Launching the New Deal

Honors US HistoryChapter 13Mr. Brink

1932 ELECTION 1 out of 4 was

unemployed… nat'l income was

50% of what it had been in 1929

Repubs. nominated Hoover no hope

winner by a landslide = FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT (Dem - N.Y. governor)

Political Partnership –fireside chats

this was the name FDR gave to his new program to fight the Depression

it was a revolution in American society - changed completely the way the gov't functions

Reform minded like Progressives

Believed the government needed to take direct action to help the people

The New Deal

Eleanor Roosevelt

His eyes and ears – Why?

Influenced many social issues

Changed the role of the First Lady

The Hundred Days

Three goals

1. Relief-

2. Recovery-

3. Reforms-

Roosevelt Takes Action

the first phase of the New Deal dealt exclusively w/ eco. reform - unlike Hoover, FDR believed gov't legislation/involvement was crucial to stimulate the economy

step 1 - dealt w/ the banking crisis - BANKING HOLIDAY- banks shut down and subject to gov't inspection, allowed to open when "healthy"- people's confidence returned they redeposited, allowing banks to invest in the economy

(Emergency Banking Act)

Glass-Steagall Act created the FDIC

step 2 - stock market reform- Security Exchange Commission est. to police the NYSE (first chmn. was Joseph P. Kennedy)- practice of buying on margin was regulated

step 3 - to put more $ in circulation, FDR went off the GOLD STANDARD (gov't could print more $ than Fort Knox gold reserves would allow)- w/ more $ in circulation, wages and prices increased(= inflation), causing dollar value to lower- gave gov't spending power (Keynesian economics)

Martha Stewart

AGRUCULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT (AAA) - passed in 1933 to aid formers- its objective was to restore farmers' purchasing power and to restore the family farm - AAA had farmers cut back on crop production by paying them equivalent SUBSIDIES (paid not to produce) - bad side:

1) food production down when millions were starving

2) Black sharecroppers were hurt: white landowners paid not to farm so they got rid of Black tenant formers

in 1935, AAA was declared unconstitutional by courts (too much control over individual states), so it was revised and introduced as new legislation

EX: Food Stamp Act of 1939 - gave away surplus food to poor, also guaranteed (small) farmers a market

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA) - used to promote hydroelectric power, control flooding - lower rates private industry, manuf. fertilizer fed. gov't. took ownership (nationalization v. privatization)

UNEMPLOYMENT - still a major problem

FDR like Hoover was wary of gov't handouts - he wanted people to earn their keep so gov't agencies were created - temporarily - to address the unemp. problem

CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS (CCC) - in 1933 - set to establish work for young men (18-25) in areas of reforestation, soil conservation, flood control, road construction - also took them out of urban labour markets - but Blacks not permitted to enrol

NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT (NIRA) and NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMIN (NRA) were established to end animosity b/n labour and business all was redirected to industrial growth fair labour codes established - wages, no child labour, shortened work hours- business people challenged the NRA, claiming it was communist

they formed the LIBERTY LEAGUE - at LL's urging, the Supreme Ct. overturned the NIRA & NRA, claiming that fed. gov't was exceeding its authority (by interfering in state jurisdiction)

Trouble for the New Deal

Huey P. Long Father Charles

Coughlin Dr. Francis

Townsend American Liberty

League

The Second New Deal

Honors US History13.2

Mr. Brink

Emergency Relief NEW DEAL - SOCIAL REFORM ASPECT- after

1935, w/ immediate economic relief & reform addressed, New Deal turned to Social Welfare - more legislation...

Emergency Relief Appropriations Act People should now work for pay

WPA – 1935› Largest peacetime jobs program in US history› Employed 8.5 million total (3.4 million at its

peak)› Cost $11 Billion

What did it do?

