Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll

COMPUTER LAB REPORT

How to make Directory?

First you have to open your computer and then click on (start button)

a menu will appear which is called (Start Menu). In this start menu

click on (All Programs). Another menu will appear which is called

(Sub Menu) in this Sub Menu click on a black color icon which is

called (Command Prompt).

There are some commands which are use for making a Directory which are

given bellow.

First you have to open (Command Prompt). A specific direction will be

there which is called Root Directory. like ( C:\ user\students>).

You can change your concern directory drive location from Root Directory.

For example if you are Root directory location is in driver “C” and if you

want to change your concern directory direction or location to another

drive, you can change it. Like from drive “C” to drivers “D” or “E” or any

other drives. We can change like this, Root Directory (C:\ user\students>

D: then press enter). By this your directory location will changed into

Drive “D” or other your concern drivers and it will show like this ( D :\>)

this will be your concern directory drive .

Then for making a directory Put a command like (md) after (D:\) “M “stand

for made and “D” stand for Directory, and then press the Space button

and then write your name or write the name of your file which your

desire for making a Directory and then press Enter Button. And your

directory folder will create.

Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll

For Example (D:\>md space file name AmjadKhan and then press Enter)

Next write “cd” which “C” stand for create and “D” stand for directory like,

(D :\> cd space AmjadKhan press Enter) a new directory will created by the

name of (AmjadKhan) or by any other name which your concern . After this it

will show like this (D:\Amjad Khan>) .

In next line write D:\Amjad Khan>copy (space) con (space) file name

AmjadKhan.txt then press Enter. You can also put (doc), (pdf), instead of (txt).

These are called file extension.

For Example D:\AmjadKhan>copy Space con space AmjadKhan.txt and

press Enter.

After performing this a new blanking space will appear for writing your

construction or any information or any things if your desire to write in it you can

write here in this black space. And at the end of your information press (Ctrl + Z)

and your file will saved or copied.

For Example D:\AmjadKhan>copy con AmjadKhan.txt and Enter and then put

your desirable information or construction like

1. My name is Amjad Khan

2. I am 23 years old

3. I belong to Bara Khyber Agency

4. I am BS Microbiology student of Abasyn University Peshawar .

5. Registration No# 5149

6. Semester 3rd

After this write “dir” after D:\AmjadKhan> and it will show you all details about

your creative directory file. Like

Volume of your file in the driver

Volume serial Number

Date and Time and

File extension

Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll

Example

Volume in drive D has no label.

Volume Serial Number is Etc…..

Directory of D:\AmjadKhan

01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> .

01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> ..

01-Nov-14 07:19 PM 32 AmjadKhan.txt

1 File(s) 32 bytes

2 Dir(s) 5,408,411,648 bytes free

EXPLANATION

C:\user\star>

C:user\star>D: press enter

D:\>md space File name AmjadKhan press enter

D:\>cd space File name AmjadKhan press enter

D:\AmjadKhan>copy space con space file name AmjadKhan.txt

press enter and after writing your information press ( Ctrl +Z).

D:\AmjadKhan>dir press enter

How to remove a Directory?

When you delete or remove your directory with this your all concern file will

deleted and your all information in that file or folder will remove and your file will

become empty.

Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll

For removing your directory these commands can be use. Like

First open (Command Prompt) a direction will appear like ( C:\ user\students>).

Than write the name of your specific driver where your concern directory is

present . Like if your in driver “C” and your directory is present in driver “D” or ,

“E” or any other driver so for changing your directory you have to write like

(user\students> D: then press enter ). With this your concern directory driver

will open like D:\> .

Than write “cd” space your File name Like Amjad Khan and press enter (

D:\AmjadKhan>) will appear. Than write a command “dir” like ( D:\amjad>dir

and press enter ). It will open details related with your concern directory file. Like

Volume in drive D has no label.

Volume Serial Number is Etc…..

Directory of D:\AmjadKhan

01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> .

01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> ..

01-Nov-14 07:19 PM 32 AmjadKhan.txt

1 File(s) 32 bytes

2 Dir(s) 5,408,411,648 bytes free

Then use commands like “erase” , press space button and then write file name

like “AmjadKhan.txt”, and then press enter button. Your concern director will be

deleted or erased.

D:\AmjadKhan>erase space AmjadKhan.txt press enter button.

C:\user\student>

D:\>cd space file name “AmjadKhan” press Enter

Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll

D:\AmjadKhan>erase space file name AmjadKhan.txt and press Enter button

HOW T O MAKE DITECTORY AND HOW TO COPY FROM ONE DI RECTORY INTO ANOT HER DI RECTORY?

First open (Command Prompt). A specific direction will be there which is called

Root Directory. like ( C:\ user\students>).

Change your directory location from Root directory drive into your targeted drive . like “D”, “E” or any

one. Put the direction of your concern drive in Root Directory like ( C:\ user\students> D: press

Enter button). Your directory location will changed from Root Directory drive into

your concern drive. Like “D:\>”.

Then make two directories by two different names like “AmjadKhan” and

“Friends” by using command like “md” .

