home & garden 2015

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A SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT TO

• 10 Reasons why you want a pro to take care of your trees

• Miniature and Fairy Gardens

Home, Lawn Garden

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HOME LAWN & GARDEN Tuesday, April 21, 2015

By JACI [email protected]

Perhaps it was a sprinkle of fairy dust inhaled at a trade show, but four years ago, when Patty Cornell started seeing miniature gardens popping up every-where she looked, she knew it was going to be big.

She was right.Miniature and fairy gardens are the terrarium

craze made new again. Except instead of planting in clear plastic containers with lids, miniature gardens allow you to create your own world anywhere − in your garden, beneath a tree in your yard or in a con-tainer of your choosing.

� e explosion in popularity has led to the cre-ation of several lines of fairy gardening materials that produce fairies, trolls, animals, houses, ponds, bridges and boats.

Cornell, who, along with husband Eric and Nick Poehler, owns Turtle Creek Nursery on Owatonna’s east side, is all in. � is year, Turtle Creek touts seven di� erent lines of miniature gardening supplies, from moss to gnomes to trolls to whole villages.

And of course, Turtle Creek also has the � ora to go with the miniature fauna — and everything else.

Poehler, who is the architect of the miniature vil-lage that is displayed in Turtle Creek’s store, likens

the craze to creating with model trains. Poehler said he loved building little towns with model trains when he was younger and now that has translated into the care he took in constructing his miniature village.

Look carefully enough, and you’ll see an owl gaz-ing down hungrily at a tiny squirrel nestled in the grass. Pass over a covered bridge carefully, as a troll hides in the creek bed beneath. Both are Poehler’s handiwork.

Cornell said the interest in miniature gardening has transcended generations and genders. People who don’t necessarily count themselves as gardeners can be seen building a small scene. People who don’t have space to garden can build a garden for their desk at

A garden gnome waits outside an open door

with � owers. (Jaci Smith/Owatonna People’s Press)

These colorful mailboxes are part of a new line Turtle Creek Nursery got in this year. Most of the lines are more earth- and neutral-toned, so this new line adds a spark of color, says Turtle Creek Owner Patty Cornell. (Jaci Smith/Owatonna People’s Press)

Nick Poehler, co-owner of Turtle Creek Nursery and Landscaping, puts a miniature squirrel right into the sightline of a miniature owl perched on a ledge in the garden Poehler created on the sales � oor at Turtle Creek. The popularity of fairy — or miniature — gardens have exploded in recent years. (Jaci Smith/Owatonna People’s Press)

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See GARDEN C3

Tuesday, April 21, 2015 HOME LAWN & GARDEN PAGE 3

work or in a pot for their home.Cornell says she sees grandmas and daughters,

sisters and friends. She even knows one man who, with his granddaughter, turned the entire pond in his back yard into a giant fairy garden, which of course he must update and expand upon every year.

Turtle Creek o�ers classes on fairy gardening — as many as demand requires — through Community Services and more informally through the store. �ey can supply a container, or you can bring one that tickles your fancy.

“We’ve seen them in an old wheelbarrow, a wa-tering can,” Cornell said. “I’ve even seen them in old suitcases.”

For $30, you can put together a small garden in a pot, she said.

�e most popular plants for fairy gardens include succulents, which require a minimum of care and can usually survive in just about any environment, as well as miniature mosses like Irish moss. Creeping thyme works well, as do baby ferns. Turtle Creek has, over the last four years, steadily increased the number of plants it sells for these special gardens.

Fairy gardening fan Deidre Brown-Leer has been constructing her own scenes with materials from Turtle Creek for the last several years. She has also taught classes at Turtle Creek on constructing your own garden.

Her passion for fairy gardening caught �re about the same time as Cornell’s, about four years ago. Her �rst e�ort was a small pansy pot.

Today, she works on a village that sits on a 3-foot by 5-foot table on pedestals that she can move wher-

ever she’d like to have it displayed in her yard. She changes or adds pieces every year, as well as replaces the plants depending on where the table is displayed.

“People come over and look it at a lot,” Brown-Deer said. “It’s fun to watch their reactions because they’ll �nd things every time that no one has ever seen before. It’s new every time.”

