housing, health and the ongoing crisis for inuit in canada
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NAHO Speaker Series, March 1, 2012 Presented by:Cathleen KnotschSenior Research OfficerTRANSCRIPT
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Housing, health and the ongoing crisis
for Inuit in Canada
Presented by:Cathleen Knotsch
Senior Research Officer
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• Who we are and how we work
• Our work on housing
• Our latest report: addressing the ongoing housing crisis for Inuit in Canada
• Some preliminary notes from the 2012 workshop on housing
• Research gaps, needs and recommendations
This presentation
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Promoting Inuit well-being
Inuit Nunangat
St. John’s
Montreal
Ottawa
Winnipeg
Edmonton
Yellowknife
Vancouver
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Knowledge Translation Tools
Inuit healing practices workshop, 2009
Canada’s peer-reviewedJournal on AboriginalHealth
2008 and 2012workshop on housing
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• Series began with the 2008 workshop
• Several documents on housing
• 2011 report on housing as an important determinant of health
• 2012 workshop
Health and housing realities for Inuit
2012WORKSHOPon housing
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Inuit are not as healthy as the rest of Canada
• Life expectancy in Inuit Nunangat was an average 12.2 years less than for all of Canada as a whole during 1999-2003, and this gap was shown to have been widening.
• Infant mortality in Inuit Nunangat is almost 3 times that of Canada as a whole.
• The mortality rate for Inuit Nunangat was twice that of Canada as a whole.
• Suicide/self-inflicted injury, respiratory disease, and unintentional injury are among the highest causes of death in Inuit Nunangat.
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• Hospitalization rates for Inuit children with severe lower respiratory tract infections are the highest in the world:
300 per year for 1,000 infants (Baffin region)
• There is a strong association between indoor CO2 levels and the risk of lower respiratory tract infection among Inuit infants and young children
Indoor air quality – infectious diseases
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Tuberculosis in Canada, 2009
Source: Public Health Agency of Canada, 2010. Tuberculosis in Canada2009. Ottawa, Minister of Health. Table 3.
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Source: Statistics Canada, Census of population, 2006, Table 9.
Living in crowded dwellings
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“In 2006, the Inuit were the youngest
Aboriginal identity group, with a median
age of 22 years.
By 2031, […] the median age of the Inuit
population would be between 31 and 32.”
Considering demographics
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Source: Statistics Canada. 2008. Analytical paper – Aboriginal Children’sSurvey, 2006: Family, community and child care. Table 3.3, p.43.
Children living in crowded dwellings
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Crowding and well-being
• Crowding as a chronic source of stress
• Crowding can lead to frustration, anger, violence, spousal abuse and increase in crime levels
• Crowding has a negative impact on learning outcomes and behaviour
Hudson’s Bay building
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• Multiple trauma and cumulative impacts at individual levels
• Crowding conditions create (chronic) stress, lead to physical diseases and unhealthy coping behaviours
• Local treatment capacities/facilities lacking in communities
• Language and cultural barriers in urban centres
2012 Workshop – mental health
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• Aging dwellings requiring repair
• Wear and tear due to cold climate
• Climate appropriate housing technology means inclusion of local knowledge and practices in construction
Housing quality
Downtown Iqaluit, Nunavut. Photo: Cathleen Knotsch
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Source: Statistics Canada. 2008. Analytical paper – Aboriginal Children’sSurvey, 2006: Family, community and child care. Table 3.3, p.43.
Children living in dwellings requiring repair
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• Crowding contributes to migration to urban centres
• Urban Inuit population is growing fast (about 22 per cent in 2006)
• Homeless population increasing – Montreal action plan against homelessness; Makivik negotiates the first Inuit case worker to help homeless women in Montreal
Housing and urban experiences
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The need for solution-oriented research
• Determinants of health research is still in its infancy (identifying points for intervention)
• Collaborative health research with communities on housing conditions and their influence on health is sporadic (local relevancy)
• Policy research is needed (identify existing policies for adjustment to improve the situation)
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Thank YouQujannamikNakurmik
KoanaMerci
Iqalugarjuk, Nunavut. Photo: Cathleen Knotsch
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Cathleen KnotschEmail: [email protected]
Dianne KinnonEmail: [email protected]
Web site: www.naho.ca/inuit
Housing documents are posted at: www.naho.ca/inuit/health-determinants/housing/
Contact