Upload File

how congress works part i. who’s in congress? demographic profile of the 111th congress age groups...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:
37
How Congress Works How Congress Works Part I Part I

Upload: mervyn-morgan

Post on 23-Dec-2015

215 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

Tags:

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

How Congress WorksHow Congress WorksPart IPart I

Page 2: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Who’s in Congress?Who’s in Congress?

Page 3: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress

Age Age GroupsGroups

Source: Source: http://www.congress.org/congressorg/directory/demographics.tthttp://www.congress.org/congressorg/directory/demographics.tt

PartyParty

GenderGender EthnicityEthnicity

http://www.congress.org/congressorg/directory/demographics.tt
Page 4: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

House-Senate DifferencesHouse-Senate Differences HouseHouse

435 members; 2 yr 435 members; 2 yr termsterms

Low turnoverLow turnover Speaker bill referral Speaker bill referral

hard to challengehard to challenge Scheduling/rules Scheduling/rules

controlled by majority controlled by majority party with powerful party with powerful Rules Committee Rules Committee ((controls time of debate, controls time of debate, amends., etc)amends., etc)

SenateSenate 100 members; 6 yr 100 members; 6 yr

termsterms Moderate turnoverModerate turnover Referral decisions Referral decisions

easily challengedeasily challenged Scheduling/rules Scheduling/rules

agreed to by majority & agreed to by majority & minority leadersminority leaders

Page 5: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

House-Senate DifferencesHouse-Senate Differences

HouseHouse Debate limited to 1 Debate limited to 1

hourhour Members policy Members policy

specialistsspecialists Emphasizes tax & Emphasizes tax &

revenue policyrevenue policy More formal & More formal &

impersonalimpersonal

SenateSenate Unlimited debate Unlimited debate

unless cloture unless cloture invokedinvoked

Members policy Members policy generalistsgeneralists

Emphasizes foreign Emphasizes foreign policypolicy

More informal & More informal & personalpersonal

Page 6: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Party LeadershipParty LeadershipParty LeadershipParty Leadership

Bicameral Democratic Bicameral Democratic LeadershipLeadership

110th Congress110th Congress

Senate Republican Senate Republican LeadershipLeadership

110th Congress110th Congress

Page 7: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

SPEAKER OF THE HOUSESPEAKER OF THE HOUSE

• Chosen by majority party• Chief presiding officer (constitutionally) of the House

• Decides whom to recognize to speak on the floor

• Rules on germaneness of motions• Decides to which committee bills go• Schedules bills for action• Appoints members of special and select committees

• Has some patronage power

Page 8: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

HOUSE MAJORITY LEADERHOUSE MAJORITY LEADER

• Chosen by majority party• Assists Speaker• Plans party’s legislative program

• Steers important bills through the House

• Party leader

Page 9: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

HOUSE MAJORITY WHIPHOUSE MAJORITY WHIP

• Party floor leader• Keeps close watch on how majority members intend to vote

• Attempts to influence voting

Page 10: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

HOUSE MINORITY LEADERHOUSE MINORITY LEADER

• Party leader• Performs similar tasks to House Majority Leader

• Has no power over scheduling work in the House

Page 11: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

HOUSE MINORITY WHIPHOUSE MINORITY WHIP

• Assists party minority leader• Keeps close watch on how minority members intend to vote

• Attempts to influence voting

Page 12: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

President of the SenatePresident of the Senate

• Vice-President of the United States

• Elected in general presidential election

• Chief presiding officer (constitutionally) of the Senate

• Cannot participate in floor debate

• Casts vote only in case of tie

Page 13: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

President Pro-TemporePresident Pro-Tempore

• Chosen by majority party; often most senior member

• Presides over Senate in absence of vice-president

Page 14: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Senate Majority LeaderSenate Majority Leader

• Chosen by majority party• Majority. party leader in Senate• Steers party’s bills through Senate