A miniature camping scene made with the newest line available at Turtle Creek, which features bright colors. (Photo courtesy of Turtle Creek Nursery and Landscaping)

A mermaid lounges in the pond while a fairy stands by, watching. Such scenes are common in miniature gardens, which allow the creator as much creativity as they’d like to display. (Jaci Smith/Owatonna People’s Press)

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From C2

GARDEN: Turtle Creek o�ers classes on fairy gardening

TIPS ON FAIRY GARDENINGPatty Cornell at Turtle Creek Nursery

and Landscaping o�ers these tips for those interested in starting a miniature or fairy garden. Turtle Creek is holding an open house the last weekend in April if you want to learn more:• Plan how big you want your garden

to be before you start buying. Think about scale and proportion• Consider a theme — what do you

want this scene to portray? Not all fairy gardens have fairies. Some can have animals, gnomes or trolls. • Pick your house �rst and build

around that as the centerpiece.• Consider pansies. The character

Oberon in Shakespeare’s “Midsummer Night’s Dream” made a fairy spell using pansies.• Trim, trim, trim your plants in a

fairy garden or else they’ll overtake the residents.


By JACI [email protected]

Walking out of your house, you take a look around and notice something.

� e trees are hanging a little low for your lik-ing. � ey’re lurking, like unwanted guests who stay too long, over the cars in your driveway or banging against the windows in your bedroom.

You consider calling in a professional, but then you think, “� at’s so expensive and it takes forever for them to get out here. I can do this. I have a pole pruner. I have a ladder.”

And you better hope you have insurance, too.Trees are a wonderful addition to any prop-

erty. But there’s a right way and a wrong way to care for them, and the wrong way can o� en be costly and even dangerous for you.

Here are 9 reasons why you should let a pro-fessional give your trees the love they need, and why Ytrees are just plain awesome, period.

9. Trees = AirIt’s that simple. Sure, there’s a complex sci-

ence behind that simple equation, but the fact remains, the more trees we plant and grow, the more air we have to breathe. How can that not be a good thing?

Just remember, before you plant, make sure there’s room for roots that will extend beyond the branches underground; make sure the soil is nutrient-rich to support a tree; and select a tree that not only � ts in with your landscaping but also one that will � ourish where it is planted.

8. Trees = lower utility billsErect a wind break and watch your heating

bills go down in the winter. Plant a shade tree and in a decade or so, enjoy lower air conditioning costs in the summer. Trees can lower your utility bills by as much as 10 percent.

Farmers love wind breaks because they help combat soil erosion, which in turn helps water quality.

7. Trees = food Like pears? How about apples? Plums, cher-

ries or apricots? Do you want to pay $2 a pound for any of them?

Why would you when you can grow them for a fraction of the cost. Minnesota has the right climate and good soil for fruit trees to � ourish, with the right kind of care. In return, they provide a bountiful harvest that can save you money at the grocery store.

As an added bonus, is there anything more beautiful than a fruit tree blossoming in the spring?

6. Tree trimming = tree longevity

� ere’s a right way and a wrong way to trim trees. A professional knows, for example, that if you trim a tree too late in the spring, when the

sap is running, it opens the tree up and makes it easier for the wrong critters to burrow in, or for disease to � ourish.

Trees need to be trimmed before they bud, and they should be trimmed by a professional, who will know how to get the best growth and the healthiest tree.

5. Hiring a pro = See cool tools like this It doesn’t matter how many tools you have,

you don’t have this one. � is is a forestry head, used for clearing lots of tree stumps and bushes,

and cleaning up wetlands.� is one, the only one in the region, accord-

ing to its owner, recently chewed up and cleared 40 miles of landscape in 11 hours to create an ATV trail near Duluth, said Brayton Johnson,

Kyle & Brayton JohnsonOf�ce: 507-583-7592Cell: 507-438-4101

Serving the Owatonna, Blooming Prairie and Austin Area

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9 reasons why you shouldn’t ignore your trees this year

Photo courtesy Wikipedia Commons

Photo courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.Brayton Johnson operates the forestry head he recently took up to Duluth to help a cus-tomer clear 40 miles of land for an all-terrain vehicle trail. Johnson, co-owner of Johnson Construction and Tree Service, says it’s the only one of its kind in the area. (Jaci Smith/Owatonna People’s Press)

Photo courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.

