how do cells reproduce? mitosis: asexual reproductions meiosis: sexual reproduction analyze how...
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
How do CELLS REPRODUCE?Mitosis: asexual reproductionsMeiosis: sexual reproduction
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of a cell containing tightly spindled DNA. Chromatid is a
single chromosome
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
MitosisCell Division
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Mitosis
Q: How do organisms Grow?
A1: Make Larger Cells
A2: Make More Cells
Review: Cell Theory-
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Mitosis
Your cells are dividing, growing, dying all the time.
Your body produces billions of cells.
Cells divide, specialize, form tissues, organize into organs, work together to form
organ systems.
Part of you that is always undergoing Mitosis: Skin, Blood Cells
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Parts of the Plant that are always dividing for growth:Roots and Stem
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Mitosis – Cell Division – Asexual Reproduction
Cells divide into 2 new identical cells.
5 Phases of Mitosis
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Mitosis – Cell Division – Asexual ReproductionInterphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Cell Cycle is the sequence of stages through which a cell passes between one cell division.
The
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Cell Cycle is the sequence of stages through which a cell passes between one cell division.
G1 S G2
Growth phase Replication of DNA
Replication Organelles and Growth of mitosis
The cell cycle 3 phases of Interphase
The
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Interphase 1st stage: G1, S, and G2
in each.
When cell prepares for division.
Chromosomes duplicate!!!
Cell grows
Some do not count this as the first stage of mitosis!
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Prophase
Chromosomes are visible.
Nucleus begins to break apart.
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Metaphase Chromosomes line up
along the center of the cell.
MIDDLE!
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Anaphase Duplicated
Chromosomes pull away from each other.
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Telophase 2 New cells form.
Cell division completes
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Cytokinesis
2 New cells form.
Cell division completes
Cytokinesis occurs (new cell wall forms or cell membrane is pinched in)
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Remember!
Mitosis is Asexual.
Mitosis is for growth and repairing old, dead cells.
Mitosis occurs throughout the body.
Mitosis stages are IPMAT.
Mitosis begins with 1 cell & ends with 2 identical cells!
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
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Cancer
Result of Uncontrolled Cell division in Mitosis.
From environmental factors, changes in enzymes that regulate cell
division, & genetics.
Second leading cause of death in the U.S.
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Cancerous Cells
Cells divide, and keep dividing.
This forms masses of tissue called a Tumor.
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Educational Public Service Announcement/Brochure
You are an oncologist (scientist who studies cancer) & you would like to educate the public about cancer so that they may make healthful choices in their lives.
Please include:
1. The cause of cancer at the cell level.
2. Types of cancer that are most common in the U.S.
3. General environmental causes of cancer.
4. Preventative actions one can take (this should be the largest & most important section of the brochure.
Be Creative, Informative, Clear, & Specific
See your book: pages 211-214
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= Sexual ReproductionDiploid Cell –
full set of chromosomes
Same as Mitosis
2 daughter cells are identical to parent cell.Chromosomes do NOT duplicate here. Each cell divides- chromosomes separating randomly!
The Result: 4 daughter cells with ½ the number of chromosomes needed for an individual.
Haploid Cells –½ set of chromosomesAlso called GametesEx. Sperm, egg, pollen
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Eggs are created
Sperm are created
Resulting Cell when 2 gametes fuse = Fertilization
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MEIOSIS: cell division necessary for reproduction.
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
meiosis
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Meiosis :Cell division for sexual reproduction. Cells are located in the testes (males) females(ovaries)
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Meiosis: IPMAT cytokinesis 2nd phase of PMAT producing 4 (haploid-single)daughter cells
I II
Prophase Synapsis occurs and crossing over of chromosomes
same
Metaphase Pairs of chromosomes line in the plates
2 celled-pair of chromosomes line in the plates
Anaphase Homologous pairs separate
Sister chromatids seperates
Telophase Division occurs Division occurs
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Meiosis Function: creates gametes (sperm, egg, pollen) for
sexual reproduction.
From one Gamete forming cell – 4 daughter cells are
formed.
Haploid cells are created – which have ½ the number
of chromosomes as the parent or normal body cells.
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Mistakes in Meiosis
Genetic Recombination: AKA Crossing Over
Occurs during meiosis, chromosomes actually cross over each other, genetic material gets
switched!
This leads to genetic variability!
Can be an endless number of different chromosomes possible!
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Mistakes in Meiosis Non-Disjunction
Failure of Chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.
Result: Zygote will have extra chromosomes or too few chromosomes.
Most Zygotes will not survive.
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Non-Disjunction
In humans, a person with an extra 21st chromosomes will have Down’s Syndrome
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Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
Function
Type of Reproduction
# of Cells Produced
Type of Cell Produced
# of Cellular Divisions
# of Chromosomes in Daughter cells
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
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Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of
Mitosis vs. MeiosisMitosis Meiosis
Function Create new cells for growth & replace
old cells
Create gametes for sexual
reproduction
Type of Reproduction Asexual Sexual
# of Cells Produced 2 4Type of Cell Produced Diploid Haploid
# of Cellular Divisions 1 2
# of Chromosomes in Daughter cells
Same as parent cell ½ as parent cell