The WPA “Dollar”The WPA “Dollar”The WPA “Dollar”The WPA “Dollar”

Artists of the WPAArtists of the WPAArtists of the WPAArtists of the WPA

The Annual MoveThe Annual Moveby Otis Dozier, 1936by Otis Dozier, 1936

The Annual MoveThe Annual Moveby Otis Dozier, 1936by Otis Dozier, 1936

Social Security Act (1935)- feared by opponents as "creeping socialism"- this act typifies the WELFARE STATE - unemployment insurance, old age pensions

Problem: it took some $ out of circulation (payroll deductions) at a time when purchasing power was already low- also, it only covered the unemployed

1936 - "Soak The Rich" tax

The Election of 1936The Election of 1936 Rural Electrification Act

ELECTION OF 1936 - FDR won easily (v Repub. Alf Landon - Kansas governor)

this victory gave FDR a mandate to continue his New Deal policies

Democrats gained in both houses of Congress

Democrats win 26 of 33 races for governor in States

African-Am. Switch to Democratic Party

NEW DEAL - SOCIAL REFORM ASPECT- after 1935, w/ immediate economic relief & reform addressed, New Deal turned to Social Welfare - more legislation...

National Labor Relations Act (aka Wagner Act)- it legitimized unions and labor tactics such as collective bargaining & collective action (strikes, etc...) - it outlawed BLACKLISTS & other anti-union practices› Established the NLRB (What impact on

unions?) Fair Labor Standards Act – 1938 – Did

what? CIO – new union for industrial workers

› Founded by John L. Lewis› Used sit-down strikes

Reviving Organized Labor

United States Supreme Court

1935 Schechter Poultry Corporation v. US

United States vs. Butler

How did these decisions impact the views of FDR?

A Troubled Year first objective: to reorganize the Supreme

Court - they disallowed some New Deal legislation

FDR wants # of judges changed from 9 15 (to "pack the court") - great opposition, so FDR w/drew this proposal

but judges retired & FDR got to appoint new ones they approved all New Deal legislation

Farm Tenancy Act

Supreme Court approves some of the New Deal

Effects of the New Deal

Honors US History13.3

Mr. Brink

Women

Frances Perkins

Ruth Bryan Owen

Men still paid higher wages

African Americans

William Hastie

Black Cabinet

Mary McLeod Bethune

FDR on discrimination

Mary McLeod Bethune

Native Americans

Indian New Deal

Indian Reorganization Act 1939› What did it accomplish

Role of Government Expands

Federal Government expands/more active …. How?

Larger Role in the economy› Employer› Socialism ???› Wagner Act› Rural America

Welfare State Environment

Presidency

Increased executive power Use of media – especially ________ Commander in chief Concerns??

› Led to the ______________________› What did it do?

Culture of the 1930’sCulture of the 1930’s13.413.4

What Industries in the United States would be “Recession-Proof?”

Popular EntertainmentMovies

Movie Palaces -Fox San Francisco Theater

Made moviegoers feel rich – even if only for a few hours

Color Movies – What the peck?

Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire

Frank Capra

Mr. Deeds Goes to Town

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

It’s a Wonderful Life

Charlie Chaplin

Modern Times – comedy looking at serious subject of the dehumanizing effect of industrial life.

The Marx Brothers

Gothic Horror

Radio

Religion Music Sports News Entertainment shows

–ex. Lone Ranger

“The War of the Worlds” - 1938

Music

Jazz

Swing

Benny Goodman

New Deal Public Art-Federal Art Project

Kansas Kansas CityCityfrom from

Politics, Politics, Farming, & Farming, &

the Lawthe Law

Thomas Thomas Hart Hart

Benton,Benton,19361936

Kansas Kansas CityCityfrom from

Politics, Politics, Farming, & Farming, &

the Lawthe Law

Thomas Thomas Hart Hart

Benton,Benton,19361936

Coit Tower

San Francisco

Construction of the Construction of the DamDam

by William Gropperby William Gropper

Construction of the Construction of the DamDam

by William Gropperby William Gropper

Telling the Story of the DepressionDorothea Lange

What author told the story of the depression? What song writer?

Migrant Mother

“Let Us Now Praise Famous Men” James Agee –

writer

Walker Evans – photographer

John Steinbeck

Comic Books – Comic Strips

Superman

Flash Gordon

Dick Tracy

Lou Gehrig – “The Iron Horse”

Babe Didrikson Zaharias

The Max Schmeling Fights

Joe Louis – “The Brown Bomber”