Honors Biology: Lesson 1

Assignment: Read Section 2.2. Define Vocabulary Terms and answer the Section Assessment questions, #1-5 on

pg. 41.

Define the following terms:

1. Hydrogen Bond

2. Cohesion

3. Adhesion

4. Solution

5. Solvent

6. Solute

7. Acid

8. Base

9. pH

Read the section and answer the following questions on pg. 41:

1. How do polar molecules form hydrogen bonds?

2. What determines whether a compound will dissolve in water?

3. Make a t-chart that compares acids and bases.

4. How do polar molecules differ from nonpolar molecules?

How does this difference affect their interactions?

5. Describe an example of cohesion in your everyday life.

Describe an example of adhesion in your everyday life.

Honors Biology: Lesson 2

Assignment: Read Section 2.3. Define Vocabulary Terms and answer the Section Assessment questions, #1-4

on pg. 46.

Define the following terms:

1. Monomer

2. Polymer

3. Carbohydrate

4. Lipid

5. Fatty Acid

6. Protein

7. Amino Acid

8. Nucleic Acid

Read the section and answer the following questions on pg. 46:

1. What is the relationship between a polymer and a monomer?

2. Explain how both nucleic acids and proteins are polymers. Be sure to describe the monomers that make up the

polymers.

3. How are carbohydrates and lipids similar?

How are carbohydrates and lipids different?

4. Explain how the bonding properties of carbon atoms result in the large variety of carbon based molecules in

living things.

Honors Biology: Lesson 3

Assignment: Read Section 2.4. Define Vocabulary Terms and answer the Section Assessment questions, #1-3

and 5 on pg. 51.

Define the following terms:

1. Chemical reaction

2. Reactant

3. Product

4. Bond energy

5. Equilibrium

6. Activation Energy

7. exothermic

8. Endothermic

Read the section and answer the following questions on pg. 51:

1. Hydrogen peroxide breaks down into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2).

Explain how this is a chemical reaction.

What are the reactants?

What are the products?

2. How do exothermic and endothermic reactions differ?

3. The process of Photosynthesis is exothermic. 6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O

What must be true about the bond energies of the reactants and products? Explain.

5. A chemical reaction can start when enough activation energy is added to the reactants.

Do you think the activation energy for chemical reactions in living things is low or high? Explain your answer.

Honors Biology: Lesson 4

Assignment: Read Section 3.3 and answer the Section Assessment questions, #1, 2, 4 and 5 on pg. 80.

Read the section and answer the following questions on pg. 80:

1. Why do phospholipids form a bilayer?

2. Explain how membrane receptors transmit messages across a cell membrane.

4. If proteins were rigid, why would they make poor receptors?

5. Insulin helps cells take up sugar from the blood.

Explain the effect on blood sugar levels if insulin receptors stopped working.

Honors Biology: Lesson 5

Answer #9, 10, 11, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29, 31

Describe one similarity and one difference between the two terms in each of the following pairs.

9. Eukaryotic, prokaryotic

10. Cell wall, cell membrane

11. Diffusion, facilitated diffusion

20. Cells are surrounded by a watery fluid, and they contain watery cytoplasm. Explain how the structure of the

lipid bilayer is related to these two watery environments.

22. How do transport proteins make it easier for certain molecules to diffuse through a membrane?

23. Under what conditions would a molecule need to be actively transported through a membrane?

24. Do you think exocytosis and endocytosis can occur in the same cell? Explain.

Assignment: Chapter 3 Review, pgs. 89-90.

25. What structural differences suggest that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells?

29. Why do you think only certain types of cells respond to a particular ligand?

31. How is facilitated diffusion similar to both simple diffusion and active transport?

Honors Biology: Lesson 6

Assignment: Cell Transport Webquest – Visit the following websites and answer the questions for Link 1-4

Link 1 – Cell Transport Overview and Membranes https://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/membrane_transport/membrane_transport.htm 1. What is meant by cell transport?

2. Defend this statement: Living organisms must be able to transport materials in and out of the cell in order to live.

3. Whether or not a molecule can pass through the cell membrane is determined by…..

4. How are smaller molecules like O2 and CO2 able to pass through the openings of the cell membrane? Link 2 – Online Textbook Diffusion Tutorial - http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_diffusion_works.html 1. If you have them, plug in your headphones. Otherwise, simply read the text and watch the animation. Describe what happens to moving molecules within a solution.