Photo courtesy Wikipedia Commons


co-owner, with his dad, Kyle, of Johnson Con-struction and Tree Service in Blooming Prairie.

�ere’s just nothing in your garage that’s go-ing to chew up rogue bushes, saplings and tree stumps as fast or as cleanly as this machine.

4. Trees = Higher property valuesSure, new construction is great, but how can

you wait for so long until you have shade trees? �ere’s something about driving down a tree-covered street and pulling into a home with ma-ture trees that’s appealing to the senses.

That’s not bunk, either. Arbor Day Foun-dation’s research found that more than three-quarters of Realtors believe mature trees have a “strong or moderate impact” on the salability of homes listed for under $150,000; on homes over $250,000, the perception increases to 98 percent, according to Realty101.com.

3. Untrimmed trees = Insurance issuesSometimes, storms happen. And with them

comes downed branches and possibly even the whole tree. But it takes a lot to topple a tree and as any forestry expert will tell you, most fall be-cause something had already weakened the tree in the �rst place.

Don’t end up with your home or auto in-surance agent on speed dial. Have your trees checked out at least once a year by an arbor-ist, who knows the signs of a tree or large branch that may be in danger of coming down. 2. Untrimmed trees = Sharing home with animals

Squirrels are fun to watch as they chase each other from tree to tree, o�en accomplishing as-tonishing feats of acrobatics.

�ey’re not so fun when you can hear them skittering around your attic or crawl space in the dead of winter, however. �e easiest way to welcome a critter like a squirrel into your home is to let the branches of your tree grow so long they hover enticingly over your roof — a simple leap from one to the other.

Squirrels are smart. �ey’ll �nd a way in if

you provide them a leafy road to travel. Don’t do it; hire someone to trim those trees back.

1. Trimmed trees = Safe home Here’s a good rule of thumb, from the U.S.

Department of Agriculture: If the tree or its branch is less than 5 cm (about the size of a lime) in diameter, you can cut it yourself. Anything larger than that, consider hiring a professional.

Why? Arborists have a fatal accident rate that is 10 times that of any other industry, according to the Tree Care Industry Association. �ere’s a reason for that — it’s dangerous, even for the professionals. It becomes exponentially more so when you are not trained or you don’t have the proper equipment.

It’s not that expensive to hire someone to check out and trim or cut down trees that need work, particularly when you compare it to a hos-pital bill.

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From C4

REASONS: �e right way and wrong way to trim trees9 reasons why you shouldn’t ignore your trees this year

Kyle and Brayton Johnson, of Johnson Construction and Tree Service in Blooming Prairie, bought this forestry head to be able to quickly and easily respond to customers who want a tree stump chewed up or some land cleared. (Jaci Smith/Owatonna People’s Press)

A street �lled with mature, well cared for trees can improve property values. (Photo courtesy Wikipedia Commons)

Workers from Johnson Construction and Tree Service remove a tree from where it fell on a home. (Photo courtesy of Brayton Johnson)

Oh sure, he’s cute out here, but just wait until this little guy builds a nice nest for himself and his partner in your attic. Trimming your trees back will help prevent that from hap-pening. (Photo courtesy Wikipedia Com-mons)

This is a perfect illustration of why you shouldn’t try to cut down a tree on your own. Turns out this gentleman, from the United Kingdom, was �ned for this particular stunt, according to a story on www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2179307/Barking-Gardener-�ned-6-000-neighbour-snapped-perched-treetop-holding-chainsaw.htm.DailyMail.com (Photo courtesy of the DailyMail.com)


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A more eco-friendly lawn is just steps away Maintaining a lush lawn is a healthy and rewarding hobby that affords homeowners to spend some time outdoors in nature. Lawn enthusiasts can make their hobby even healthier by adopting several eco-friendly lawn care strategies that not only make for a healthier lawn, but a healthier planet as well. Responsible landscaping has grown increasingly popular in recent years, as more and more homeown-ers are adopting eco-friendly lawn care practices in the same way they have embraced environmentally conscious behaviors in other areas of their lives. The following are a handful of ways lawn care enthusiasts can incorporate eco-friendly practices into their land-scaping routines. Maintain an appropriate grass height. When tem-peratures start to peak in summer, homeowners may be tempted to cut their grass as close as possible so they can reduce the number of afternoons they spend riding or pushing a mower in the hot sun. But cutting too low makes the grass increasingly susceptible to in-festations and disease, and such problems may need to be remedied with potentially harmful pesticides if no other approach proves effective. Even if it means an extra afternoon or two mowing under the hot sun, maintaining an appropriate grass height can lead to a

healthier lawn, as longer grass soaks up more sunlight, allowing it to grow a deep root system that will help a lawn survive drought and other potential problems. Cut back on harmful pesticides. Many homeown-ers now prefer to avoid pesticides at all costs, but some-times pesticides are a last resort when lawns are falling victim to harmful insects and organisms. Homeown-ers who want to embrace more eco-friendly lawn care practices can cut back on their use of pesticides, first trying more environmentally friendly options. For example, biopesticides are made from naturally oc-curring materials, including animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, biopesticides are often inherently less toxic than more conventional pes-ticides. In addition, biopesticides typically affect only the pest causing the problem, whereas broad spectrum pesticides may affect surrounding organisms, such as birds and mammals, in addition to the targeted pest. The EPA (www.epa.gov) advises homeowners hoping to use biopesticides first learn about managing pests so they can effectively remedy problems on their proper-ties.Harvest rainwater. Lawns need water, especially when temperatures rise in the summer. But watering lawns

can have an adverse effect on your community’s wa-ter supply, draining that supply and hurting the com-munity in the long run. Homeowners who can harvest rainwater can drastically reduce their impact on their community water supply, thereby helping the planet and their community, especially if they reside in locales where water resources are traditionally scarce. When rainwater is harvested, it is collected from downspouts before it washes into nearby sewage systems. Many lawn and garden retailers sell rainwater harvesting sys-tems, which homeowners can install themselves or pay a landscaping professional to install for them.

Lay mulch down around trees, shrubs and flower beds. Trees, shrubs and flower beds need water, especially in the summer when rising temperatures pose a threat to plants. Homeowners can cut back on the water they use to protect those plants by laying organic mulch in the spring. Organic mulch conserves moisture in soil, promoting stronger roots in plants and helping home-owners cut back on the amount of watering they need to maintain a garden that’s both healthy and pleasing to the eye. Organic mulch, which might be made of bark, is also heavy, making it hard for ugly weeds that rob plants of water to thrive.


Restoring lawns and gardens back to their pre-winter glory is high on many a homeowner’s landscaping to-do list. In much of the country, the best times to tackle lawn projects are when temperatures are moderate, like in spring and fall. These seasons also mark the best time to seed and fertilize.Planting and fertilizing new grass seed should be done when frost is no longer a concern and before frost arrives if you are planting in autumn. According to Roger Cook, a landscape contractor and contributor to This Old House magazine, sowing lawn seed should be done when the soil is warm, the daytime temperatures are moderate and you can keep the new seeds quite moist at all times. While grass seed can be applied in the summer, it is more challenging to get the seeds to take root and thrive at this time, as water is more likely to evaporate under the hot sun. Also, many weeds germinate in the heat of summer. As a result, the weeds can infiltrate areas of the lawn where you planted, compromising the look of your lawn.The process of reseeding and fertilizing your lawn is relatively similar if you decide to do so in late spring or early fall.Rake the parts of the lawn you plan to seed and remove any debris or rocks. Apply fertilizer to the cleared planting area. Use a rake or tiller to break up the soil and distribute the fertilizer to a depth of roughly two to four inch-es. Speak with a landscaper about which type of fertilizer you will need depending on where you live. Many fertilizers contain extra phosphorous to stimulate root growth in the lawn.Moisten the prepared area and let the soil settle. You want the soil damp but not so wet that it causes the newly applied fertilizer to run off.

