnit extends GroovyTestCase {def page

void setUp() {// ...

}

void testBartWasHere() {// ...

...

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JUnit 4.X

import org.junit.*

class TestSimpBlogJUnit4 {def page

@Beforevoid setUp() {

// ...}

@Testvoid bartWasHere() {

// ...

• Groovy distributions from 1.7 include JUnit 4

• Automatically invokes text runner if needed

• Example uses HtmlUnit driver (not shown)

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JUnit 4.X Parameterized Tests

@RunWith(Parameterized)class TestSimpBlogJUnit4DD {

def page, author, title, category, content

TestSimpBlogJUnit4DD(author, title,category, content) {

this.author = authorthis.title = titlethis.category = categorythis.content = content

}

@Parameters static data() {return [

['Bart', 'Title 1', 'Home', 'Content 1'],['Homer', 'Title 2', 'Work', 'Content 2'],['Marge', 'Title 3', 'Food', 'Content 3']

].collect{ it as String[] }}

...

TestNG

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• Groovy automatically invokes text runner if run

as a script

• Example shows grouping, driver not shown

import org.testng.annotations.*

class TestSimpBlogTestNG {def page

@BeforeClassvoid setUp() {

// ...}

@Test(groups = [ "slow" ])void bartWasHere() {

// ...

TestNG Data Driven

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import org.testng.annotations.*

class TestSimpBlogTestNGDD {// ...

@DataProvider(name='SimpBlogDataProvider')Object[][] data() {

return [['Bart', 'Title 1', 'Home', 'Content 1'],['Homer', 'Title 2', 'Work', 'Content 2'],['Marge', 'Title 3', 'Food', 'Content 3']

].collect{ it as Object[] } as Object[]}

@Test(dataProvider = "SimpBlogDataProvider")void bartWasHere(author, title, category, content) {

// ...

Spock Testing Framework...

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...Spock Testing Framework

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• Testing framework for Java and Groovy

• Highly expressive specification language– No assertion API

– No record &

replay

mocking API

– No

superfluous

annotations

– Meaningful

assert error

messages

– Extensible

– Compatible

with JUnit

reportingwise

@Speck@RunWith(Sputnik)class PublisherSubscriberSpeck {def "events are received by all subscribers"() {def pub = new Publisher()def sub1 = Mock(Subscriber)def sub2 = Mock(Subscriber)pub.subscribers << sub1 << sub2

when:pub.send("event")

then:1 * sub1.receive("event")1 * sub2.receive("event")

}}

Spock Example...

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import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClientimport spock.lang.*import org.junit.runner.RunWith

@Speck ()@RunWith (Sputnik)class TestSimpBlogSpock {def page, subheadings, para, form, result

@Unroll("When #author posts a #category blog with content '#content' it should succeed"def "when creating a new blog entry"() {given:page = new WebClient().getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')form = page.getFormByName('post')

when:form.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute("$author was here (and so was Spock)"form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find { it.text == category }.form.getSelectByName('author').getOptions().find { it.text == author }.setSelectedform.getTextAreaByName('content').setText(content)result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()subheadings = result.getElementsByTagName('h3')para = result.getByXPath('//TABLE//TR/TD/P')[0]

...

...Spock Example

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...then:page.titleText == 'Welcome to SimpBlog'result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContent.matches("Post.*: $author was here.*"subheadings.item(1).textContent == "Category: $category"subheadings.item(2).textContent == "Author: $author"

and:para.textContent == content

where:author << ['Bart', 'Homer', 'Lisa']category << ['Home', 'Work', 'Food']content << ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']

}}

// Optional use of 'and:'

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EasyB

• Description: BDD, Rspec-like testing librarynarrative 'segment flown', {

as_a 'frequent flyer'i_want 'to accrue rewards points for every segment I fly'so_that 'I can receive free flights for my dedication to the airline'

}

scenario 'segment flown', {given 'a frequent flyer with a rewards balance of 1500 points'when 'that flyer completes a segment worth 500 points'then 'that flyer has a new rewards balance of 2000 points'

}

scenario 'segment flown', {given 'a frequent flyer with a rewards balance of 1500 points', {

flyer = new FrequentFlyer(1500)}when 'that flyer completes a segment worth 500 points', {

flyer.fly(new Segment(500))}then 'that flyer has a new rewards balance of 2000 points', {

flyer.pointsBalance.shouldBe 2000}

}

EasyB Example ...

• When run will be marked as pending– perfect for ATDD

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scenario "Bart posts a new blog entry", {given "we are on the create blog entry page"when "I have entered 'Bart was here' as the title"and "I have entered 'Cowabunga Dude!' into the content"and "I have selected 'Home' as the category"and "I have selected 'Bart' as the author"and "I click the 'Create Post' button"then "I expect the entry to be posted"

}

...EasyB Example...

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description "Post Blog Entry Feature"

narrative "for feature", {as_a "Blogger"i_want "to be able to post a blog"so_that "I can keep others informed"

}

before "posting blog", {given "we are on the create blog entry page", {

webClient = new com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient()page = webClient.getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')

}}

scenario "Bart was here blog", {

when "I have entered 'Bart was here' as the title", {form = page.getFormByName('post')form.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute(

'Bart was here (and so was EasyB)')}

...

...EasyB Example...

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...and "I have entered 'Cowabunga Dude!' into the content", {

form.getTextAreaByName('content').setText('Cowabunga Dude!')}

and "I have selected 'Home' as the category", {form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find { it.text == 'Home' }.setSelected(true

}

and "I click the 'Create Post' button", {result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()

}

then "I expect the entry to be posted", {// check blog post detailsassert result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContent.matches('Post.*: Bart was here.*'def h3headings = result.getElementsByTagName('h3')assert h3headings.item(1).textContent == 'Category: Home' // traditional styleh3headings.item(2).textContent.shouldBe 'Author: Bart' // BDD style

// expecting: <table><tr><td><p>Cowabunga Dude!</p></td></tr></table>def cell = result.getByXPath('//TABLE//TR/TD')[0]def para = cell.firstChildassert para.textContent == 'Cowabunga Dude!'// para.shouldHave textContent: 'Cowabunga Dude!'

}}

...EasyB Example...

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...EasyB Example

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2 scenarios (including 1 pending) executed successfully.

