honeypots: visão geral

Honeypots

Bernardo Maia Rodrigues

[email protected]

CSIRT PoP-MG

Computer Security Incident Response Team

Ponto de Presença da RNP em Minas Gerais

Introdução

Um honeypot é um recurso computacional de segurança dedicado a ser sondado,

atacado ou comprometido.

Aplicação● Detectar ataques internos;● Identificar varreduras e ataques

automatizados;● Identificar tendências;● Manter atacantes afastados de sistemas

importantes;● Coletar assiaturas de ataques e códigos

maliciosos (malware);● Detectar máquinas comprometidas.

Baixa x Alta Interatividade

Ambientes para os Honeypots● OpenBSD● FreeBSD● Linux● Windows ???

Survival Time: Windows “The survivaltime is calculated as the average time between reports for an average target IP address. If you are assuming that most of these reports are generated by worms that attempt to propagate, an unpatched system would be infected by such a probe.

The average time between probes will vary widely from network to network. Some of our submitters subscribe to ISPs which block ports commonly used by worms. As a result, these submitters report a much longer 'survival time'. On the other hand, University Networks and users of high speed internet services are frequently targeted with additional scans from malware like bots. If you are connected to such a network, your 'survival time' will be much smaller.”

http://isc.sans.org/survivaltime.html

Survival Time: Windows

Escolha do Ambiente

Máquina Virtual

Detectando Máquinas Virtuais/* VMM detector, based on SIDT trick written by joanna at invisiblethings.org

* should compile and run on any Intel based OS

* http://invisiblethings.org

*/

#include <stdio.h>

int main () {

unsigned char m[2+4], rpill[] = "\x0f\x01\x0d\x00\x00\x00\x00\xc3";

*((unsigned*)&rpill[3]) = (unsigned)m;

((void(*)())&rpill)();

printf ("idt base: %#x\n", *((unsigned*)&m[2]));

if (m[5]>0xd0) printf ("Inside Matrix!\n", m[5]);

else printf ("Not in Matrix.\n");

return 0;

}

Honeydhttp://www.honeyd.org

● Baixa interatividade● Daemon: redes virtuais● Configurável através de scripts para

simular aplicações de qualquer sistema operacional

● Niels Provos: engenheiro da Google, colaborador do OpenSSH e OpenBSD

Honeyd – Configuração$> cat /var/honeyd/conf/honeyd.conf

annotate "Linux kernel 2.2.13 (SuSE; X86)" fragment old

create brutessh

set brutessh personality "Linux kernel 2.2.13 (SuSE; X86)"

set brutessh default tcp action reset

set brutessh default udp action reset

set brutessh default icmp action reset

add brutessh tcp port 22 proxy 10.0.0.1:9999

bind *.*.*.* brutessh

create windows

set windows personality "Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP1"

set windows uptime 437849843

add windows tcp port 80 "scripts/iis5.net/main.pl"

bind *.*.*.* windows

Honeyd – Scripts$> cat /var/honeyd/scripts/hello.sh

#!/usr/local/bin/bash

echo "Hello world!"

while read data

do

echo "$data"

done

$> cat /var/honey/conf/honeyd.conf

create test

add test tcp port 23 "/var/honeyd/scripts/hello.sh"

bind 10.0.0.1 test

$> telnet 10.0.0.1 23

Trying 10.0.0.1...

Connected to 10.0.0.1.

Escape character is '^]'.

Hello world!

$> tail /var/honeyd/log/honeyd.log

2008-08-28-09:48:16.3539 tcp(6) S *.*.*.* 59255 10.0.0.1 23 [Linux 2.6 ]

Honeyd – Análise de Logs$> cat /var/honeyd/log/honeyd.log

2008-08-28-00:39:00.0156 tcp(6) - 189.34.72.204 39367 *.*.*.* 22: 60 S [Linux 2.6 ]

2008-08-28-02:03:34.8542 tcp(6) - 124.64.123.69 64161 *.*.*.* 8080: 48 S [Windows XP SP1]



2008-08-28-03:15:22.0131 tcp(6) - 58.215.93.7 6000 *.*.*.* 2967: 40 S

2008-08-28-04:13:58.0860 icmp(1) - 222.124.175.222 *.*.*.*: 8(0): 61

2008-08-28-04:41:32.8131 tcp(6) - 148.204.175.200 35480 *.*.*.* 22: 60 S [Linux 2.6 ]

2008-08-28-04:55:34.4515 icmp(1) - 12.210.84.232 *.*.*.*: 8(0): 61




2008-08-28-07:36:45.1329 tcp(6) - 125.230.79.108 4512 *.*.*.* 25: 52 S [Windows 2000 RFC1323]

2008-08-28-07:45:31.4038 tcp(6) - 201.3.202.102 34215 *.*.*.* 22: 60 S [Linux 2.6 ]

2008-08-28-08:36:44.6540 tcp(6) - 84.60.254.245 4126 *.*.*.* 8080: 48 S [Windows 98 ]

Honeyd – Análise de Logs$> cat /var/honeyd/log/brutessh.log

Fri Jun 13 16:12:41 2008: Authentication attempt (SSHv2) ! User: sandro Password: maconha