• Plans Senate’s work schedule in consultation with Minority Leader

• Makes sure majority members attend important sessions

Page 15: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Senate Majority WhipSenate Majority Whip

• Chosen by majority party• Assists Majority Leader• Rounds up members for key votes

• Heads group of deputy whips

Page 16: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Senate Minority LeaderSenate Minority Leader

• Chosen by minority party• Minority party leader in Senate• Develops criticisms of bills from majority party

• Consults with Majority Leader re: Senate’s work schedule

• Tries to keep members working together

Page 17: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Senate Minority WhipSenate Minority Whip

•  • Chosen by minority party• Assists Minority Leader• Rounds up members for key votes

• Heads group of deputy whips

Page 18: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

HOUSE LEADERSHIPHOUSE LEADERSHIP

Speaker (majority party)

Republicans:• Majority Leader• Majority Whip• Republican

Conference• Republican Policy

Committee• Republican

Congressional Campaign Committee

Speaker of the HouseJohn Boehner (R-OH)

Majority LeaderEric Cantor (R-VA)

Majority WhipKevin McCarthy (R-CA)

Page 19: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

HOUSE LEADERSHIPHOUSE LEADERSHIP

Democrats:• Minority Leader• Minority Whip• Democratic Caucus• Democratic

Congressional Committee

Minority LeaderNancy Pelosi (D-CA)

Minority WhipSteny Hoyer (D-MD)

Page 20: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

SENATE LEADERSHIPSENATE LEADERSHIPSENATE LEADERSHIPSENATE LEADERSHIP

President of the Senate (Vice President)

President Pro Tempore (majority party)

Democrats:• Majority Leader• Majority Whip• Chairman of Conference• Policy Committee• Steering Committee• Democratic Senatorial

Campaign CommitteeMajority LeaderHarry Reid (D-NV)

President Pro TemRobert Byrd (D-WV)

Majority WhipRichard Durbin

(D-IL)

President of the Senate

Joe Biden (D-DE)

Page 21: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

SENATE LEADERSHIPSENATE LEADERSHIPSENATE LEADERSHIPSENATE LEADERSHIP

Republicans:• Minority Leader• Minority Whip• Chairman of

Conference• Policy Committee• Committee on

Committees• Republican Senatorial

Committee

Minority LeaderMitch McConnell

(R-KY)

Minority WhipJohn Cornyn (R-

TX)

Page 22: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Strength of Party Structure?Strength of Party Structure?

• Measure of party strength: 1.Ability of leaders to

control party rules and organization

2.Extent to which party members vote together in the House and Senate

• Senate: less party-centered and leader oriented

Page 23: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Party UnityParty UnityParty UnityParty Unity

• Lower today than 100 years ago, but…..Lower today than 100 years ago, but…..

• Ideology important variable explaining party Ideology important variable explaining party voting (members vote with their party 80% of voting (members vote with their party 80% of the time)the time)

• Party polarizationParty polarization - vote in which majority of - vote in which majority of democrats oppose majority of republicansdemocrats oppose majority of republicans

• Polarization trends:Polarization trends:o 1976 HR = 36%; S = 37%1976 HR = 36%; S = 37%o 1995 HR = 73%; S = 69%1995 HR = 73%; S = 69%o 2000 HR = 43%; S = 49%2000 HR = 43%; S = 49%

Page 24: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

CAUCUSESCAUCUSES

• Groups (may be bipartisan) meeting to pursue common legislative objectives

• Rivals to parties in policy formulation• Examples: Democratic Study Group, Congressional Black Caucus, Tuesday Lunch Bunch, Human Rights, Congressional Caucus for Women’s Issues, Out of Iraq Caucus,Rural Caucus, Travel & Tourism Caucus, House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children

Page 25: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

"Congress in session is Congress on public exhibition, whilst Congress in its committee-rooms is Congress at work.”

