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Housing Reforms for Resilient Housing Systems
in UNECE Region
Housing Reforms for Housing Reforms for Resilient Housing SystemsResilient Housing Systems
in UNECE Region
Committee on Housing & Land Management Geneva,
October 3-4, 2011
Dr Sasha Tsenkova
Housing Reforms Housing Reforms
• Achievements/Opportinities
• Implementation ChaIlenges
• Building Resilient Housing Systems
Housing Reforms Housing Reforms
Main Challenges
Main Challenges
RecommendationsRecommendations
Objectives Objectives
Western Europe
models of social rented housing
Western Europe
models of social rented housing
Eastern Europe:
Social rented sector
Challenges of the sector
Conclusion
Policy Reforms
Policy Reforms
Challenges
Discussion & Conclusion
• Review regulatory, fiscal/financial and land management instruments;
•Evaluate housing systems performance: quality, new production, affordability and choice
•Provide strategic recommendations for priority actions in the region
Approach
• UNECE country profiles •Azerbaijan (2010), Kyrgyzstan (2010), Belarus (2008), Georgia (2007), Serbia and Montenegro (2006), Russia (2004), Armenia (2004), Albania (2002), Republic of Moldova (2002), Romania (2001), Lithuania (2000), Slovakia (1999), Poland (1998)
•http://evds.ucalgary.ca/profiles/sasha-tsenkova
1. Strengthening political support for housing reforms
47
57
77
82
84
85
87
91
92
92
93
94
96
98
98
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Czech Republic
Poland
Latvia
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Slovenia
Slovak Republic
Croatia
Lithuania
Bulgaria
Serbia
Hungary
Romania
Estonia
FYR Macedonia
Montenegro
Albania
70
75
79
83
83
87
90
92
96
97
97
98
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Turkmenistan
Azerbaijan
Belarus
R. Moldova
Tajikistan
Georgia
Armenia
Kyrgyzstan
Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
1. Strengthening political support for housing reforms
• Progress to address the institutional and regulatory ‘vacuum’ is uneven;
• Incomplete legislation (condominium management & mortgage), often delegating responsibilities to for social housing to the local government level;
• Ineffective rule enforcement, limited capacity for implementation of housing policy.
2. Establishing reliable and effective housing institutions
• Decenralisation & devolution of housing policy responsibilities; role of housing agencies & government mortgage finance
• Diverse and robust housing market institutions housing production & market intermediaries as well as informal market agents.
2. Establishing reliable and effective housing institutions
• Lack of adequate institutional capacity of public institutions; corruption& red tape;
• Lack of adequate resources at the local level to fulfil housing mandates;
• Lack of well established, transparent and efficient private sector institutions in housing.
3. Developing effective land administration & land management systems
• Land administration reforms (privatization & registration systems);
• Effective land-use planning to guide development (land with clear title, zoning regulation);
• Growth of informal cities, poverty & exclusion.
4. Mobilizing Housing Finance and Fiscal Support
2%4% 4%
7% 8% 9% 10%12% 12% 12%
15%18%
34%36%
50%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Rus
sia
Rom
ania
Ser
bia
Alb
ania
Slo
veni
a
Ukr
aine
Bul
garia
Pol
and
Slo
vaki
a
Hun
gary
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Lith
uani
a
Latv
ia
Est
onia
EU
27
4. Mobilizing Housing Finance and Fiscal Support
The lack of financial transparency in
housing policy and fiscal sustainability, in
addition to low targeting reflect the
rudimentary nature of fiscal housing policies
in the region.
The lack of financial transparency in
housing policy and fiscal sustainability, in
addition to low targeting reflect the
rudimentary nature of fiscal housing policies
in the region.
5. Facilitating Improvements in Housing Quality
The new faces of urban poverty and housing deprivationThe new faces of urban poverty and housing deprivation
5. Facilitating Improvements in Housing Quality
Ensuring Safety and Quality in Privatized Multi-apartment HousingEnsuring Safety and Quality in Privatized Multi-apartment Housing
6 Sustaining Housing Investment and Production
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004
Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia
Lithuania Poland Slovak Republic Slovenia
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1990 1995 1997 1998 2000 2002
Bulgaria Macedonia Romania Serbia Moldova Croatia
*Dwellings completed per 1000 inhabitants
Source: Tsenkova, 2010b
*Dwellings completed per 1000 inhabitants
Source: Tsenkova, 2010b
6 Sustaining Housing Investment and Production
6 Sustaining Housing Investment and Production
Housing Policy
Reforms
Policy Challenges
Policy Challenges
Recommendations
7. Affordability & Choice
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Cze
ch R
ep
Est
onia
Latv
ia
Lith
uani
a
Hun
gary
Pol
and
Slo
veni
a
Slo
vaki
a
EU
Homeowners free Homeowners with mortgage Market rent Subsidised rent Rent free
Source: EC, 2010 Notes: EU refers to EU25; data based on EU-SILC Survey carried out in 2007.
Source: EC, 2010 Notes: EU refers to EU25; data based on EU-SILC Survey carried out in 2007.
7. Affordability & Choice
9,072
11,557
17,931
25,394
20,810
3,310 3,4115,050
6,9998,678
10,567
12,939
16,320
22,166
6,5906,151
4,9412,7042,546
13,967
11,944
10,549
1,993 2,357 2,4243,169
4,0395,038
6,8437,987
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
руб
/ кв
. м
Construction costs
Prices in the secondary market
Prices in the primary market
Housing Policy
Reforms
Policy Challenges
Policy Challenges
Recommendations
Housing on the Political Agenda
Priorities for a resilient housing system in 7 domains
• Mobilizing housing finance• Building effective institutions• Targeting fiscal support to assist the
socially vulnerable people
http://evds.ucalgary.ca/profiles/sasha-tsenkova
Housing Policy
Reforms
Housing Policy
Reforms
RecommendationsRecommendations