Story: simp blog initial

scenario Bart posts a new blog entry [PENDING]

given we are on the create blog entry page

when I have entered 'Bart was here' as the title

when I have entered 'Cowabunga Dude!' into the content [PENDING]

when I have selected 'Home' as the category [PENDING]

when I have selected 'Bart' as the author [PENDING]

when I click the 'Create Post' button [PENDING]

then I expect the entry to be posted [PENDING]

Story: simp blog

Post Blog Entry Feature

for feature

As a Blogger

I want to be able to post a blog

So that I can keep others informed

given we are on the create blog entry page

scenario Bart was here blog

when I have entered 'Bart was here' as the title

when I have entered 'Cowabunga Dude!' into the content

when I have selected 'Home' as the category

when I click the 'Create Post' button

then I expect the entry to be posted

easyb is preparing to process 2 file(s)

Running simp blog initial story (SimpBlogInitialStory.groovy)

Scenarios run: 1, Failures: 0, Pending: 1, Time elapsed: 1.049 sec

Running simp blog story (SimpBlogStory.groovy)

Scenarios run: 1, Failures: 0, Pending: 0, Time elapsed: 1.356 sec

2 total behaviors ran (including 1 pending behavior) with no failures

easyb execution passed

Cucumber• Description

– Loose coupling

between text spec

and step defns

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# language: enFeature: Addition

In order to avoid silly mistakesAs a math idiot I want to be told the sum of two numbers

Scenario Outline: Add two numbersGiven I have entered <input_1> into the calculatorAnd I have entered <input_2> into the calculatorWhen I press <button>Then the stored result should be <output>

Examples:| input_1 | input_2 | button | output || 20 | 30 | add | 50 || 2 | 5 | add | 7 || 0 | 40 | add | 40 |

# language: enFeature: DivisionIn order to avoid silly mistakesCashiers must be able to calculate a fraction

Scenario: Regular numbersGiven I have entered 3 into the calculatorAnd I have entered 2 into the calculatorWhen I press divideThen the stored result should be 1.5

Cucumber Example...

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# language: en

@newpost

Feature: New Blog Post

In order to create a new blog entry

Bloggers should be able to select their name and category and enter text

Scenario: New Posting

Given we are on the create blog entry page

When I have entered "Bart was here" as the title

And I have entered "Cowabunga Dude!" as the content

And I have selected "Home" from the "category" dropdown

And I have selected "Bart" from the "author" dropdown

And I click the 'Create Post' button

Then I should see a heading message matching "Post.*: Bart was here.*"

...Cucumber Example...

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...Cucumber Example

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import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClientthis.metaClass.mixin(cuke4duke.GroovyDsl)

Given ~/we are on the create blog entry page/, { ->page = new WebClient().getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')

}

When(~/I have entered "(.*)" as the title/) {String title ->form = page.getFormByName('post')form.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute(title + ' (and so was Cucumber)')

}

When(~'I have entered "(.*)" as the content') {String content ->form.getTextAreaByName('content').setText(content)

}

When(~'I have selected "(.*)" from the "(.*)" dropdown') {String option, String name ->form.getSelectByName(name).getOptions().find {

it.text == option }.setSelected(true)}

When(~"I click the 'Create Post' button") { ->result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()

}

Then(~'I should see a heading message matching "(.*)"') {String pattern ->// ensureThat result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContent.matches(pattern)

assert result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContent.matches(pattern)}

Cucumber Data Driven Example...

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# language: en@newpostFeature: New Blog PostIn order to create a new blog entryBloggers should be able to select their name and category and enter text

Scenario Outline: New PostingGiven we are on the create blog entry pageWhen I have entered "<title>" as the titleAnd I have entered "<content>" as the contentAnd I have selected "<category>" from the "category" dropdownAnd I have selected "<author>" from the "author" dropdownAnd I click the 'Create Post' buttonThen I should see a heading message matching "Post.*: <title>.*"

Examples:| title | content | category | author || Title 1 | Content 1 | Home | Bart || Title 2 | Content 2 | Work | Homer || Title 3 | Content 3 | Food | Marge |

...Cucumber Data Driven Example

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JBehave

• Description– Behaviour-driven development in Java

• Also works out of the box for Groovy

– Behavior scenarios written in text

• Use the words Given, When, Then and And.

– Mapped using regular expressions and annotations

to step methods

– Web Runner available for non-technical users to

easily run tests

– Hooks to Selenium available in JBehave Web

• Other Java libraries (e.g. HtmlUnit) easy to use too

– Supports parameter converters

• Getting 'String' parameters into appropriate Object values

– Supports a 'StepDoc' function

• For listing available scenario clausesAJUG_SEP2009 - 119

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JBehave Example...

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Given we are on the create blog entry pageWhen I have entered "Bart was here" as the titleAnd I have entered "Cowabunga Dude!" as the contentAnd I have selected "Home" from the "category" dropdownAnd I have selected "Bart" from the "author" dropdownAnd I click the 'Create Post' buttonThen I should see a heading message matching "Post.*: Bart was here.*"

import org.jbehave.scenario.Scenarioimport org.jbehave.scenario.steps.Steps

class NewPostScenario extends Scenario {NewPostScenario() {

super([new CreateBlogSteps()] as Steps[])}

}Scenario:

Given we are on the create blog entry page

When I have entered "Bart was here" as the title

And I have entered "Cowabunga Dude!" as the content

And I have selected "Home" from the "category" dropdown

And I have selected "Bart" from the "author" dropdown

And I click the 'Create Post' button

Then I should see a heading message matching "Post.*: Bart was here.*"

...JBehave Example...

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import org.jbehave.scenario.steps.Stepsimport org.jbehave.scenario.annotations.*import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient

class CreateBlogSteps extends Steps {def page, form, result

@Given("we are on the create blog entry page")void gotoEntryPage() {

page = new WebClient().getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')}

@When('I have entered "$title" as the title')void enterTitle(String title) {

form = page.getFormByName('post')form.getInputByName('title').

setValueAttribute(title + ' (and so was JBehave)')}

@When('I have entered "$content" as the content')void enterContent(String content) {

form.getTextAreaByName('content').setText(content)}

...

Example uses HtmlUnit which must be added to CLASSPATH

...JBehave Example

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...@When('I have selected "$option" from the "$name" dropdown')void selectOption(String option, String name) {

form.getSelectByName(name).getOptions().find {it.text == option }.setSelected(true)

}

@When("I click the 'Create Post' button")void clickPostButton() {

result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()}

@Then('I should see a heading message matching "$message"')void checkPost(String pattern) {

assert result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContent.matches(pattern)

}}

...void checkPost(String pattern) {

ensureThat result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContent.matches(pattern)

}...

Choose either traditional

style or BDD style

JBehave Web Runner...

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...JBehave Web Runner

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Hacked* "JBehave Aware" GroovyConsole

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* Not currently publically available

Robot Framework...

• Description– Keyword-driven test automation framework

for acceptance level testing and acceptance

test-driven development (ATDD)

– Easy to use tabular syntax for creating test

– Easy to use test libraries implemented either with

Python or Java

– Open source, Apache License 2.0

– Supports creating data-driven test cases.