- Woodrow Wilson

Page 26: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Legislative Committees:Legislative Committees:Legislative Committees:Legislative Committees:

Function and PurposeFunction and Purpose

Page 27: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Legislative Committees:Legislative Committees:Function & PurposeFunction & Purpose

Legislative Committees:Legislative Committees:Function & PurposeFunction & Purpose

1. Consider bills (a.k.a. “mark-up” bills)

A bill with a member’s mark-up notes

Page 28: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Legislative Committees:Legislative Committees:Function & PurposeFunction & Purpose

Legislative Committees:Legislative Committees:Function & PurposeFunction & Purpose

2. Maintain oversight of executive agencies

Secretary Donald Rumsfeld testifies before a Senate Appropriations Committee hearing re: the Department of Defense Budget (May, 2006)

Page 29: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Legislative Committees:Legislative Committees:Function & PurposeFunction & Purpose

Legislative Committees:Legislative Committees:Function & PurposeFunction & Purpose

3. Conduct investigations

New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin testified before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee on Hurricane Katrina (Feb., 2006

Page 30: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Types of CommitteesTypes of CommitteesTypes of CommitteesTypes of Committees

Standing Committees - permanent panel with full legislative functions and oversight responsibilities• Subcommittees – formed to tackle very specific tasks within the jurisdiction of the full committees

Select or Special Committees - groups appointed for a limited purpose and limited duration

Joint Committees - includes members of both chambers to conduct studies or perform housekeeping tasks

Conference Committee - includes members of House & Senate to work out differences between similar bills

Page 31: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Standing CommitteesStanding CommitteesStanding CommitteesStanding Committees

Page 32: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

House Standing CommitteesHouse Standing CommitteesHouse Standing CommitteesHouse Standing Committees

AgricultureAppropriationsArmed ServicesBudgetEducation & WorkforceEnergy & CommerceFinancial ServicesGovernment ReformHouse Admin.International Relations

JudiciaryResourcesRulesScienceSmall BusinessStandards of Official Conduct

Transportation & Infrastructure

Veterans AffairsWays & Means

Page 33: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Senate Standing CommitteesSenate Standing Committees

Agriculture, Nutrition, & Forestry

AppropriationsArmed ServicesBanking, Housing, & Urban Affairs

BudgetCommerce, Science, Transportation

Energy & Natural Resources

Environment and Public Works

FinanceForeign RelationsGovernmental Affairs

Health, Education, Labor & Pensions

JudiciaryRules and Administration

Small Business and Entrepreneurship

Veterans Affairs

Page 34: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Special, Select CommitteesSpecial, Select Committees

• House Select Committee on Energy Independence & Global Warming

• Senate Select Committee on Ethics

• House & Senate Select Committees on Intelligence

Gen. Michael Hayden is sworn in during a full committee hearing of the Senate Select Intelligence Committee on his nomination to be director of the Central Intelligence Agency.

Page 35: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Joint CommitteesJoint Committees

• Joint Economic Committee• Joint Committee on Printing• Joint Committee on Taxation

Joint Committee Joint Committee on Taxation on Taxation hearinghearing

Page 36: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Title: Resolution Artist: Bob GorrellDate: 12/28/06 Source: http://www.gorrellart.com/

http://www.gorrellart.com/
Page 37: How Congress Works Part I. Who’s in Congress? Demographic Profile of the 111th Congress Age Groups Source: Source:

Artist: R.J. Matson, New York Observer & Roll CallDate: 1/18/07Source: http://www.cagle.com


S.182 (Paycheck Fairness Act) Sen. Clinton 111th Congress

Cuba: Issues for the 111th Congress · Cuba: Issues for the 111th Congress Mark P. Sullivan Specialist in Latin American Affairs January 4, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700

Fishery, Aquaculture, And Marine Mammal Issues in the 111th Congress,

Public Law 111–154 111th Congress An Act

THE BUDGET RECORD OF THE 111TH CONGRESS

Legislation With the Term Oil Spill in 111th Congress

Union Calendar No. 310 111TH CONGRESS UEPOI4I' 1 ES / }HOUSE Congress... · Union Calendar No. 310 111TH CONGRESS UEPOI4I' 1 ES / S }HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE 2010 JOINT ECONOMIC

