how to fight the digital divide dr. aprille ericsson-jackson nasa goddard space flight center
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How to Fight The Digital Divide Dr. Aprille Ericsson-Jackson NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Presented at The National School Boards Association Conference Dallas, TX, 11/12/99. Falling Through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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How to Fight The Digital DivideDr. Aprille Ericsson-Jackson
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Presented at
The National School Boards Association Conference
Dallas, TX, 11/12/99
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Dr.AJEJ
Falling Through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide
This report, plus charts, and links to the original Census data and the survey instrument, can be obtained at:
• US Department of Commerce NTIA Office of Public Affairs Web: www.ntia.doc.gov
• US Department of Education Office of Educational Technology Web: www.ed.gov/Technology/digdiv.html
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Dr.AJEJ
The Good News: As of 1998…
• Access to computers and the Internet soared for people in all demographic groups and geographic locations.
• Over 40% of American households owned computers.
• 25% of all households had Internet access.• Access to telephones in the home was increasing
among those groups least likely to have such access (chiefly, young and minority households in rural areas).
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Dr.AJEJ
The Bad News:Significant Disparities Persist
Households with incomes of $75,000+ are more than 20 times more likely to have access to the Internet than those at the lowest income levels, and more than nine times as likely to have a computer at home.
Whites are more likely to have access to the Internet from home than Blacks or Hispanics have from any location.
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Dr.AJEJ
Significant Disparities Persist(continued)
Black and Hispanic households are approximately 1/3 as likely to have home Internet access as households of Asian/Pacific Islander descent, and roughly 2/5 as likely as White households.
Regardless of income level, Americans living in rural areas are lagging behind in Internet access: at the lowest income levels, those in urban areas are more than twice as likely to have Internet access than those earning the same income in rural areas.
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Dr.AJEJ
The Digital Divide Has Widened
• The gaps with regard to home Internet access between White and Hispanic/Black households are now more than 6% larger than they were in 1994.
• Between 1997 and 1998, the divide between those at the highest and lowest education levels increased 25%.
• The divide between those at the highest and lowest income levels grew 29%.
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Dr.AJEJ
Minorities in the Technical Workforce
• African Americans account for roughly 12% of the U.S. workforce but only 4% of the doctors and 5% of the jobs in engineering, computer science, and scientific research.
• In higher education, African Americans earn only 5% of the bachelor's degrees in science and engineering and only 2% of the doctorates in related fields.
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Dr.AJEJ
Minorities in the Technical Workforce (continued)
• Of all science and engineering bachelor's degrees awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents,
– In 1989, American Indians, Blacks, and Hispanics received 9.8%.
– In 1995, underrepresented minorities received 13.5%.
• Proposition 209 was born in 1996-1997;
– In 1996 & 1997, a 20 % decline for first-year graduate enrollments of African Americans in all S&E fields and a 19.3% drop in the NSCSM&E (natural sciences, computer sciences, mathematics, and engineering).
– This was twice the rate for all other ethic groups.
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Dr.AJEJ
Uneven Technology Access Persists in Schools
• National avg. of students per computer is improving (5.7 in 1998 versus 10.8 in 1993), but...
• Access to high technology and the Internet is still uneven nationwide.
The number of students per terminal with Internet access: – Delaware (5.8) , Alaska (6.0), Nebraska (7.2), South
Dakota (7.3), and North Dakota (9.1), lead the nation.
– District of Columbia (31.4), Alabama (30.2), Louisiana (25.0), North Carolina (24.9), and Mississippi (20.1) lag behind.
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Dr.AJEJ
Teacher Training
Recent research shows...• new teachers are no more likely than veterans to
know how to teach with computers.• 20% of US teachers feel prepared to integrate
computers into classroom instruction.• 3-5 years of training required before a teacher can
effectively use computers in the classroom.
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Dr.AJEJ
Teacher Training
And yet...• 9% of school districts’ budgets is utilized for
training, although US DOE advises 30%. • less than 20% of the average school technology
budget goes towards training teachers.• 50% of teachers trained use their own funds.
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Dr.AJEJ
Teacher Training (continued)
• 2 million new teachers needed in US public schools by 2010.
• Budget constraints limit on-site help:– 29% employ full-time.– 42% struggle with part-time, and – 29% have no on-site support personnel.
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Dr.AJEJ
Technology Planning Resources
National Center for Technology Planning • Offers information on the E-rate application, sample
technology plans for high schools, institutions of higher learning, states, regions...
• Contact:
NCTP, Dr. Larry S. Anderson, Founder/Director P. O. Box 5425 Mississippi State, MS 39762
phone: 662-325-7253; fax: 662-324-0677
Web: http://www.nctp.com
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Sample E-rate Resource
E-rate Central • provides information for New York State schools
on next steps, discount rate optimization, telephone audits, and vendor coordination.
• Contact:
www.e-ratecentral.com
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Dr.AJEJ
Technology Integration Resource
Eisenhower National Clearinghouse’s “ENC Focus.”
• magazine for “classroom innovators;”
• available in print and online (www.enc.org);
• recent issue on integrating technology with classroom instruction.
Contact: Kimberly S. Roempler, Ph.D.
Associate Director, Instructional Resources ENC
1929 Kenny Rd. Columbus, OH 43210-1079
phone: 614-688-3485; fax: 614-292-2066
Web: http://www.enc.org
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Dr.AJEJ
NASA Educator Resource Centers• provide educators with access to NASA education
materials (slides, prints, videos, publications, computer access) and training;
• are located at each NASA center; and• service educators in neighboring states. • Contact:
NASA GSFC, Code 130, Greenbelt, MD 20771 phone: 301-286-8570; fax: 301-286-1781 email: [email protected] Web: http://pao.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/educ/trl/welcome.html
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Dr.AJEJ
NASA Central Operation Resources for Educators
• offers slide sets and CD-ROMs (and catalogs of
offerings)• Contact:
NASA CORE, Loraine County JVS, 15181 Route 58 South, Oberlin, OH 44704
phone: 440-774-1051, ext.249/293;
fax: 440-774-2144
Web: http://core.nasa.gov
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Dr.AJEJ
Ensuring Access To Digital Age Tools
Public/private partnerships critical.
Private sector initiatives (Bell Atlantic) needed.
Public policies must expand affordable access.
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Ensuring Access To Digital Age Tools (continued)
Establish and support Community Access Centers.
Promote K-12/University partnerships, including minority college campuses.
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Dr.AJEJ
Give Back To Your Community
Suggested actions and Web resources for parents:
Review your school’s technology plan – www.nctp.com Join a school committee Become a webmaster or offer technical support
– www.techcorps.org
Pull some wire – www.netday.org Help generate funds – www.fdncenter.org Donate equipment or contact federal work sites for excess
equipment donations – www.detwiler.org Understand the big picture –
– www.computerlearning.org, ericir.syr.edu
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Give Back To Your Community(Continued)
Suggested actions and resources for non parents:
Adopt a school – www.partnersineducation.org
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Aim High!
Shoot for the moon and even if you miss,
you’ll still be among the stars!!!PeaceDr. Aprille Ericsson-
Jackson
Aim High!