– Provides tagging to categorize and select test cases

to be executed

– Provides easy-to-read reports and logs in HTML

format

– XML-RPC interface for remote testing

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...Robot Framework...

• Tabular tests / Executable Specs– In HTML or Text

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***Settings***

Library OperatingSystem

***Variables***

${MESSAGE} Hello, world!

***Test Cases***

My Test [Documentation] Example test

Log ${MESSAGE}

My Keyword /tmp

Another Test

Should Be Equal ${MESSAGE} Hello, world!

***Keywords***

My Keyword [Arguments] ${path}

Directory Should Exist ${path}


• Reporting

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• Reporting

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• Tools

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Robot Framework Example...

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***Test Cases***

Submit postGiven we are on the create blog entry pageWhen I have entered "Bart was here" as the titleAnd I have entered "Cowabunga Dude!" as the contentAnd I have selected "Home" from the "category" dropdownAnd I have selected "Bart" from the "author" dropdownAnd I click the 'Create Post' buttonThen I should see a heading message matching "Post.*: Bart was here.*"

***Keywords***

Given we are on the create blog entry pageOpen Browser http://localhost:8080/postForm ${BROWSER}# Set Selenium Speed ${DELAY}Title Should Be Welcome to SimpBlog

When I have entered "${text}" as the titleInput Text title ${text}

...

First look at the Python version using Selenium

...Robot Framework Example

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...

And I have entered "${text}" as the contentInput Text content ${text}

And I have selected "${option}" from the "${list}" dropdownSelect From List ${list} ${option}

And I click the 'Create Post' buttonClick Button btnPost

Then I should see a heading message matching "${expected}"${text} = Get Text xpath=//h1Should Match Regexp ${text} ${expected}

***Settings***Library ${LIBRARY}Test Teardown Close Browser

***Variables***${BROWSER} *firefox3 C:/Program Files (x86)/Mozilla Firefox/firefox.exe${DELAY} 0${LIBRARY} SeleniumLibrary

Robot Framework with Groovy...

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***Settings***Library Remote localhost:8270 WITH NAME Groovy

***Test Case***Multiple Blog PostsPost Bart Home Title 1 Content 1Post Homer Work Title 2 Content 2Post Marge Food Title 3 Content 3

Pybot

RunnerTestCase.txt

Groovy

XML RPC

Server

Groovy/Java

Driver

XML-RPC

...Robot Framework with Groovy...

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import groovy.net.xmlrpc.*import java.net.ServerSocketimport com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient

def server = new XMLRPCServer()server.get_keyword_names = { ["Post"] }server.get_keyword_documentation = { "" }server.get_keyword_arguments = { ["*args"] }server.run_keyword = { name, args ->

assert name == 'Post'def (author, category, title, content) = argsdef client = new WebClient()def page = client.getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')assert 'Welcome to SimpBlog' == page.titleTextdef form = page.getFormByName('post')form.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute("$title (entered with Robot Framework)")form.getSelectByName('author').getOptions().find{ it.text == author }.setSelected(true)form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find{ it.text == category }.setSelected(true)form.getTextAreaByName('content').setText(content)def result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()assert result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContent.matches("Post.*: $title.*")def h3headings = result.getElementsByTagName('h3')assert h3headings.item(1).textContent == "Category: $category"assert h3headings.item(2).textContent == "Author: $author"def para = result.getByXPath('//TABLE//TR/TD/P')[0]assert para.textContent == contentreturn [status:'PASS', output:"$name $args", error:'bad arg']

}

def serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8270)server.startServer(serverSocket)

In the future, a generic version of this file may be possible

...Robot Framework with Groovy...

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...Robot Framework with Groovy

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FitNesse/SLIM

• Description– Tool for enhancing collaboration

in software development

– Allows customers,

developers and

testers to easily

create and run

tests to compare

expected with

actual results

– Tests are captured

in wiki format and

mapped into code

using fixtures

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Source: http://fitnesse.org/

SLIM with Groovy...

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...SLIM with Groovy

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package simpblog

import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient

class NewBlogPost {String author, title, content, categoryprivate resultdef execute() {

def client = new WebClient()def page = client.getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')assert 'Welcome to SimpBlog' == page.titleTextdef form = page.getFormByName('post')form.getInputByName('title').

setValueAttribute("$title (entered with Robot Framework)")form.getSelectByName('author').getOptions().find{

it.text == author }.setSelected(true)form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find{

it.text == category }.setSelected(true)form.getTextAreaByName('content').setText(content)result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()

}def mainHeading() {

def m = result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContent =~/Post .*: (.*) $[^)]*$/

m[0][1]}

}

Example uses HtmlUnit to call SimpBlog web site but those details aren't important here


• Groovy Intro




Non-web Drivers– SOAP/REST, Database, FEST, ...



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Better SQL Manipulation...

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import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.DriverManager;import java.sql.Statement;import java.sql.ResultSet;import java.sql.SQLException;

public class JdbcJava {public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {String driver = "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver";String url = "jdbc:hsqldb:file:EMPDB";String username = "sa"; String password = "";Class.forName(driver);return DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);

}

public static void main(String[] args) {Connection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;ResultSet rs = null;try {conn = getConnection();stmt = conn.createStatement();String query ="select id, lastname, firstname from Employees";

rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);while (rs.next()) {System.out.println(rs.getString("id") +": " + rs.getString("firstname") +" " + rs.getString("lastname"));

}}catch (Exception e) {// handle the exceptione.printStackTrace();System.err.println(e.getMessage());

}// ...

// ...finally {// release database resourcesclose(rs); // close the ResultSetclose(stmt); // close the Statementclose(conn); // close the Connection

}}

private static void close(ResultSet rs) {try {if (rs != null) rs.close();

} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();

}}

private static void close(Statement st) {try {if (st != null) st.close();


}}

private static void close(Connection cn) {try {if (cn != null) cn.close();


}}

}

...Better SQL Manipulation...

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import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.DriverManager;import java.sql.Statement;import java.sql.ResultSet;import java.sql.SQLException;

public class JdbcJava {public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {String driver = "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver";String url = "jdbc:hsqldb:file:EMPDB";String username = "sa"; String password = "";Class.forName(driver);return DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);

}

public static void main(String[] args) {Connection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;ResultSet rs = null;try {conn = getConnection();stmt = conn.createStatement();String query ="select id, lastname, firstname from Employees";

rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);while (rs.next()) {System.out.println(rs.getString("id") +": " + rs.getString("firstname") +" " + rs.getString("lastname"));

}}catch (Exception e) {// handle the exceptione.printStackTrace();System.err.println(e.getMessage());

}// ...