2. In terms of molecules, explain what happens to a sugar cube when it is placed into a beaker of water.

3. Define diffusion.

4. In the space below, create an illustration for the diffusion of molecules from high concentration to low concentration. 5. What can affect the rate of diffusion?

6. Predict: what would happen if you drop the sugar cube into a beaker of hot water vs. a beaker of cold water.

Link 3 - http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab1/concepts.html

1. What happened to the perfume molecules when you opened the lid?

2. The molecules will continue to spread out until they reach a state of…… Link 4 - Facilitated Diffusion Tutorial - http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_facilitated_diffusion_works.html 1. What is facilitated diffusion?

2. Explain what it means to say these protein channels are selective in what they allow into or out of the cell.

3. Facilitated diffusion involves the movement of particles ( with / against ) the concentration gradient.

4. In what ways are simple and facilitated diffusion the same?

5. How are they different?

Honors Biology: Lesson 7

Assignment: Cell Transport Webquest – Visit the following websites and answer the questions for Link 5-8

Link 5 - Online Textbook Osmosis Tutorial -

http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_osmosis_works.html 1. Most ______________ molecules cannot freely cross the cell membrane. Is this true for water molecules?

2. Define osmosis. 3. Why did the water molecules move from the left to the right side? Be sure to include the word concentration in your answer. 4. The solution with ( higher / lower ) solutes is hypertonic. The solution with ( higher / lower) solutes is hypotonic.

Link 6 - Omosis Scenarios - https://www.nl.edu/jste/osmosis.htm 1. Scroll down to the section titled “osmosis.” Draw and describe what happens to the cell in each beaker. Explain why this happens by giving the solution concentrations and discussing the movement of water. Beaker 1 Description: Beaker 2 Description: Beaker 3 Description:

Link 7 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-icEADP0J4 1. Define active transport.

2. In what type of situation would active transport take place?

3. Compare and contrast active transport and passive transport. 4. Draw and summarize the process of endocytosis. 5. Draw and summarize the process of exocytosis.

Honors Biology: Lesson 8

Assignment: Visit the following site and complete the experiment as directed on each page as you move

through the simulation. After completing the experiment, answer the questions at the end. As you

answer each question, type the correct answer in the space provided below. Please incorporate the

question into your answer and use complete sentences.

https://video.esc4.net/video/assets/Science/Biology/Gateway%20Resources/cell%20homeostasis%20virtua

l%20lab%20-%20activity/index.html

Follow the directions in creating your various beakers. You have to make a sketch of the beakers with their

different solutions. I am including a finished image here for that part. Next you have to weigh your tubes, please

place your findings in the data table below.

Dialysis Tube Mass Data Table

Tube Original Mass (g) Mass after 24 hours (g)

Difference in Mass (g)

A

B

C

D

E

Create a graph below showing Tube & Difference in Mass. (you may need to make a new data table with just those two columns then do insert chart and change your labels)

Questions:

1. Which dialysis tubes had little to no change in mass?

2. Why was pure water used as a control group?

3. Why didn’t the mass of “A” & “D” change over time?

4. Which statement below describes how a cell best responds to its external environment?

Honors Biology: Lesson 9

Assignment: Complete the following review for Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Review

Vocabulary: Match the phrases on the left with the term that best fits. Use answers only one time.

____1. Organisms that make their own food A. Chloroplasts

____2. Site of photosynthesis B. Anaeorobic

____3. Process occurs in a mitochondrion C. Aerobic

____4. C6H12O6 D. Glucose

____5. Process does not require oxygen E. ATP

____6. Process requires oxygen F. cell respiration

____7. Requires sunlight as an energy source G. Glycolysis

____8. Energy storing molecule of the cell H. Heterotrophs

____9. The anaerobic process of splitting glucose I. Photosynthesis

and forming two molecules of pyruvic acid

____10. Organisms that do not make their own food J. Autotrophs

Directions: Answer each of the following questions in a clear and concise manner.

1. Draw a Venn diagram that compares photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

2. Describe in your own words what cell respiration is and why it is needed.

3. Write the equation for cell respiration in words and chemical formula form.

4. In what step of cell respiration does glucose first get broken down? What does it get broken down to and where in the

cell does this happen?

5. Why do you think all organisms (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) can use glycolysis but not all organisms use the Kreb’s

cycle and ETC (only eukaryotes do)?

6. What is the difference in an aerobic process and anaerobic process?

7. Name the three processes of aerobic cellular respiration. How many ATP’s does each process produce, and what is the

total ATP produced from one glucose?

