Home Security System Based on PIC18F452 Microcontroller Md. Shafiul Islam

Department of Electrical Engineering

University of North Dakota

Grand Forks, ND 58202

Email: md.s.islam@my.und.edu

Abstract- We used PIC18F452 microcontroller for hardware and

software implementation of our home security system design.

Based on PIC18F452, our system can monitor doors and windows

of a house and can set alarm and warming signal to a nearest

police station if anybody tries to break in. This security system

also provides the functionality to identify the residents ID card to

get access to the house without turning on the warning signal and

alarm. Also, the security system provides a status that is not

monitoring the door and windows since there is some possibility

that the host do not want the system always checks the status of

their house.

I. INTRODUCTION

Home security system has become popular to avoid robbery

and theft. Due to tremendous improvement in microcontroller

unit now a day's embedded system can provide security by

monitoring people’s house. Our designed PIC18F452 micro-

controller based home security system can monitor windows

and doors of a house [1]. The objective is to build an integrated

home security system using traditional magnetic switch

equipped doors and windows. Through monitoring the status of

doors and windows, we proposed the home security system can

send the warning signal to host or police station and sound an

alarm when there is an attempt of break-in. Our design offers

two status of monitoring. One is security status. When this

status is switched on through a button, the home security

system starts to monitor all doors and windows and will send

the warning signal if there is an attempt of break-in. The other

status is free-entry status. When this status is switched on, the

home security system stops monitoring the door and windows

and people can enter or go out of the house without causing

any kind of warnings. Also, this home security system provides

a functionality that can let only the residents enter the house

without causing the warning when the security status is on.

When anybody swipes his/her ID card, then the system reads

the card using a card reader attached to the door and tries to

match that with its own password array which was assigned

previously. If the password array matches with the given one,

then the home security system will close all warning signals

and will let the residents of the house to get in.

Fig. 1. Block diagram of the home security system.

II. PIC MICROCONTROLLER

PIC18F452 is one of the most popular microcontroller

which has lot of features to design embedded systems [2]. This

microcontroller is based on Harvard architecture and has 40

pins with five input/output ports. This microcontroller unit can

be used for handling interrupt, A/D conversion, timer, CCP

modules and other purposes too [1]. Because of its high

capability and being cheap we used this Microcontroller unit to

design our system [5]. Because this microcontroller unit

provides lots of feature so we are able to do further

modification of our design depending on user demand. It is

possible to process data with PIC18F452 microcontroller of

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which oscillator frequency can reach up to 40 MHz [1].

Fig. 2. Pin diagram of PIC18F452 [1].

III. SOFTWARE SUBSYSTEM

Algorithm: We used software MPLAB IDE v8.87 and HI-

TECH ANSI C compiler provided by microchip for

programming and implementation of our design. Algorithm

steps of our code are given below:

1. Defining the microcontroller.

2. Defining constants and variables.

3. Define reset vectors and interrupt vectors.

4. Defining the I/O ports.

5. Configure RCON, INTCON, INTCON2 and

INTCON3 registers.

6. Defining PORTA as input to allow residents to enter

the house.

7. When first interrupt occurs it sets the security system

by turning on the red LED through PORTC.

8. Then if anyone tries to break the door or window it

will set the alarm and will create an output through

PORTC to notify the nearest police station.

9. Repeat from step 3 to 7.

Source code in C programming language:

#include<p18f452.h>

#include<delays.h>

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

void low_ISR(void);

void high_ISR(void);

int id[5]= 0x00,0x50,0x49,0x51,0x52;

#pragma code high_vector=0x08

void high_interrupt(void)

#asm

goto high_ISR

#endasm

#pragma code

#pragma interrupt high_ISR

void high_ISR(void)

if (INTCONbits.INT0IF)

PORTCbits.RC2=1;

else if (INTCON3bits.INT1IF)

PORTC=0x03;

else if (INTCON3bits.INT2IF)

PORTC=0x03;

#pragma code low_vector = 0x18

void low_interrupt(void)

#asm

goto low_ISR

#endasm

#pragma code

#pragma interrupt low_ISR

void low_ISR(void)

#asm

retfie

#endasm

void main ()

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while(1)

int i;

TRISA=0xFF;

TRISC=0x00;

if (PORTA==id[5])

PORTCbits.RC0=0;

PORTCbits.RC1=0;

PORTCbits.RC2=0;

Delay10KTCYx(100);

if (INTCONbits.INT0IF)

PORTCbits.RC2=1;

if (INTCON3bits.INT1IF)

PORTC=0x03;

else if (INTCON3bits.INT2IF)

PORTC=0x03;

RCONbits.IPEN=1;

INTCON=0x90;

INTCON2=0xF0;

INTCON3=0xD8;

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

Delay10TCYx(100);

IV. HARDWARE SUBSYSTEM

We used PORTC of PIC18F452 microcontroller as output

and PORTB as input. When the residents are leaving from

house and press a bottom which generates the first interrupt

INT0 (Fig. 4.), that activates the whole security system. Then if

any intruder tries to break in through door or window that will

generate other interrupts signal through PORTB and will set the

alarm and will send a signal to notify the nearest police station

through PORTC of the microcontroller unit.

Fig. 3. Hardware which are simulating the home security system.

Every residents of the house is assigned with a password in a

card. So when they want to get inside the house they just have

to swipe their card through the card reader. If their password

matches with the assigned password the security system will let

them in by deactivating the system (fig. 3.).

Fig. 4. Security system is turned on (red LED) after the first interrupt given (

Black wire).

The residents have to repeat the process again to activate their

home security system whenever they need. Until they activate

the security system by pressing a button it will remain

deactivated.

Interrupt

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Output

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Fig. 5. Graphical interface of MPLAB IDE v8.87 for coding and to program

the PIC18F452 microcontroller unit.

Fig. 6. Green LEDs simulating the result for alarm and output to notify the

nearest police station.

V. RESULT

In our embedded system lab we used capacitor of .1µF

and resistors of 512Ω to generate interrupts for the security

system through PORTB using push pull circuit. When we

have given first interrupt which is INT0 through RB0 pin of

the microcontroller unit our security system turns on by

showing the red LED (Fig. 4.). Then if anyone tries to break

in through the door or window that will generate INT1 and

INT2 sequentially through RB1 and RB2 pin which will set

the alarm and will give an output thorough PORTC to notify

the nearest police station about the break in (Fig. 6.). To

implement our design we used two green LEDs to simulate

the outputs due to hardware limitations. One green LED

simulates the alarm and another one simulates the output for

notifying nearest police station. If any residents want to enter

the house then they have to swipe their card which will be

read through PORTA, and if the password array in the card

matches with the given password array, the security system

will allow the resident to get in and will deactivate the

warning signals (Fig. 3.).

VI. CONCLUSION

Embedded systems can be designed for various purpose

and it's easy to modify. The source code and hardware we

developed for the home security system is very cheap,

reliable and easy to implement. It can be further modified as

needed. It also gives the perfect result as we desired

according to design. We didn't built the circuit on printed

circuit board though tested the design using breadboard in

embedded system laboratory.

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