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How and Where How and Where Volcanoes Form Volcanoes Form

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  • Slide 1
  • How and Where Volcanoes Form
  • Slide 2
  • Quick Review What is magma? Why does magma rise? At what kind of plate tectonic boundary/ boundaries do we find volcanoes? Why do volcanoes form here?
  • Slide 3
  • Definition of Volcano A. Volcano: Both an opening in Earths crust through which molten rock, gases and ash erupt and the landform that develops around this opening
  • Slide 4
  • B. Magma Formation 1. Decreasing pressure can lower the melting temperatures of materials in the asthenosphere (ex. Rift valley/mid-ocean ridge) 2. Increasing temperatures can cause materials in the asthenosphere to melt. (ex. Hot spot) 3. Increasing water in the asthenosphere can lower melting temperatures (ex. Subduction boundaries)
  • Slide 5
  • C. Rise to the Top 1. Magma tends to rise to the surface because it is less dense than the solid material surrounding it 2. The traits of the magma and the rate at which is rises depends on the amount of silica 3. Higher silica, thicker magma, more explosive
  • Slide 6
  • Volcano LocationReasonVolcano Formation Special NotesExamples
  • Slide 7
  • Row 1 Volcano LocationReasonVolcano Formation Special NotesExamples Subduction Boundary Divergent Boundary Hot Spot
  • Slide 8
  • Row 2 Volcano LocationReasonVolcano Formati on Special Note s Examples Subduction Boundary Collision between Oceanic/Continental Or Oceanic/Oceanic Divergent Boundary High temperature + low pressure = lots of magma Hot Spot Hot molten magma from deep within the Earth rises up through the crust and reaches the surface
  • Slide 9
  • Row 3Row 4Row 5 Volcano LocationReasonVolcano FormationSpecial NotesExamples Subduction Boundary Collision between Oceanic/Contine ntal Or Oceanic/Oceanic On plate that does not sink Divergent BoundaryHigh temperature + low pressure = lots of magma Where the plates separate Hot SpotHot molten magma from deep within the Earth rises up through the crust and reaches the surface In the middle of plates away from plate boundaries
  • Slide 10
  • Row 4 Volcano LocationReasonVolcano FormationSpecial NotesExamples Subduction BoundaryCollision between Oceanic/Cont inental Or Oceanic/Oce anic On plate that does not sink oceanic/oceanic, forms VOLCANIC ARC Divergent BoundaryHigh temperature + low pressure = lots of magma Where the plates separate Most of these volcanoes are underwater Hot SpotHot molten magma from deep within the Earth rises up through the crust and reaches the surface In the middle of plates away from plate boundaries Hot spots do not move, but the crust does
  • Slide 11
  • Row 5 Volcano LocationReasonVolcano Formation Special NotesExamples Subduction Boundary Collision between Oceanic/Continental Or Oceanic/Oceanic On plate that does not sink oceanic/ocean ic, forms VOLCA NIC ARC O/C: Cascades in California O/O: Aleutians in Alaska Divergent Boundary High temperature + low pressure = lots of magma Where the plates separate Most of these volcanoes are underwat er Mid-ocean ridge, Iceland Hot SpotHot molten magma from deep within the Earth rises up through the crust and reaches the surface In the middle of plates away from plate boundaries Hot spots do not move, but the crust does Hawaiian Islands, Canary Islands, Yellowstone

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