3 Processes of Cellular Respiration: # ATP produced:

Total ATP per 1 glucose =__________

8. What is fermentation and why is it important?

9. Our bodies use fermentation when our muscles lack oxygen. What is the type of fermentation used by us? Bacteria

and yeast also use fermentation in the process of making bread, cheese and yogurt. What type of fermentation do they

use?

10. Describe in your own words what photosynthesis is and why it is important.

11. Name the two stages of photosynthesis and list the starting molecule(s) or reactants and ending molecule(s) or

products of each.

Stages Starting Molecule(s) Product(s)

12. What is the general chemical equation of photosynthesis? Use both words and formula form.

13. Explain how the equations for photosynthesis and respiration are related.

14. Fill in the chart comparing and contrasting cell respiration and photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis Cell Respiration

Organelle for process

Inputs (Reactants)

Cycle of chemical reactions

Outputs (Products)

15. Animals do not perform photosynthesis; however, it is essential to our survival. Explain this.

Honors Bio: Lesson 10

Watch the following interview between Stephen Curry and Dr. Fauci about COVID-19.

Dr. Fauci is the long-time chief of the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (LIR). Dr. Fauci has advised six Presidents on HIV/AIDS and many other domestic and global health issues. He was appointed Director of NIAID in 1984. Steph Curry is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the NBA. A six-time NBA All-Star, Curry has been named the NBA Most Valuable Player twice and won three NBA championships with the Warriors.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRwkNQXbGKg&feature=youtu.be

Questions:

1. What does respiratory illness mean?

2. What is the mortality (death rate) of the seasonal flu?

3. What is the mortality (death rate) of the coronavirus?

4. What are two reasons we should keep social distance?

5. If you feel flu-like symptoms or a fever what is the first thing you should do? Why?

6. What does it mean to be recovered & can you get the virus a second time? (11 minutes)

7. Describe an antibody test. (18 minutes)

8. If we were to roll out a vaccine what does that process look like? What are the different phases? (19 minutes)

9. What’s the biggest misinformation currently out in public? (25 minutes)

10. Where is the best place to look for information on the coronavirus? Name of the website. (27 minutes)

Honors Biology: Lesson 11

Assignment: Food Webs – Complete the food webs and questions below as indicated.

Food Web I

1. For the food web, label each organism: (Some may have more than one label)

P = producer

1 = Primary Consumer

2= Secondary Consumer

3 = Tertiary Consumer

4 Quaternary Consumer

2. Now label each animal as either a - H = herbivore C = carnivore O = omnivore

Food Web II

Identify the:

1. Producers

2. Primary Consumers

3. Secondary Consumers

4. Tertiary Consumers

5. Herbivores

6. Carnivores

7. Omnivores

8. What elements are missing from this food web?

Construct a Food Web using the following animals. This ecosystem represents a farm area. The corn is the main source of food for many of the herbivores in the area. You do not have to draw pictures, you can just use the animal names and draw arrows between them.

A. SNAKE, CORN , CATERPILLAR, DEER, CROW, MOUSE, COUGAR, SQUIRREL, MICROORGANISMS (decomposers)

B. MOUSE, CORN, BLUEBIRD, KING SNAKE, HAWK, CAT, CRICKET

Honors Biology: Lesson 12

Assignment: Read Section 15.3, define vocabulary, and answer #1-5 on page 439.

Define the following terms:

1. Canopy

2. Grassland

3. Desert

4. Deciduous

5. Coniferous

6. Taiga

7. Tundra

8. Chaparral

Read the section and answer the following questions on pg. 439:

1. List and describe the six major biome types. Use the chart below.

2. What are the characteristics of mountains and polar ice caps?

3. How might stopping fires change a temperate grassland?

4. What might be an adaptive advantage of a polar bear’s skin being black under their white fur?

5. What limiting factors keep migrating birds from arriving too early in the Taiga?

Honors Biology: Lesson 13

Assignment: Complete the following activity. You will need a sheet of paper which you will cut into 20 pieces.

Random Sampling

Scientists cannot possibly count every organism in a population. One way to estimate the size of a population is to collect data by taking random samples. In this activity, you will look at how data obtained from random sampling compare with data obtained by an actual count.

Procedure:

1. Tear a sheet of paper into 20 slips, each approximately 4cm x 4 cm.

2. Number 10 of the slips from 1 to 10 and put them in a small container.

3. Label the remaining 10 slips from A through J and put them in a second container.

The grid shown below represents a meadow measuring 10 m on each side. Each grid segment is 1m x 1m. Each black circle represents one sunflower plant.