Public Law 111–296 111th Congress An Act - …...PUBLIC LAW 111–296—DEC. 13, 2010 124 STAT. 3183 Public Law 111–296 111th Congress An Act To reauthorize child nutrition programs,

Public Law 111–281 111th Congress An Act › 111 › plaws › publ281 › PLAW-111publ281.pdfPUBLIC LAW 111–281—OCT. 15, 2010 124 STAT. 2905 Public Law 111–281 111th Congress

Public Law 111–118 111th Congress An Act

R40975 - Financial Regulatory Reform and the 111th Congress

111th CONGRESS, 2nd SESSION U.S. HOUSE OF …€¦ · ADOPTED BY THE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS OF OFFICIAL CONDUCT ON FEBRUARY 25, 2010 111th CONGRESS, 2nd SESSION ... from the Committee

Public Law 111–118 111th Congress An Act · PUBLIC LAW 111–118—DEC. 19, 2009 123 STAT. 3409 Public Law 111–118 111th Congress An Act Making appropriations for the Department

Public Law 111–267 111th Congress An Act - NASA

Indian Tribes and Climate Change Legislation in the 111th Congress

DREAM ACT TRAGEDY 111th United States Congress, 2010

111th Congress Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) › sites › democrats.cha.house... · 111th Congress Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) ... Rep. Joe Wilson . Anti-Value

DREAM Act Congressional Info 111th Congress

Public Law 111–152 111th Congress An Act · PUBLIC LAW 111–152—MAR. 30, 2010 124 STAT. 1029 Public Law 111–152 111th Congress An Act To provide for reconciliation pursuant

152999934 42097263 2008 Recommendations for the 111th Congress Soros Funded ConstitutionProject Org

Public Law 111–5 111th Congress An Act LAW 111–5—FEB. 17, 2009 123 STAT. 115 Public Law 111–5 111th Congress An Act ... DIVISION B—TAX, UNEMPLOYMENT, HEALTH, STATE FISCAL

Public Law 111–347 111th Congress An ActPUBLIC LAW 111–347—JAN. 2, 2011 124 STAT. 3623 Public Law 111–347 111th Congress An Act To amend the Public Health Service Act to extend

€¦ · 1 } { Calendar No. _____ 111TH CONGRESS REPORT 1st Session SENATE 111- =============================================================== THE PATENT REFORM ACT …

State of the Judiciary After 111th Congress

111th Congress 3rd FI July 5 2010

111th Congress " 1st Session

Public Law 111–152 111th Congress An Act...PUBLIC LAW 111–152—MAR. 30, 2010 124 STAT. 1029 Public Law 111–152 111th Congress An Act To provide for reconciliation pursuant to

Public Law 111–296 111th Congress An Act · 2019-02-21 · PUBLIC LAW 111–296—DEC. 13, 2010 124 STAT. 3183 Public Law 111–296 111th Congress An Act To reauthorize child nutrition

Public Law 111–5 111th Congress An Act

Public Law 111–267 111th Congress An Act

H.R. 12 (Paycheck Fairness Act) Rep DeLauro, Rosa L. 111th Congress

Public Law 111–11 111th Congress An Act - GPO · PUBLIC LAW 111–11—MAR. 30, 2009 123 STAT. 991 Public Law 111–11 111th Congress An Act To designate certain land as components

Public Law 111–32 111th Congress An Act

Public Law 111–353 111th Congress An ActPUBLIC LAW 111–353—JAN. 4, 2011 124 STAT. 3885 Public Law 111–353 111th Congress An Act To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic

Public Law 111–147 111th Congress An Act · Public Law 111–147 111th Congress An Act ... Sec. 101. Payroll tax ... TRUST FUND.—There are hereby appropriated to the Federal Old-