// ...finally {// release database resourcesclose(rs); // close the ResultSetclose(stmt); // close the Statementclose(conn); // close the Connection

}}

private static void close(ResultSet rs) {try {if (rs != null) rs.close();


}}

private static void close(Statement st) {try {if (st != null) st.close();


}}

private static void close(Connection cn) {try {if (cn != null) cn.close();


}}

}

boilerplate

...Better SQL Manipulation

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import groovy.sql.Sql

def url = 'jdbc:hsqldb:file:EMPDB'def username = 'sa'def password = ''def driver = 'org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver'

def db = Sql.newInstance(url, username, password, driver)

db.eachRow("SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM Employees") {println "$it.id: $it.firstname $it.lastname"

}

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More Details: Working with Databases

• Using standard SQL statements

• Using DataSets


def foo = 'cheese'def db = Sql.newInstance("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb",

"user", "pswd", "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")

db.eachRow("select * from FOOD where type=${foo}") {println "Gromit likes ${it.name}"

}


def db = Sql.newInstance("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb","user", "pswd", "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")

def food = db.dataSet('FOOD')def cheese = food.findAll { it.type == 'cheese' }cheese.each { println "Gromit likes ${it.name}" }

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WebTest testing Web Sitesdef ant = new AntBuilder()

def webtest_home = System.properties.'webtest.home'

ant.taskdef(resource:'webtest.taskdef') {

classpath {

pathelement(location:"$webtest_home/lib")

fileset(dir:"$webtest_home/lib", includes:"**/*.jar")

}

}

def config_map = [:]

['protocol','host','port','basepath','resultfile',

'resultpath', 'summary', 'saveresponse','defaultpropertytype'].each {

config_map[it] = System.properties['webtest.'+it]

}

ant.testSpec(name:'groovy: Test Groovy Scripting at creation time') {

config(config_map)

steps {

invoke(url:'linkpage.html')

for (i in 1..10) {

verifyText(description:"verify number ${i} is on pages", text:"${i}")

}

}

}

WebTest testing Emails

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def ant = new AntBuilder()

def webtest_home = System.properties.'webtest.home'

ant.taskdef(resource:'webtest.taskdef'){

classpath(){

pathelement(location:"$webtest_home/lib")

fileset(dir:"$webtest_home/lib", includes:"**/*.jar")

}

}

ant.testSpec(name:'Email Test'){

steps {

emailSetConfig(server:'localhost', password:'password',

username:'[email protected]', type:'pop3')

emailStoreMessageId(subject:'/Build notification/',

property:'msg')

emailStoreHeader(property:'subject',

messageId:'#{msg}', headerName:'Subject')

groovy('''def subject = step.webtestProperties.subject

assert subject.startsWith('Build notification')''')

emailMessageContentFilter(messageId:'#{msg}')

verifyText(text:'Failed build')

}

}

SOAP Client and Server

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class MathService {double add(double a, double b) {

a + b}double square(double c) {

c * c}

}

import groovy.net.soap.SoapServer

def server = new SoapServer('localhost', 6789)server.setNode('MathService')server.start()

import groovy.net.soap.SoapClient

def math = new SoapClient('http://localhost:6789/MathServiceInterface?wsdl')

assert math.add(1.0, 2.0) == 3.0

assert math.square(3.0) == 9.0

FEST• Description

– Framework for testing Swing GUIs (among other things)

– Simulation of user interaction with a GUI (e.g. mouse / keyboard input)

– Reliable GUI component lookup• by type, by name or custom search criteria

– Support for all Swing components included in the JDK

– Compact and powerful API for creation and maintenance of functional

GUI tests

– Regular expression matching

– Supports Applet testing

– Ability to embed screenshots of failed GUI tests in HTML test reports

– Can be used with either TestNG or JUnit

– Supports testing violations of Swing's threading rules

– Experimental Groovy Builder support (coming soon!)

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dialog.comboBox("domain").select("Users")dialog.textBox("username").enterText("leia.organa")dialog.button("login").click()dialog.optionPane().requireErrorMessage()

.requireMessage("Please enter your .*")

...SoapUI

• Tool for testing Web Services has a built-

in Groovy editor for custom steps

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iTest2

• Tool for recording, refactoring and

running watir style tests

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We have had success cutting and pasting recorded test steps – using metaprogramming to map to Groovy testing DSL

Sahi...• Description

– Tool for recording and running web tests

• Features– Supports in-browser controls (cross-platform/browser)

– Ability to add assertions (check points) for validation

– Text based programmable scripts with ability to

• parametrize variables

• re-factor into functions

• organize and include other scripts

– Can run scripts in batch mode for automated testing

– Command line and ant integration

– Automatic html reporting with error logs

– Easily extensible via simple javascript

– Support for data-driven testing

– Multi-threaded playback

– HTTP, HTTPS and AJAX support

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...Sahi

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We have had success cutting and

pasting recorded test steps – using

metaprogramming to map to Groovy

testing DSL

Further Info:

http://sahi.co.in/w/

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JMeter

• What is Apache JMeter?– Java desktop application designed to load test

functional behavior and measure performance

– Originally designed for testing Web Applications but

has since expanded to other test functions

Performance Testing

JMeter can call out to Groovy – reusing your functional tests

JMeter Case Study...

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Part 1: Native JMeter Tests

* No JavaScript

* No reuse of functional tests

...JMeter Case Study...

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Further details about Statistical Aggregate plugin: http://rubenlaguna.com/wp/better-jmeter-graphs/


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Part 2: JMeter Groovy JUnitTests

* Reuse functional tests

import junit.framework.TestCase

class TestSimpBlogJUnit extends TestCase {static lisaPostAndCheck = nullstatic bartPostAndCheck = nullstatic String script = '''@Grab('net.sourceforge.htmlunit:htmlunit:2.5')import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClientdef page = new WebClient().getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')def form = page.getFormByName('post')form.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute(title)form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find { it.text == category }.setSelected(true)form.getSelectByName('author').getOptions().find { it.text == author }.setSelected(true)form.getTextAreaByName('content').setText(content)def result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()def titleResult = result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContentdef h3headings = result.getElementsByTagName('h3')def categoryResult = h3headings.item(1).textContentdef authorResult = h3headings.item(2).textContentdef para = result.getByXPath('//TABLE//TR/TD/P')[0]def contentResult = para.textContentreturn new ResultHolder(titleResult, contentResult, authorResult, categoryResult)'''void setUp() {

lisaPostAndCheck = setUpBlogger(lisaPostAndCheck, 'Lisa', "I'm Hungry", "Food")bartPostAndCheck = setUpBlogger(bartPostAndCheck, 'Bart', "Don't have a cow dude", "Home")

}...