4. Randomly remove one slip from each container. Write down the number-letter combination and find the grid segment that matches the combination. Count the number of sunflower plants in that grid segment. Record this number on the data table. Return each slip to its appropriate container.

5. Repeat step 5 until you have data for 10 different grid segments (and the table is filled out). These 10 grid segments represent a sample. Gathering data from a randomly selected sample of a larger area is called sampling.

6. Find the total number of sunflower plants for the 10 segment sample. This is an estimation based on a formula. Add all the grid segment sunflowers together and divide by ten to get an AVERAGE number of sunflower plants per grid segment. Record this number in the table. Multiple the average number of sunflower plants by 100 (this is the total number of grid segments) to find the total number of plants in the meadow based on your sample. Record this number in your data table.

7. Now count all the sunflower plants actually shown in the meadow. Record this number in the data table. Divide this figure by 100 to calculate the average number of sunflower plants per each grid.

Random Sampling Data

Actual Data

Grid Segment

(number - letter) Number of Sunflowers

Total number of Sunflowers ______ (count by hand)

Average number of Sunflowers (divide total by 10) Per grid _____

Total Number of Sunflowers

Average (divide total by 10)

Total number of plants in meadow

(multiply average by 100)

Analysis:

1. Compare the total number you got for sunflowers from the SAMPLING to the ACTUAL count. How close are they?

2. Why was the paper-slip method used to select the grid segments?

3a. A lazy ecologist collects data from the same field, but he stops just on the side of the road and just counts the 10 segments near the road. These 10 segments are located at J 1-10. When he submits his report, how many sunflowers will he estimate are in the field?

b. Suggest a reason why his estimation differs from your estimation.

4. Population Sampling is usually more effective when the population has an even dispersion pattern. Clumped dispersion patterns are the least effective. Explain why this would be the case.

5. Describe how you would use Sampling to determine the population of dandelions in your yard or a local park.

Honors Biology: Lesson 14

Assignment: Data Analysis: pg. 433 in the textbook. Construct graphs and answer the related questions for the assignment.

Climatograms are combination graphs that represent weather data for a specific location or biome over a period of time, refer to the data table below & answer questions accordingly.

Average Climate in Albuquerque, New Mexico

Month Precipitation (mm) Temperature (C)

Jan 12.4 2.1

Feb 11.2 5.2

March 15.5 8.9

April 12.7 13.1

May 15.2 18.2

June 16.5 23.8

July 32.3 25.8

Aug 43.9 24.5

Sept 27.2 20.6

Oct 25.4 14.1

Nov 15.7 6.9

Dec 12.4 2.3

1. Graph data - plot the average precipitation as a bar graph and plot the average temperature as a line graph.

2. How would you describe the temperature change throughout the year in this location?

3. During which month is the precipitation level lowest for this location?

4. Is there a relationship between temperature & precipitation in Albuquerque, New Mexico? If so explain how they are related.

5. What is the benefit of using a combination graph to illustrate an area’s climate?

Honors Biology: Lesson 15

Assignment: Watch Planet Earth: From Pole to Pole and answer the questions below (Link will be posted on classroom / also on Netflix)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqSUbmaqEMU&list=PLfxhTqGFfAb5DY1fZ9-pF6wrIrL1ie-JT

Planet Earth – Pole to Pole Video Questions 1.Every part of planet Earth is touched by the ____________________________________________. 2.In which month does the sun hit the Arctic? ____________________________________________. 3.The mother Polar Bear goes _________ months without food. 4.Caribou herds can travel up to __________ miles during their journey. 5.What produces so much Oxygen that it changes the atmosphere? High elevation ____________ 6.The world’s rarest cat is the _______________ Leopard, found in Russia. 7.The rainforest covers only _______% of the Earth but contains more than _______ of its plants and animals. 8.The Blue Bird of Paradise does a sort of ______________ for their mate, the more bizarre, the better. 9.In South Africa, the waves turn up cold water and nutrients. When the sun hits the nutrients, the process of _______________________ occurs, greatly increasing the amount of life present. 10.How does the sun create a “monster”? _______________________________ 11.Water then condenses into ___________________________________________. 12.Without water, there is ____________ ________________________. 13.Deserts cover 1/3 of the land and every year, they _________________________________. 14.Which is the first land mammal shown to reach the African wetlands? ____________________________ 15.Which animals never seem to get their “sea legs”? ________________________________________ 16.Hunting Dogs use ____________________________ & ________________________ to catch Impala. 17.The Dogs average 1 kill per __________________. 18.Which animals are shown frolicking and swimming in the water? ______________________________