Fri Jun 13 16:12:41 2008: Connection from 200.168.71.203 port 18282

Fri Jun 13 16:12:42 2008: Authentication attempt (SSHv2) ! User: sandro Password: cannabis


Fri Jun 13 16:12:32 2008: Authentication attempt (SSHv2) ! User: sandro Password: vasco


Fri Jun 13 16:12:32 2008: Authentication attempt (SSHv2) ! User: sandro Password: flamengo


Fri Jun 13 16:12:36 2008: Authentication attempt (SSHv2) ! User: sandro Password: sandro


Fri Jun 13 16:12:37 2008: Authentication attempt (SSHv2) ! User: sandro Password: sandro1


Fri Jun 13 16:12:38 2008: Authentication attempt (SSHv2) ! User: sandro Password: sandro12

Nepenthes

● Baixa interatividade● Emula vulnerabilidades conhecidas para

coletar informações de ataques● Capta binários e os comandos executados

por worms● Mwcollect.org: Coleção de malware e

artefatos maliciosos

http://nepenthes.mwcollect.org/

Nepenthes – Módulos

Nepenthes – Análise de Logs$> cat /var/nepenthes/log/logged_downloads

[2008-08-27T04:24:58] 213.23.2.114 -> *.*.*.* tftp://192.168.168.199/mslaugh.exe

[2008-08-27T12:16:57] 88.156.57.191 -> *.*.*.* creceive://88.156.57.191:9988/0

[2008-08-27T13:02:57] 65.207.42.75 -> *.*.*.* tftp://129.12.19.71/msblast.exe

[2008-08-27T13:37:58] 83.92.20.178 -> *.*.*.* creceive://83.92.20.178:9988/0

[2008-08-27T14:10:51] 200.249.132.68 -> *.*.*.* link://200.249.132.68:42087/qFsh+A==

[2008-08-27T17:43:10] 200.249.132.68 -> *.*.*.* link://200.249.132.68:42087/qFsh+A==

[2008-08-27T18:03:06] 70.126.5.31 -> *.*.*.* creceive://70.126.5.31:9988/0

[2008-08-27T18:27:01] 170.51.137.180 -> *.*.*.* ftp://1:[email protected]:20864/directxx.exe

[2008-08-27T20:31:50] 200.13.254.183 -> *.*.*.* link://200.13.254.183:58382/eOkm/A==

[2008-08-27T21:37:29] 200.249.132.68 -> *.*.*.* link://200.249.132.68:42087/qFsh+A==

[2008-08-27T21:43:27] 208.28.150.10 -> *.*.*.* tftp://200.1.1.221/msblast.exe

[2008-08-27T23:18:42] 74.160.106.20 -> *.*.*.* creceive://74.160.106.20:9988/0

[2008-08-27T23:34:10] 24.98.111.69 -> *.*.*.* http://67.191.230.57/

Nepenthes – Análise de Logs$> cat /var/nepenthes/log/logged_submissions

[2008-08-27T12:17:15] 88.156.57.191 -> *.*.*.* creceive://88.156.57.191:18758 b1d52c56c5be86f927374870f1d62fb7

[2008-08-27T13:38:13] 83.92.20.178 -> *.*.*.* creceive://83.92.20.178:3947 32fc8b13d82583304d037859b7753c82

[2008-08-27T18:03:16] 70.126.5.31 -> *.*.*.* creceive://70.126.5.31:4450 3875b6257d4d21d51ec13247ee4c1cdb

[2008-08-27T18:27:23] 170.51.137.180 -> *.*.*.* ftp://1:[email protected]:20864/directxx.exe 382279b44f26c6d87ccaf5d8d4689738

[2008-08-27T20:31:53] 200.13.254.183 -> *.*.*.* link://200.13.254.183:58382/eOkm/A== 474312616dce04c03f13a20a6244b2bf

[2008-08-27T23:18:52] 74.160.106.20 -> *.*.*.* creceive://74.160.106.20:19673 3875b6257d4d21d51ec13247ee4c1cdb

Nepenthes – Binários Coletados$> ls -lha

total 74844

drwxr-xr-x 3 _nepenthes _nepenthes 15.0K Aug 28 08:42 .

drwxr-xr-x 7 _nepenthes _nepenthes 512B May 13 20:23 ..

-rw-r--r-- 1 _nepenthes _nepenthes 448K May 21 08:13 015638c416a489dac754f03871fd1968

-rw-r--r-- 1 _nepenthes _nepenthes 66.0K May 19 14:08 0159534b9de510b072a895d1ab29fd33

-rw-r--r-- 1 _nepenthes _nepenthes 544K Jul 5 17:40 01fd2bc35c6add923b86056bb605c20f

-rw-r--r-- 1 _nepenthes _nepenthes 56.0K Aug 20 00:27 023efa55a6f3083b592f436a2425f4a3

-rw-r--r-- 1 _nepenthes _nepenthes 78.5K Aug 10 18:57 038a00d06270c801f6edb4ad4202b9a3

-rw-r--r-- 1 _nepenthes _nepenthes 77.0K Jun 16 11:35 038c88bd8b2d8f7b2f5def3950ccabd5

-rw-r--r-- 1 _nepenthes _nepenthes 64.0K May 28 15:25 03dd2becb6d79c91b1a89c827fcfc9d7

-rw-r--r-- 1 _nepenthes _nepenthes 59.5K Aug 12 08:36 0521a4cc3dab5551463c7cb7bfdf1bfc

-rw-r--r-- 1 _nepenthes _nepenthes 76.5K Jul 1 11:17 0579339fbed0838000bf47121f4f57fe

-rw-r--r-- 1 _nepenthes _nepenthes 101K Jul 20 19:46 059227d3efd52f9c2b0d7d1b6b392ecb

Amun

● Baixa interatividade● Captura autônoma de malware● Escrito em Python● Facilidade de uso● Módulos e Exploits

http://amunhoney.sourceforge.net

Amun – Análise de Logs$> cat /var/amun/vuln_modules/vuln-ftpd/ftpd_modul.py

import psyco ; psyco.full()

from psyco.classes import *

import struct

import random

import ftpd_shellcodes

import amun_logging

class vuln:

def __init__(self):

try:

self.vuln_name = "FTPD Vulnerability"

self.stage = "FTPD_STAGE1"

self.welcome_message = "220 Welcome to my FTP Server"

self.shellcode = []

except KeyboardInterrupt:

raise

...

Amun – Análise de Logs$> cat /var/amun/logs/exploits.log*

2008-08-23 04:45:06,861 INFO exploit 209.60.60.19:2354 -> *.*.*.*:445 (PNP Vulnerability: bind://200.19.159.131:8594/)

2008-08-24 18:13:41,306 INFO exploit 122.160.202.148:33772 -> *.*.*.*:2967 (SYMANTEC Vulnerability: cbacks://61.246.185.69:1235/)

2008-08-24 18:26:01,128 INFO exploit 200.149.108.192:3064 -> *.*.*.*:445 (ASN1 Vulnerability: ftp://1:[email protected]:20579/['win.exe'])

2008-08-25 01:06:35,619 INFO exploit 200.249.132.68:3945 -> *.*.*.*:135 (DCOM Vulnerability: cbackf://200.249.132.68:47683/6Fch+A==)

2008-08-25 02:32:57,851 INFO exploit 200.249.132.68:1580 -> *.*.*.*:135 (DCOM Vulnerability: cbackf://200.249.132.68:47683/6Fch+A==)

2008-08-25 03:24:20,532 INFO exploit 24.87.32.159:3888 -> *.*.*.*:135 (DCOM Vulnerability: cbackf://24.87.32.159:24536/YmNpLg==)

2008-08-25 08:34:58,236 INFO exploit 125.211.218.29:3887 -> *.*.*.*:443 (IIS Vulnerability: http://thecric.free.fr:80/AZenv/azenv.php)

Amun – Análise de Logs$> cat /var/amun/logs/submissions.log*

2008-08-24 18:17:15,366 INFO [submit_md5] download (http://www.wuya1001.com:80/83.exe): f16ba3d216853f6f5d40bae499f17c51 (size: 62046) - SYMANTEC

2008-08-24 18:31:55,985 INFO [submit_md5] download (ftp://1:[email protected]:20579/['win.exe']): 8fcdb53b814d3155d232a149efaa40a8 (size: 132096) - ASN1

2008-08-24 18:44:21,365 INFO [submit_md5] download (cbackf://200.13.254.183:46886/eOkW/A==): 474312616dce04c03f13a20a6244b2bf (size: 68608) - DCOM

2008-08-22 15:22:43,798 INFO [submit_md5] download (ftp://liubinbin:[email protected]:21/['file/Ser1.exe']): aaaeaf9ab82f5cfe6738ca6cbed05085 (size: 61998) - SYMANTEC

2008-08-23 02:46:20,546 INFO [submit_md5] download (cbackf://200.210.158.130:32636/eOmR/w==): 989a2dbd1df28b9165f510bec67ebb3c (size: 100864) - DCOM

2008-08-23 07:08:58,329 INFO [submit_md5] download (http://www.wuya1001.com:80/83.exe): a6938c98d846767ac7bc616c64a9a106 (size: 62037) - SYMANTEC

2008-08-23 19:22:04,694 INFO [submit_md5] download (ftp://1:[email protected]:16083/['directxx.exe']): 382279b44f26c6d87ccaf5d8d4689738 (size: 179200) - ASN1

Análise de Malware: Identificação

Virustotalhttp://www.virustotal.com

Jottihttp://cwsandbox.org

Análise de Malware: Sandbox#/usr/local/bin/bash

for i in `ls /var/nepenthes/binaries/*`

do

echo $i

curl -F "[email protected]" -F "upfile=@$i" "http://cwsandbox.org/submit.php?action=verify" >> sandbox.txt

printf "\n" >> sandbox.txt

done

CWSandboxhttp://cwsandbox.org

Anubishttp://analysis.seclab.tuwien.ac.at

Monitoramento de Botnets

honeypots: visão geral

Documents