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...private setUpBlogger(orig, blogger, content, category) {

if (orig) return origdef result = new GroovyShell().parse(script)def binding = new Binding()binding.setVariable('title', blogger + ' was here (and so was JMeter)')binding.setVariable('content', content)binding.setVariable('author', blogger)binding.setVariable('category', category)result.binding = bindingresult

}

void testBartWasHere() {def result = bartPostAndCheck.run()assert result.title.contains('Bart was here')

}

void testLisaWasHere() {def result = lisaPostAndCheck.run()assert result.title.contains('Lisa was here')

}}

class ResultHolder {String title, content, author, categoryResultHolder(String title, String content, String author, String category) {

this.title = titlethis.content = contentthis.author = authorthis.category = category

}}


• Groovy Intro






Going beyond– Polyglot, Model-driven, Constraint/logic languages, Concurrency

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All Combinations

• Description– Don't have a bunch

of hard-coded, hard

to maintain manual

test data or even

manually generated

CSV file

– Much better to

generate test cases

from succinct

expressions of

what you are trying

to achieve

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[['MacOS', 'Linux', 'Vista'],['2G', '4G', '6G', '8G'],['250G', '350G', '500G']

].combinations().each{os, mem, disk ->test(os, mem, disk)

}

test('MacOS', '4G', '250G')test('Linux', '4G', '250G')test('Vista', '4G', '250G')test('MacOS', '8G', '500G')test('Linux', '8G', '500G')test('Vista', '8G', '500G')// 30 more rows

All Combinations Case Study

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def combos = [["Bart", "Homer", "Marge", "Lisa", "Maggie"],["Work", "School", "Home", "Travel", "Food"],["foo", "bar", "baz"]].combinations()

println "Found ${combos.size()} combos"combos.each { author, category, content ->

postAndCheck category, author, content}

def postAndCheck(String category, String author, String content) {// ...// details not shown (ran with HtmlUnit)// ...

}

Found 75 combos

All Pairs

• Description– Sometimes

called

pairwise

testing or

orthogonal

array testing

– Technique

to limit the

explosion of test cases by identifying samples of

important classes of test cases (equivalence classes)

• providing maximum coverage with minimum testing

– Instead of all combinations, systematically use pair-

wise combinations of interactions between objects

• as most faults result from adverse two-way interactions

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All Pairs Case Study...

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class AllPairs {private initialResults, results, rest

private buildPairs(Map partialCombinations, inputsLeft) {def first = getFirstEntry(inputsLeft)def partialResults = []first.value.each {

def next = [(first.key): it]getFirstEntry(next)next.putAll(partialCombinations)partialResults << next

}if (inputsLeft.size() == 1) {

initialResults.addAll(partialResults)} else {

partialResults.each {def rest = inputsLeft.clone()rest.remove(first.key)buildPairs(it, rest)

}}

}

private adjustPairs() {results = initialResults.clone()initialResults.each {

def restResults = results.clone()restResults.remove(it)if (allPairsCovered(it, restResults)) {

results.remove(it)}

}}

...

...private getFirstEntry(Map map) {

return map.entrySet().toList().get(0)}

private getAllPairsFromMap(map) {if (!map || map.size() <= 1) return nulldef allPairs = new HashSet()def first = getFirstEntry(map)def restMap = map.clone()restMap.remove(first.key)restMap.each {

def nextPair = new HashSet()nextPair << firstnextPair << itallPairs << nextPair

}def restPairs = getAllPairsFromMap(rest)if (restPairs != null) {

allPairs.addAll(restPairs)}return allPairs

}...

Details here not important:

Given here for completeness as this

library is not publically available yet

...All Pairs Case Study...

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...private boolean allPairsCovered(candidate, remaining) {

def totalCount = 0def pairCombos = getAllPairsFromMap(candidate)pairCombos.each {candidatePair ->

def pairFound = falsedef pairs = candidatePair.toList()for (it in remaining) {

def entries = it.entrySet()if (!pairFound && entries.contains(pairs[0]) && entries.contains(pairs[1])) {

pairFound = truetotalCount++

}}

}return (totalCount == pairCombos.size())

}

private updateUsedPairs(map) {getAllPairsFromMap(map).each { usedPairs << it }

}

def generate(configurations) {initialResults = new HashSet()results = new HashSet()buildPairs([:], configurations)adjustPairs()results

}}

Details here not important:

Given here for completeness as this

library is not publically available yet

...All Pairs Case Study...

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def pairs = new AllPairs().generate(author: ["Bart", "Homer", "Marge", "Lisa", "Maggie"],category: ["Work", "School", "Home", "Travel", "Food"],content: ["foo", "bar", "baz"])

println "Found ${pairs.size()} pairs"pairs.each {

println it // just for debugging purposespostAndCheck it.category, it.author, it.content

}

def postAndCheck(String category, String author, String content) {// ...// details not shown (ran with HtmlUnit)// ...

}

...All Pairs Case Study

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Found 18 pairs[content:bar, category:Food, author:Bart][content:bar, category:School, author:Homer][content:foo, category:Work, author:Bart][content:baz, category:School, author:Homer][content:bar, category:Home, author:Maggie][content:foo, category:School, author:Marge][content:bar, category:Work, author:Bart][content:baz, category:Travel, author:Bart][content:foo, category:Home, author:Homer][content:bar, category:Travel, author:Marge][content:baz, category:Work, author:Homer][content:bar, category:Travel, author:Lisa][content:baz, category:Travel, author:Maggie][content:baz, category:Home, author:Marge][content:baz, category:Food, author:Homer][content:baz, category:Travel, author:Lisa][content:foo, category:Food, author:Maggie][content:foo, category:Travel, author:Lisa]

gpars/GParallelizer...

• Description– Library classes and DSL sugar providing intuitive

ways for Groovy developers to handle tasks

concurrently. Four logical parts:

• Actors provide a Groovy implementation of Scala-like

actors, both thread-bound actors and thread pool-

bound (event-driven) ones

• Dataflow Concurrency allows for very natural shared-

memory concurrency model, based on single-

assignment variables

• Asynchronizer extends the Java 1.5 built-in support

for executor services to enable multi-threaded

collection and closure processing

• Parallelizer uses JSR-166y Parallel Arrays to enable

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...gpars/GParallelizer...

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// run multiple closures in parallelAsynchronizer.withAsynchronizer {

assert [10, 20] == AsyncInvokerUtil.doInParallel({calculateA()},{calculateB()}

)}

// multiply numbers asynchronouslyParallelizer.withParallelizer(5) {

final List result = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].collectAsync {it * 2}assert ([2, 4, 6, 8, 10].equals(result))

}

...gpars/GParallelizer...