Honors Biology: Lesson 16

Assignment: Amoeba Sisters Video Recap – Nature of Science Visit the following site and answer the questions below: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nAETHZTObk

1. What is the scientific method? Is there just one universal scientific method? Why or why not?

2. Reflect on what was discussed in the video. How would you complete these general sentence stems

regarding the nature of science? Note: It’s important to remember that this video only mentions some

components of the nature of science! The below sentence stems can contain more characteristics, which

we encourage you to discuss and consider.

a. Science has a major goal of:

b. Science can lead to the development of:

c. It’s important to know that science is:

d. Why is it important to verify the credibility of a source when researching a topic?

3. What does it mean if a science paper is peer-reviewed and why is this significant?

4. Observations and inferences are important in science. How would you explain the difference between

the two words?

5. Constants (“controlled variables”) and a control are easily confused by students! How would you

explain the difference between the two words?

6. Why is a control group generally very important in an experiment?

7. Data Collection: Pinky’s science fair project in junior high, which is discussed at the start of the video,

focused on an observation that the crickets outside her window chirped less frequently when the

temperature was colder. Fun Fact: There are free “cricket chirp calculators” online you can explore,

which didn’t exist freely online when Pinky was in junior high. Consider if data was collected consisting

of the average number of cricket chirps at different temperatures in her backyard.

a. Which variable would be an independent variable?

b. Which variable would be a dependent variable?

c. Which variable (a or b) would ideally be plotted on the X-axis of a graph?

d. In the collection of data, list at least 3 important constants (also known as “controlled variables”)?

e. Brainstorm and write at least 3 potential challenges or important points to consider when conducting

the described data collection. Example: Repeated trials are not mentioned, and this would be

important for optimal data collection.

1. 2. .

3. .

Honors Biology: Lesson 17

Assignment: Scientific Method In Action – Read the descriptions of the experiments listed below and answer the questions that follow each one.

The Strange Case of BeriBeri

In 1887 a strange nerve disease attacked the people in the Dutch East Indies. The disease was beriberi. Symptoms of the disease included weakness and loss of appetite, victims often died of heart failure. Scientists thought the disease might be caused by bacteria. They injected chickens with bacteria from the blood of patients with beriberi. The injected chickens became sick. However, so did a group of chickens that were not injected with bacteria.

One of the scientists, Dr. Eijkman, designed a new experiment based on his own observations. Before the experiment, all the chickens had eaten whole-grain rice, but during the experiment, the chickens were fed polished rice. Dr. Eijkman researched this interesting case and found that polished rice lacked thiamine, a vitamin necessary for good health.

1. State the question or problem that Dr. Eijkman investigated.

2. What was the original hypothesis?

3. What was the manipulated (independent) variable and the responding (dependent) variable?

4. Write a statement that summarizes the results of the experiment.

5. How would Dr. Eijkman test his new hypothesis?

How Penicillin Was Discovered

In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming was studying Staphylococcus bacteria growing in culture dishes. He noticed that a mold called Penicillium was also growing in some of the dishes. A clear area existed around the mold because all the bacteria that had grown in this area had died. In the culture dishes without the mold, no clear areas were present.

Fleming hypothesized that the mold must be producing a chemical that killed the bacteria. He decided to isolate this substance and test it to see if it would kill bacteria. Fleming transferred the mold to a nutrient broth solution. This solution contained all the materials the mold needed to grow. After the mold grew, he removed it from the nutrient broth and then added the broth to a culture of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria in the culture died. Fleming's experiments were later used to develop antibiotics. .

6. State the question or problem that Fleming investigated.

7. What was Fleming's hypothesis?

8. How was the hypothesis tested?

9. Write a statement that summarizes the results of the experiment.

10. This experiment lead to the development of what major medical advancement?

Honors Biology: Lesson 18

Assignment: Current Event in Science

Directions: Locate an article on the internet that relates to a current event (within the last month) in science

other than the Coronavirus Outbreak. Place a link to the article in the space below or print out a copy of the

article.

Link:

Read the article and write a 2 paragraph summary on the article in the space provided below.

1. Source __________________________________________________________

2. Headline _________________________________________________________

3. Author ___________________________________________________________

Who (are the people involved in the article) _____________________________________

Where (is the issue taking place) ______________________________________________

When (did the issue happen) __________________________________________________

What (was the outcome?) ____________________________________________________

Why (did it occur?) ________________________________________________________

How (was it fixed) _________________________________________________________

Summary of the Article: