July 2016

How Our Cities Can Plan for Driverless Cars

THEY’RE COMING…

The state of autonomous vehicle technology seems likely to advance with or without legislative and agency actions at the federal level. However, the manner in which autonomous vehicle technologies progress and will eventually be implemented depends heavily on these efforts. Intelligent planning, meaningful vision, and regulatory action and reform are required.

- “Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Barriers, and Policy Recommendations,” Eno Center for Transportation

Driverless vehicles 101Our Driverless FutureCurrent Status of Government with

Driverless Vehicles Proposed Actions for State and Local

Governments Regarding Driverless Vehicles

DISCUSSION TOPICS

Driverless Vehicles 101

DRIVERLESS VEHICLES DEFINITION

NHTSA defines “Full Self-Driving Automation” as:

“designed to perform all safety-critical driving functions and monitor roadway conditions for an entire trip. Such a design anticipates that the driver will provide destination or navigation input, but is not expected to be available for control at any time during the trip.”

Source: http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/Pub/pdf/15CPB_AutonomousDriving.pdf

NHTSA’S DEFINITION OF VEHICLE AUTOMATION

DEFINITIONS: DRIVERLESS VS CONNECTED VEHICLES

Driverless Vehicles

Connected Vehicles

(CV)

Automated Vehicles

Best of Both Worlds!

Positives Negatives

Safety improvements Improved mobility for youth,

elderly, and disabled Improved traffic circulationReduced need for parking Improved travel time reliabilityReduced GHG emissionsReduced need for private car

ownership and private auto insurance

Increased “VMT” Insurance policy disruption Increased urban sprawlJob loss

POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DRIVERLESS CARS ON SOCIETY

DRIVERLESS VEHICLES ADOPTION TIMELINE

Technology development continues to be the main focus; however, other considerations are being researched as well

Governments around the world are developing partnerships and conducting research to determine how they should regulate the industry in order to ensure public safety

DRIVERLESS VEHICLES TODAY

Industry Standards

Text here

SocietyIntegration

HumanFactorsTechnology

Privacy & Security

Infrastructure Requirements

Insurance

Government’sRole

Our Driverless Future

SCENARIO 1

SCENARIO 2

POTENTIAL FUTURE SCENARIOS

Level of Vehicle and Ride Sharing

Scenario 1: Driverless Nightmare

Scenario 2: Driverless Utopia

0% of Society 100% of Society

CHANGES FROM TODAY’S SOCIETY

Driverless Nightmare Driverless Utopia

Safety

VMT

GHG Emissions

Urban Sprawl

Parking Req’ts No Change

RoadwayMaintenance Req’ts

Low Income Mobility

Proposed Actions For State And Local Governments Regarding Driverless Vehicles

PROPOSED GOVERNMENT ROLE IN DRIVERLESS VEHICLES

Update, Establish and Enforce Policies and Regulations

Safety

Privacy/Data Sharing

Cyber Security

Establish and Enforce Standards

Manufacturing

Vehicle Design

Infrastructure

Data/Communications

Update, Establish, and Enforce Policies and Plans

Mobility

Infrastructure

Transit

Financial

Federal Role State and Local Role

LOCAL GOVERNMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

Stay educated on driverless

vehicles progress

Incorporate driverless vehicles

into city goals

Establish communications and/or coalition with driverless technology stakeholders

Support testing activities

Establish policies and plans with

consideration for the future

Encourage open data sharing

What can be done now?

LOCAL GOVERNMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

What can be done in the medium (1-2 years) to long-term (3-5 years)?

Planning

Update travel demand modelEvaluate road capacity needsAssess transit requirementsForecast financial implications

Infrastructure Modifications

Update traffic signs and markingsReduce lane widthAlter speed limitsAdjust traffic signal locations and timingEliminate/reduce parking and add more “drop-off/pick-up” locationsAdd electric vehicle charging infrastructureDevelop new predictive models for pavement maintenanceCertify roads for driverless and/or manual usage

Miscellaneous

Update enforcement function within the governmentUpdate incident management function within the governmentIncorporate driverless vehicle technology into government servicesUpdate government workforce to match needs

LOCAL GOVERNMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

What policy changes can be made by local governments to influence potential AV impacts in our cities?

Update roadway policies and infrastructure to

manage the VMT impact

Adjust land use policies to reduce

urban sprawl

Adjust the tax/fee structure to dis-

incentivize car ownership and/or parking

Alter parking policies to reduce the need for private parking

Change transit pricing

CONTACT LAUREN• Email: isaac@pbworld.com• Phone: 415-815-8200• Guide:

http://www.wsp-pb.com/en/WSP-USA/What-we-do-USA/Services/All-Services-A-Z/Driverless-Vehicles/

• Blog: www.drivingtowardsdriverless.com• Twitter: @DriverlessLau

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