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// support for dataflow to avoid doing synchronisationimport static org.gparallelizer.dataflow.DataFlow.thread

final def x = new DataFlowVariable()final def y = new DataFlowVariable()final def z = new DataFlowVariable()

thread {z << x.val + y.valprintln "Result: ${z.val}"

}

thread { x << 10 }

thread { y << 5 }

...gpars/GParallelizer

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// actor supportimport static org.gparallelizer.actors.pooledActors.PooledActors.*

def me = actor {friend.send('Hi')react(10.seconds) {

// continue conversation}

}me.metaClass.onTimeout = {->friend.send('I see, busy as usual. Never mind.')}me.start()

gpars and SimpBlog

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@Grab('net.sourceforge.htmlunit:htmlunit:2.6')import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient@Grab('org.gparallelizer:GParallelizer:0.8.3')import static org.gparallelizer.Parallelizer.*

def testCases = [['Home', 'Bart', 'Content 1'],['Work', 'Homer', 'Content 2'],['Travel', 'Marge', 'Content 3'],['Food', 'Lisa', 'Content 4']

]

withParallelizer(3) {testCases.eachAsync{ category, author, content ->

postAndCheck category, author, content}

}

private postAndCheck(category, author, content) {...

Note:

Testing

DSL makes

tests more

readable

Native Groovy Versions also possible

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@Grab('net.sourceforge.htmlunit:htmlunit:2.6')import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient

Thread.start {postAndCheck 'Home', 'Bart', 'Content 1'

}Thread.start {

postAndCheck 'Work', 'Homer', 'Content 2'}Thread.start {

postAndCheck 'Travel', 'Marge', 'Content 3'}Thread.start {

postAndCheck 'Food', 'Lisa', 'Content 4'}

private postAndCheck(category, author, content) {...

Or use:

ant.parallel {

//...

}

Or use:

"command".execute()

Constraint/Logic Programming...

• Description– Style of programming where relations between

variables are stated in the form of constraints

– First made popular by logic programming languages

such as Prolog but the style is now also used outside

logic programming specific languages

– Constraints differ from the common primitives of

other programming languages in that they do not

specify one or more steps to execute but rather the

properties of a solution to be found

– Popular libraries used with Groovy supporting

constraint programming include Gecode/J, Choco

and tuProlog

– We'll look at Choco as an example

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...Constraint/Logic Programming...

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// requires choco 2.1.0-basic.jar from http://choco.emn.fr/import static choco.Choco.*import choco.kernel.model.variables.integer.IntegerVariable

def m = new choco.cp.model.CPModel()def s = new choco.cp.solver.CPSolver()

def menu = ['Mixed fruit' : 215,'French fries' : 275,'Side salad' : 335,'Hot wings' : 355,'Mozzarella sticks' : 420,'Sampler plate' : 580

]def numOrdered = new IntegerVariable[menu.size()]def priceEach = new int[menu.size()]def sum = 1505...

Found a solution:7 * Mixed fruit

Found a solution:1 * Mixed fruit2 * Hot wings1 * Sampler plate

...Constraint/Logic Programming

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...menu.eachWithIndex { name, price, i ->

// number ordered >= 0// number ordered * price <= sumnumOrdered[i] = makeIntVar(name, 0, sum.intdiv(price))priceEach[i] = price

}m.addConstraint(eq(scalar(numOrdered, priceEach), sum))s.read(m)

def more = s.solve()while (more) {

println "Found a solution:"numOrdered.each {

def v = s.getVar(it)if (v.val) println " $v.val * $v.name"

}more = s.nextSolution()

}

SimpBlog Case Study...

• You have been asked to set up some test

cases representing the Simpsons weekly

blogging habits

• After some careful study you observe the

following strange behavior– They never blog on the same day

– Marge blogs only on a Saturday or Sunday

– Maggie blogs only on a Tuesday or Thursday

– Lisa blogs only on a Monday, Wednesday or Friday

– Bart blogs only on the day after Lisa

– Homer only blogs if noone else blogged the previous

day and doesn't allow anyone to blog the next day

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...SimpBlog Case Study...

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// requires choco 2.1.0-basic.jar from http://choco.emn.fr/import static choco.Choco.*

def m = new choco.cp.model.CPModel()def s = new choco.cp.solver.CPSolver()

daysOfWeek = ["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday","Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"]

def bart = makeIntVar('Bart', 0, 6)def homer = makeIntVar('Homer', 0, 6)def marge = makeIntVar('Marge', 0, 6)def lisa = makeIntVar('Lisa', 0, 6)def maggie = makeIntVar('Maggie', 0, 6)def simpsons = [bart, homer, marge, lisa, maggie]...

...SimpBlog Case Study...

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...

// They never blog on the same dayfor (i in 0..<simpsons.size())

for (j in 0..<i) m.addConstraint(neq(simpsons[i], simpsons[j]))

// Marge blogs only on a Saturday or Sundaym.addConstraint(or(eq(marge, 0), eq(marge, 6)))

// Maggie blogs only on a Tuesday or Thursdaym.addConstraint(or(eq(maggie, 2), eq(maggie, 4)))

// Lisa blogs only on a Monday, Wednesday or Fridaym.addConstraint(or(eq(lisa, 1), eq(lisa, 3), eq(lisa, 5)))

// Bart blogs only on the day after Lisam.addConstraint(eq(plus(lisa, 1), bart))

// Homer only blogs if noone else blogged the previous// day and doesn't allow anyone to blog the next daym.addConstraint(and(distanceNEQ(homer, marge, 1),

distanceNEQ(homer, bart, 1),distanceNEQ(homer, maggie, 1),distanceNEQ(homer, lisa, 1)))

...

...SimpBlog Case Study

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...

s.read(m)def more = s.solve()if (!more) println "No Solutions Found"else println pad("Solutions:") +

simpsons.collect{ pad(it.name) }.join()while (more) {

print pad("")println simpsons.collect {

def v = s.getVar(it)pad(daysOfWeek[v.val])

}.join()more = s.nextSolution()

}

def pad(s) { s.padRight(12) }

Solutions: Bart Homer Marge Lisa Maggie Thursday Saturday Sunday Wednesday Tuesday Tuesday Saturday Sunday Monday Thursday Saturday Tuesday Sunday Friday Thursday Thursday Sunday Saturday Wednesday Tuesday

Polyglot Programming...

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@Grab('org.clojure:clojure:1.0.0')import clojure.lang.Compilerimport clojure.lang.RT

def src = new File('temp.clj')src.text = '''(ns groovy)(defn factorial [n]

(if (< n 2)1(* n (factorial (- n 1))))

'''

src.withReader { reader ->Compiler.load reader

}

def fac = RT.var('groovy', 'factorial')println fac.invoke(4)

...def jy = getEngine("jython")jy?.eval('''def factorial(n):

i=fact=1while i <= n:

fact=fact*ii=i+1

return fact

result = factorial(4)''')println jy?.result

...Polyglot Programming

• But so what?– I can use Groovy for Scripting my

environment and or leveraging its runners

and other testing capabilities

– I can call out to other languages when needed

• Cucumber via JRuby for more native control

• Watir instead of Watij

• ScalaCheck for test data generation

• Jython for Robot Framework for more native

control

• Rhino for JavaScript testing

• Rules engine integration

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ModelJUnit...

