how to design in product safety compliance.ppt

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How to Design-In Product

Safety Compliance



I. Identify Requirements

II. Construction Requirements

III.Performance Testing Requirements

IV.Production Testing Requirements



Identify Requirements

• Identify the nature or scope of your product

• What market will you distribute your product (U.S.A.,Canada, Europe, Far East, etc.)

• What certification mark will you use for compliance

• What local ordinances and standards are in place (NVGaming Commission & NFPA 70)

• Have the compliance specification/standard on file forreference



Construction

• Frame & Enclosure

- Should have the strength and rigidityto resist the increase of electricalshock, injury to person, or risk of fireunder normal applications



Construction• External Material

- External material such as steel, wood,aluminum, glass, and composites can be

used for the enclosure.

- If any of these materials are combustible

and have a surface area greater than 10 sq.feet they are subject to a flame index lessthan 200 when tested against the followingstandards



Construction

• UL 723 (Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Material)

• ASTM E162 (Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy

Source)



Construction

• Enclosure Bottom Openings

- A barrier or pan of noncombustible material

must be used to prevent a fire hazard in theevent of flaming particles, burning insulation,and molten metal

- The barrier would be commonly placedunder motors, wires, switches,transformers, etc. that upon failurecould pose a fire hazard



Blue = Minimum Barrier

Area

Red = Area of the

component

Yellow = Means of finding

minimum area of blue.

This is a 5 degree tangent

from red area



Construction• Accessibility of Un-insulated live parts, film-

coated wire, moving parts

- If and opening in an enclosure would allowaccess to un-insulated live parts, film-coatedwire, moving parts the opening has specificdimensions.

- If < than 1 inch (articulate probe)

- If > than 1 inch (non-articulate probe)



Construction



Construction

Dimensions of OpeningMinimum Distance from

Opening to Part

3/4 in

1 in

1-1/4 in

1-7/8 in

2-1/8 in

4-1/2 in

6-1/2 in

7-1/2 in

15-1/2 in

17-1/2 in



Construction

• Supply Connections

- Can be permanent or detachable

- Must be under 15 feet in length

- Must have strain relief & bushing

- Must comply to ANSI Plug Types



Construction

Amperes, Volts ANSI Designation

15, 12520, 125

30, 125

15, 25020, 250

30, 250

C73.11C73.12

C73.45

C73.20C73.51

C73.52



Construction

• Grounding & Bonding

- Grounding of all dead metal parts should beavailable if they can become energized by asingle fault condition

- Un-insulated metal parts that are likely tobecome energized and provide a shock hazardin normal operation or service must bebonded for grounding



Construction

2. Sharpness of moving parts

3. Risk of unintentional contact with moving parts

4. Speed and movement of moving parts

5. Risk of fingers, hair, clothing, etc. being drawn

into moving parts.



Construction• Components

- Attachment Plugs & Receptacles (UL 498)

- Filters, Electromagnetic Interference (UL 1283)

- Motors, Electric (1004)

- Printed-Wiring Boards (UL 796)



Construction

- Switches, Snaps, General-use (UL 20)

- Wires & Cables, Thermal plastic-Insulated(UL 83)



Performance Tests

• General Power

– Device should be powered at rated voltageand normal operating Hz

– An IR test should be conducted at 250 VDCwith a resistance > 30 kohms



Performance Tests

• Starting Current Test

- Device should be powered on 3 timessequentially at rated voltage and currentwithout tripping fuse or over-currentprotection devices.

- Device should be at room temperature foreach test and the motor can come to acomplete rest prior to the next test



Performance Test

• Leakage Current Test

- measurement of leakage current that are

present under normal and signal faultconditions on conductive surfaces or ground.



Performance Test



Performance Test

- Leakage Current Limits

a) .75 mA when ground closed and S1 is closed

b) 1.0 mA when ground opened and S1 is closed

c) 2.0 mA when ground opened and S1 is opened



Performance Tests

• Temperature Tests

- when device is tested at maximum load the

temperature should not reach a point to:

- cause risk of a fire

- damage materials within the device

- reach temperature in (table 33.1)



Component Temperature in F

Motor Class 130 180º

Capacitors Electrolytic 72º

Fuses 117º

Insulated Conductors 63º

Electrical Insulation 117º

Handles & Knobs 140º

Other Surfaces 158º



Performance Test

• Dielectrical Withstand Test

- performed on primary and secondary circuitsfor 1 min. at 40-70 hz at 1 KVAC for nobreakdown



Performance



Performance Test

• Spill Test- any device with a horizontal service able to

hold a glass of liquid must be subjected to a

spill test

- 1 liter of water will be poured onto the

enclosure at a rate of 1L/min.

- when the test is completed the device will besubjected to the dielectrical withstand test



Performance Test

• Physical Stability Test

- device should not tip over when it is tilted at

a 10 degree angle

- a free standing device that is placed on the

floor and could be sit on or stood on shouldnot tip over when 180 lbf is placed on thedevice



Performance Test• Abnormal Test

- Under an abnormal test the device should not pose

a risk of fire, electrical shock, or injury to personnel

- Unacceptable conditions include

1. flame emitted from enclosure

2. single layer of cheesecloth or tissue paper glows

3. 3 amp fuse opens



Performance Test

- Samples of abnormal tests include; operating

device with cooling fans disconnected, overloadof power supply, malfunction of components inprimary circuit (ex. Shorts), wrong voltageselected

- Test duration is typically conducted for 1 hour



Performance Test

• Stain Relief

- The power cord should be detached and a35 lb weight is attached to the cord for

1 min.



Performance Test• Grounding Impedance Test

- The ground impedance path will be subjected to 25

amps for 1 minute with a resistance not to exceed100 mohms.

- The voltage should be < 12 volts AC with 60 Hz.

- Test points are between input ground and groundedexternal parts



Performance Test

• Impact Test

- Three representative samples of the devicemust withstand an impact test without anysigns of cracks or openings after impact

- A steel sphere weighing 1.18 lbs will bedropped 51 inches or swung from apendulum at 51 inches



Manufacturing Test

• Production Dielectrical Withstand Test

– Each appliance will be subjected to thedielectrial withstand test without breakdown

–

Appliance must be fully assembled



Manufacturing Test

• Production Grounding-Continuity Test

- Every product that will be supplied with a power

cord that is grounded will be subjected to acontinuity test

- the test is between input ground and chassis ground

- instrument used could be an ohmmeter,battery/buzzer device, or similar devices

how to design in product safety compliance.ppt

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