honors biology chapter 7 section 2 eukaryotic cell structure
DESCRIPTION
Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SC B -2.2: SUMMARIZE THE STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS OF ORGANELLES FOUND IN A EUKARYOTIC CELL(INCLUDING THE NUCLEUS, MITOCHONDRIA, CHLOROPLASTS, LYSOSOMES, VACUOLES, RIBOSOMES, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM [ER], GOLGI APPARATUS, CILIA, FLAGELLA, CELL MEMBRANE, NUCLEAR MEMBRANE, AND CYTOPLASM
Honors BiologyChapter 7 Section 2
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
![Page 2: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cytoplasm
Portion of the cell including everything inside cell membrane except nucleus
Cytosol: liquid portion of cytoplasm
![Page 3: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
NUCLEUS
Contains DNA with its coded instructions for making proteins so is the “control center”
most prominent structure seen with light microscope
Parts:NucleolusNuclear EnvelopeNuclear Pores
![Page 4: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
NUCLEUS
Nucleolus dense region in nucleus produces subunits of
ribosomesNuclear Envelope
dbl membrane surrounding nucleus
Outer layer contiguous with ER
Nuclear Pores holes thru envelope substances enter/leave
nucleus thru these pores
![Page 5: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DNA in NUCLEUS
chromatin: DNA bound to proteins (called histones)
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes when cell starts cell division
![Page 6: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
RIBOSOMES
assembly site for proteins2 subunits
Small Large made separately in nucleolus exit nucleus
thru nuclear pores join when making proteins
![Page 7: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
RIBOSOMES
Considering the function of ribosomes…. What types of cells do you think would have an abundance of ribosomes in them?
![Page 8: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Internal membrane system2 types:1. Smooth ER (SER)2. Rough ER (RER)
![Page 9: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SER
make membranes for cell membrane other organs
detoxifies drugs alcohol poisons
![Page 10: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
SER
So… considering the functions of SER……what types of cells can you predict might have an abundance of SER?
![Page 11: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
RER
“rough” because outer membrane is studded with ribosomes
proteins made & released into RER where they are modified (sugar groups added making a glycoprotein)
most of proteins made here are destined for export out of cell
![Page 12: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RER
What type of cell do you think would have lots of RER?
![Page 13: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
GOLGI APPARATUS
stack of curved membranesusually found between ER and cell
membraneFunction: modify, sort, & package
material received from ER storage in cell or export out of cell
![Page 16: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
GOLGI
In what types of cells do you think there would be an abundance of Golgi bodies?
![Page 17: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
LYSOSOMES
membrane bound vesicle that has enzymes inside
Function: breakdown of macromolecules into smaller molecules which are then recycled in cytoplasm
Where do these macromolecules come from?
![Page 18: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Lysosomes
Where do lysosomes get the macromolecules? worn out organelles engulfed bacteria or cell debris
![Page 19: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
VACUOLES
membrane bounded storage facilityProtists (one-celled organisms) put food
particles in a food vacuole until need the nutrients
plant cells have distinctive large central vacuole that stores water and some nutrients and helps plant maintain turgor when all cells have a filled central vacuole
![Page 22: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
MITOCHONDRIA
convert chemical energy in sugars ATP (high energy molecule that temporarily stores energy in form cells can use) = cellular respiration
dbl membrane intermembrane spacecristae : folds of inner membranematrix: inside folds of cristae
has own DNA (maternal) & divides on own
![Page 25: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
CHLOROPLASTS
in plant cellscapture energy in sunlight chemical energy
(photosynthesis)dbl membrane
intermembrane space inner membrane folds into thylakoid discs stack of discs = granum space around grana = stroma
contain chlorophyll+ DNA & divides on own
![Page 29: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
CYTOSKELETON
Function: internal structure & support movement of organelles & chromosomes anchors organelles and cellsMade of proteins
3 types:1. microfilaments2. intermediate filaments3. microtubules
![Page 30: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
MICROFILAMENTS
made of actinsupports cell shapeused by protist for movement
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter4/animation_-_cytoplasmic_streaming.html
![Page 32: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Intermediate Filaments
used to move organelles around cytoplasm
![Page 33: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
MICROTUBULES
largest, strongestshaped like hollow straws with units that
spontaneously come together or fall apartused to move organelles, chromosomesmade in centrosomes
![Page 34: Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062502/56816838550346895dddfedb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
CELL ANALOGY
Eukaryotic cells are like a city: each part has a job to be done Nucleus : mayor Mitochondria: power plant Lysosomes: city dump and recycling center SER: hospital Golgi: UPS store Cytoskeleton: roads & bridges Cell Membrane: border patrol @ city limits