• Description– Supports model-based testing

– Allows you to write simple finite

state machine (FSM) models or

extended finite state machine

(EFSM) models in Java or Groovy

– You can then generate tests from

those models and measure various

model coverage metrics

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...ModelJUnit...

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// require modeljunit.jarimport nz.ac.waikato.modeljunit.coverage.*import nz.ac.waikato.modeljunit.*

class VendingMachineModel implements FsmModel {def state = 0 // 0,25,50,75,100void reset(boolean testing) {state = 0}

boolean vendGuard() {state == 100}@Action void vend() {state = 0}

boolean coin25Guard() {state <= 75}@Action void coin25() {state += 25}

boolean coin50Guard() {state <= 50}@Action void coin50() {state += 50}

}

def tester = new RandomTester(new VendingMachineModel())tester.buildGraph()def metrics = [new ActionCoverage(), new StateCoverage(),

new TransitionCoverage(), new TransitionPairCoverage()]metrics.each { tester.addCoverageMetric it }

tester.addListener "verbose"tester.generate 20

println '\nMetrics Summary:'tester.printCoverage()

...ModelJUnit...

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...

done (0, coin50, 50)done (50, coin25, 75)done (75, coin25, 100)done Random reset(true)done (0, coin50, 50)done (50, coin25, 75)done (75, coin25, 100)done (100, vend, 0)done (0, coin50, 50)done (50, coin50, 100)done (100, vend, 0)done (0, coin25, 25)done (25, coin25, 50)done Random reset(true)done (0, coin50, 50)done (50, coin25, 75)done (75, coin25, 100)done (100, vend, 0)done (0, coin50, 50)done (50, coin25, 75)...

...

Metrics Summary:action coverage: 3/3state coverage: 5/5transition coverage: 7/8transition-pair coverage: 8/12...

ModelJUnit: SimpBlog Case Study...

• Does the order in which form information

is entered affect the application?– Could AJAX effects be causing unexpected results?

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// require modeljunit.jar, htmlunit.jarimport nz.ac.waikato.modeljunit.coverage.*import nz.ac.waikato.modeljunit.*import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient

class SimpBlogModel implements FsmModel {

boolean authorSelected = falseboolean categorySelected = falseboolean titleEntered = falseboolean contentEntered = falseint count = 0def client, page, form

// Special known method, allows equivalence class definition// example states: __ __ __ __, AU __ __ __, AU CA TI COdef getState() {"${authorSelected ? ' AU ' : ' __ '}${categorySelected ? ' CA ' : ' __ '}" +"${titleEntered ? ' TI ' : ' __ '}${contentEntered ? ' CO ' : ' __ '}"

}...

...void reset(boolean testing) {authorSelected = falsecategorySelected = falsetitleEntered = falsecontentEntered = falseclient = new WebClient()page = client.getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')assert 'Welcome to SimpBlog' == page.titleTextform = page.getFormByName('post')

}...

...ModelJUnit: SimpBlog Case Study...

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...boolean "enter title Guard"() { !titleEntered }

@Action void "enter title "() { titleEntered = trueform.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute("Title ${count++}")

}

boolean enterContentGuard() { !contentEntered }

@Action void enterContent() { contentEntered = trueform.getTextAreaByName('content').setText("Content ${count++}")

}

boolean chooseAuthorGuard() { !authorSelected }

@Action void chooseAuthor() { authorSelected = true // simple version just Lisaform.getSelectByName('author').getOptions().find{ it.text == 'Lisa' }.setSelected(true)

}

boolean pickCategoryGuard() { !categorySelected }

@Action void pickCategory() { categorySelected = true // simple version just Homeform.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find{ it.text == 'Home' }.setSelected(true)

}

boolean "submit post Guard"() { categorySelected && authorSelected &&titleEntered && contentEntered }

@Action void "submit post "() {def result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()assert result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContent.matches('Post.*: Title .*')// could do more asserts herereset(true)

}} // end of SimpBlogModel class definition...


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def tester = new RandomTester(new SimpBlogModel())tester.buildGraph()def metrics = [

new ActionCoverage(),new StateCoverage(),new TransitionCoverage(),new TransitionPairCoverage()

]metrics.each {

tester.addCoverageMetric it}

tester.addListener "verbose"tester.generate 50

println '\nMetrics Summary:'tester.printCoverage()

def graphListener = tester.model.getListener("graph")graphListener.printGraphDot "simpblog.dot"println "\nGraph contains " + graphListener.graph.numVertices() +

" states and " + graphListener.graph.numEdges() + " transitions."


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done ( __ __ __ __ , pickCategory, __ CA __ __ )done ( __ CA __ __ , enterContent, __ CA __ CO )done ( __ CA __ CO , enter title , __ CA TI CO )done ( __ CA TI CO , chooseAuthor, AU CA TI CO )done ( AU CA TI CO , submit post , __ __ __ __ )done ( __ __ __ __ , pickCategory, __ CA __ __ )done ( __ CA __ __ , chooseAuthor, AU CA __ __ )done ( AU CA __ __ , enter title , AU CA TI __ )done ( AU CA TI __ , enterContent, AU CA TI CO )done ( AU CA TI CO , submit post , __ __ __ __ )done ( __ __ __ __ , chooseAuthor, AU __ __ __ )done ( AU __ __ __ , pickCategory, AU CA __ __ )done ( AU CA __ __ , enter title , AU CA TI __ )done ( AU CA TI __ , enterContent, AU CA TI CO )done ( AU CA TI CO , submit post , __ __ __ __ )done ( __ __ __ __ , enterContent, __ __ __ CO )done ( __ __ __ CO , pickCategory, __ CA __ CO )done ( __ CA __ CO , chooseAuthor, AU CA __ CO )done ( AU CA __ CO , enter title , AU CA TI CO )done ( AU CA TI CO , submit post , __ __ __ __ )done ( __ __ __ __ , pickCategory, __ CA __ __ )done ( __ CA __ __ , enter title , __ CA TI __ )done ( __ CA TI __ , chooseAuthor, AU CA TI __ )done ( AU CA TI __ , enterContent, AU CA TI CO )done ( AU CA TI CO , submit post , __ __ __ __ )done ( __ __ __ __ , chooseAuthor, AU __ __ __ )done ( AU __ __ __ , pickCategory, AU CA __ __ )done ( AU CA __ __ , enter title , AU CA TI __ )done ( AU CA TI __ , enterContent, AU CA TI CO )done ( AU CA TI CO , submit post , __ __ __ __ )...