For examples

(A) AmjadKhan

(B) Friends

(A) D:>md space File name “AmjadKhan” press then Enter button

Explanation

C:\user\star>

C:user\star>D: press enter

D:\>md space File name AmjadKhan press enter

D:\>cd space File name AmjadKhan press enter

D:\AmjadKhan>copy space con space file name AmjadKhan.txt

press enter and after writing your information press ( Ctrl +Z).

i. My name is Amjad Khan

ii. I am 23 years old

i. I belong to Bara Khyber Agency

ii. I am BS Microbiology student of Abasyn University Peshawar .

iii. Registration No# 5149

iv. Semester 3rd

D:\AmjadKhan>dir press enter

Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll

Directory of D:\AmjadKhan

01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> .

01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> ..

01-Nov-14 07:19 PM 32 AmjadKhan.txt

1 File(s) 32 bytes

2 Dir(s) 5,408,411,648 bytes free

(B) Friends File Named Directory

Like the same make your other Directory or file by “Friends” name. The same procedure will use for

making your other Directory. But just change File name “Friends” instead of” AmjadKhan”.

(1) D: AmjadKhan >md space file name “Friends” then press Enter Button

(2) D:\ AmjadKhan>cd space File name “Friends” press Enter Button

(3) D: AmjadKhan\Friends>copy space con space file name Friends.txt press Enter

Button and after this writing your information then press ( Ctrl +Z). a. Ahmid

b. Ali

c. Khan

d. Afridi

e. Abid

f. Zain etc

Directory of D:\Friends

i. 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> .

ii. 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM <DIR> ..

iii. 01-Nov-14 07:19 PM 32 Friends.txt

iv. 1 File(s) 32 bytes

v. 2 Dir(s) 5,408,411,648 bytes free

(4) D:\AmjadKhan\Friends>dir press enter

HOW TO COPY ONE FILE INTO ANOTHER FILE?

First open your target drive where your directory fill saved ,then Put a command like “dir” and press

Enter button , it will displays your both directories. Then select any file name from these two directories

Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll

and save the other file in it by passing a command like “cd file name like AmjadKhan” then press Enter

button. D:\cd space file name AmjadKhan press Enter. It will show like D:AmjadKhan>

Then use a command “cd” and write the name of your other file “Friend” and press Enter button. Like

(D:AmjadKhan>cd space File name Friends press Enter Button).

It will show like D:AmjadKhan\Friends>. Than copy “friends” file into “AmjadKhan” directory. Use a

command like D:AmjadKhan\Friends>copy space Friends.txt space \AmjadKhan press Enter Button. It

will give you three options like (Yes\No\All) and you have to press “Y”. The “Friends” file be will saved

in the “AmjadKhan” file.

EXPLANATION

i. C:\user\star>

ii. C:user\star>D: press enter

iii. D:\>md space File name “AmjadKhan” press Enter Button

iv. D:\>cd space File name “AmjadKhan” press Enter Button

v. D:\AmjadKhan>copy space con space file name AmjadKhan.txt press

enter and after writing your information press ( Ctrl +Z).

vi. D:\AmjadKhan>dir press enter

vii. D: AmjadKhan >md space file name “Friends” then press

Enter Button

viii. D:\ AmjadKhan>cd space File name “Friends” press Enter Button

ix. D: AmjadKhan\Friends>copy space con space file name Friends.txt

press Enter Button and after this writing your information then press (

Ctrl +Z).

HOW WE CAN CHECK IT?

Open your Concern Drive like “D”, “E” or any one where you had saved your File Directory . Like D:\>.

Then put a command like “cd..” and press Enter button. Next use a command “cd” and then write your

concern file name which you want to check it .Like D:\cd space AmjadKhan press Enter Button. It will

show like D:\AmjadKhan> .Then write “dir”, it will show you all details about “AmjadKhan” directory

file that either “Friends” file is present or not.

Root Directory C:\

C:\user\star>cd..

C:\user\star>cd space AmjadKhan

Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll

D:\AmjadKhan>

D:\AmjadKhan>dir

HOW TO RENAME?

Open your Directory file drive like D:\ , then open your Directory Folder , like D:\cd AmjadKhan press

Enter Button. It will show like D:AmjadKhan>. Then use a command like “ren” and write your concern

file name which you want to renamed it . Like

D:\AmjadKhan> ren file name “Friends.txt” space New file name like “Afridi.txt” then press Enter

button.

Your “Friends” file will be changed into “Afridi” name.

Summery

C:\user\star>

C:user\star>D: press Enter Button

D:\>cd.. Press Enter Button

D:\>cd space File name “Friends” press Enter Button

D:\>Friends>ren space Friends.txt space New file name Afridi.txt press Enter Button

HOW TO FORMAT A DRICE OR ANY OTHER DEVICE?

GENERAL

1. Write format and name of specific device or drive which you want to format it. Like “E” ,”D” or

“G” press Enter Button . You can format your concern drive or device in the Root Drive as well

as also in your targeted drive mean “D:\ or E:\”. Like D:\>format space Device or Drive name

then Press Enter Button.

Example . D:\>format space G: press Enter Button

2. For quick format press “q” after your concern drive or drive which you want to deleted it. Like

D:\>format space device or drive name “q”.

For example. D:\>format space G:q press Enter Button

3. For Sub Bootable press “s” after “q”.

For example

D:|\format space G:q\s

Prepared by Amjad Khan , BS: Microbiology-lll

The End

Prepared by Amjad Khan Submitted to Engineer Sir, Wasi Ullah