...done ( __ __ __ __ , pickCategory, __ CA __ __ )done ( __ CA __ __ , enterContent, __ CA __ CO )done ( __ CA __ CO , chooseAuthor, AU CA __ CO )done ( AU CA __ CO , enter title , AU CA TI CO )done ( AU CA TI CO , submit post , __ __ __ __ )done ( __ __ __ __ , chooseAuthor, AU __ __ __ )done ( AU __ __ __ , pickCategory, AU CA __ __ )done ( AU CA __ __ , enterContent, AU CA __ CO )done ( AU CA __ CO , enter title , AU CA TI CO )done ( AU CA TI CO , submit post , __ __ __ __ )done ( __ __ __ __ , chooseAuthor, AU __ __ __ )done ( AU __ __ __ , enter title , AU __ TI __ )done ( AU __ TI __ , pickCategory, AU CA TI __ )done ( AU CA TI __ , enterContent, AU CA TI CO )done ( AU CA TI CO , submit post , __ __ __ __ )done Random reset(true)done ( __ __ __ __ , pickCategory, __ CA __ __ )done ( __ CA __ __ , enterContent, __ CA __ CO )done ( __ CA __ CO , enter title , __ CA TI CO )done ( __ CA TI CO , chooseAuthor, AU CA TI CO )

Metrics Summary:action coverage: 5/5state coverage: 12/16transition coverage: 19/33transition-pair coverage: 26/56

Graph contains 16 states and 33 transitions.

ScalaCheck

• Description– Tool for testing Scala, Java and Groovy programs

– Based on property specifications and automatic

random test data generation

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> scala -classpath ScalaCheck-1.5.jarWelcome to Scala version 2.7.6.final

scala> import org.scalacheck.Prop.forAll

scala> val propConcatLists = forAll { (l1: List[Int], l2: List[Int]) =>| l1.size + l2.size == (l1 ::: l2).size }

propConcatLists: org.scalacheck.Prop = Prop

scala> propConcatLists.check+ OK, passed 100 tests.

scala> val propSqrt = forAll { (n: Int) => scala.Math.sqrt(n*n) == n }propSqrt: org.scalacheck.Prop = Prop

scala> propSqrt.check! Falsified after 2 passed tests.> ARG_0: "-1" (1 shrinks, original arg: "-2")

ScalaCheck: SimpBlog Case Study...

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class SimpBlogChecker {static postAndCheck = nullstatic clean(s) { s.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('\n', '\\n') }static ResultHolder postAndReturn(String title, String content,

String author, String category) {if (!postAndCheck) postAndCheck = new GroovyShell().parse('''@Grab('net.sourceforge.htmlunit:htmlunit:2.5')import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClientdef page = new WebClient().getPage('http://localhost:8080/postForm')def form = page.getFormByName('post')form.getInputByName('title').setValueAttribute(title)form.getSelectByName('category').getOptions().find {

it.text == category }.setSelected(true)form.getSelectByName('author').getOptions().find {

it.text == author }.setSelected(true)form.getTextAreaByName('content').setText(content)def result = form.getInputByName('btnPost').click()def titleResult = result.getElementsByTagName('h1').item(0).textContentdef h3headings = result.getElementsByTagName('h3')def categoryResult = h3headings.item(1).textContentdef authorResult = h3headings.item(2).textContentdef para = result.getByXPath('//TABLE//TR/TD/P')[0]def contentResult = para.textContentreturn new ResultHolder(titleResult, contentResult, authorResult, categoryResult)''')...

...ScalaCheck: SimpBlog Case Study...

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...def binding = new Binding()binding.setVariable('title', title)binding.setVariable('content', clean(content))binding.setVariable('author', author)binding.setVariable('category', category)postAndCheck.binding = bindingpostAndCheck.run()

}}

class ResultHolder {String title, content, author, categoryResultHolder(String title, String content,

String author, String category) {this.title = titlethis.content = contentthis.author = authorthis.category = category

}}

> groovyc SimpBlogChecker.groovy


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//CheckSimpBlog.scala

import org.scalacheck.Prop._import org.scalacheck.ConsoleReporter.testStatsEximport org.scalacheck.Test.checkimport org.scalacheck.Arbitrary._import org.scalacheck.Gen._

object CheckSimpBlog {

val fieldsGen = for {title <- elements("Title 1", "Title 2")content <- arbitrary[String]author <- elements("Bart", "Homer", "Lisa", "Marge", "Maggie")category <- elements("Home", "Work", "Food", "Travel")

} yield (title, content, author, category)...

> scalac -classpath .;../lib/ScalaCheck-1.5.jar;../../groovy-1.7-beta-2-SNAPSHOT/embeddable/groovy-all-1.7-beta-2-SNAPSHOT.jar CheckSimpBlog.scala


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...val enterFieldsAcceptedAndEchoedProperty = forAll(fieldsGen)(

fields =>{

val (title, content, author, category) = fieldsval result = SimpBlogChecker.postAndReturn(title, content, author, category)result.getTitle contains titleresult.getContent contains contentresult.getAuthor contains authorresult.getCategory contains category

})

val tests = scala.List(("enterFieldsAcceptedAndEchoedProperty",

enterFieldsAcceptedAndEchoedProperty))

def main(args: scala.Array[String]) =tests foreach { case (name, p) => testStatsEx(name, check(p)) }

}

> scala -classpath .;../lib/ScalaCheck-1.5.jar;../../groovy-1.7-beta-2-SNAPSHOT/embeddable/groovy-all-1.7-beta-2-SNAPSHOT.jar;../../groovy-1.7-beta-2-SNAPSHOT/lib/ivy-2.1.0-rc2.jar CheckSimpBlog+ OK, passed 100 tests.

More Information about Groovy

• Web sites– http://groovy.codehaus.org

– http://grails.codehaus.org

– http://pleac.sourceforge.net/pleac_groovy (many examples)

– http://www.asert.com.au/training/java/GV110.htm (workshop)

• Mailing list for users– [email protected]

• Information portals– http://www.aboutgroovy.org

– http://www.groovyblogs.org

• Documentation (1000+ pages)– Getting Started Guide, User Guide, Developer Guide, Testing

Guide, Cookbook Examples, Advanced Usage Guide

• Books– Several to choose from ...

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http://groovy.codehaus.org/

http://grails.codehaus.org/

http://pleac.sourceforge.net/pleac_groovy

http://www.asert.com.au/training/java/GV110.htm

http://www.aboutgroovy.org/

http://www.groovyblogs.org/

More Information: Groovy in Action

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2006-2

009

Second edition of GinA, ‘ReGinA’ now under development

how to make your testing more groovy

Technology

testing asert

tools asert

test runners asert

testing stack

mutation testing

acceptance testing

testing dsls

kinds of testing