Begin to sow the grass seed according to the rate indicated on the seed bag for the type of grass you will be growing. Choose a grass seed that will thrive in your climate. Certain seeds are more tolerant of drought and sunlight, while other species are better for shady areas or damper climates. Again, if you have any questions, consult with a lawn and garden center.Spread the seed with a broadcast spreader. Some lawn experts recom-mend spreading the seed in parallel rows and then repeating the process again in rows set at a right angle to the first series of rows for the best chances of seed coverage. The seeds then can be raked into the soil, cov-ered with a little more soil and patted down.Water to keep the seeds damp. This may require watering twice or more per day until the seeds begin to germinate. Covering the seeds with about 1⁄4 inch of straw also can help keep the seeds moist, deter seed scavengers and prevent soil erosion. Remove the straw once the grass begins to grow.Roughly four weeks after the seeds have started to grow, apply another round of fertilizer to replenish the top layer of soil with nutrients that may have washed away from the constant watering.Homeowners can employ a similar process to overseed a lawn in the hopes of producing a thicker, more attractive landscape. Any thatch and debris should be raked away, and the top layer of the lawn surface can be gently aerated. Top dress the lawn with a very thin layer of new soil and compost. Broadcast the seed over the prepared lawn and lightly rake the new seeds to help them settle into the soil. Apply fertilizer and water the lawn frequently to keep the new seeds moist.Once the seed has established itself, you can water the lawn for longer periods and less frequently to help develop strong roots. Wait for the

lawn to reach a height of three to four inches before the first cut of the season.Many homeowners like to take on the challenge of seeding and pre-paring their lawns. But some may find the task is best left to the pro-fessionals.

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First-time homeowners or those just beginning to embrace their inner landscaper may notice their neighbors using a machine to punch holes in their lawns and wonder what they’re doing. While aeration is slightly more complicated than simply punching holes in a lawn, that’s likely what your neighbors are up to when you see them manning an unfamiliar ma-chine in their lawns.Aeration may be a foreign concept to men and women with little lawn care experience, but it’s a relatively simple way to ensure your lawn stays healthy.

WHAT IS AERATION? Lawn aeration is the practice of perforating the surface of a lawn in an effort to promote stronger roots and a healthier landscape. A host of fac-tors, from inclement weather to kids using the yard as a playground to the type of grass in a yard, can make it difficult for lawns to thrive. Aerating is a way to counter some of the things that prevent lawns from looking lush.

WHY SHOULD I AERATE? Aeration is practiced so lawns can grow deeper roots, as poking holes in the surface breaks up compacted soil, thereby allowing air, nutrients and water to reach the root system. Over time, a lawn that is not aerated is likely to feature compacted soil

that won’t absorb water and nutrients, which are essential to maintaining a healthy lawn. Lawns that are not aerated also tend to build up thatch. Thatch is a mat-ted layer of materials that can build up in a lawn over time. Grass clippings and other debris might not stick to your shoe when you walk through the yard, but they are combining to create thatch just below the surface of the grass. That thatch also makes it difficult for water and nutrients to reach the soil where they can promote strong, healthy root systems. Aeration helps to combat the buildup of thatch and promote a healthy lawn.

CAN I DO IT MYSELF? Homeowners with little experience caring for their lawns may want to consult professionals before tackling the project themselves. Many pro-fessional landscaping services have experience in aerating lawns, which can be labor-intensive. Aerating is not necessarily a difficult task, but some aerators do not cover much soil surface with each pass they make, so it can take a while to complete a full aeration of your lawn. In addition, some homeowners may be uncomfortable operating an aerator, and that can lead to mistakes that can harm a lawn. Homeowners pressed for time or those concerned about their ability to operate an aerator may benefit from hiring professionals and then watching how the pros do it. If you watch carefully, you might be more confident come the next time your lawn needs to be aerated.

HOW OFTEN SHOULD I AERATE? Lawns that are not subject to heavy use can go longer between aerations than those with more frequent use. If kids play in the yard every day or if you routinely host parties where guests spend lots of time in the yard, your lawn will benefit from more frequent aeration. Speak to a landscaping professional about how often your property needs to be aerated, as there may be certain region-specific variables that will influence how frequently a lawn should be aerated.

WHEN SHOULD I AERATE? Landscaping professionals recommend aerating lawns during the growing season, when holes created by aeration can be filled by growing grass. Homeowners should consult with a landscaping professional about when to aerate their lawns, as the type of grass may also determine the best time to aerate.Aeration is a great way for homeowners to ensure their lawns stay lush and healthy for years to come.

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Find the best method of treating warm weather insects Homeowners know that the arrival of spring also marks the re-emergence of insects. While not every insect is harmful, if an infestation grows considerably or if insects begin to move from the outdoors into a home, it may be time for homeowners to call in a pro-fessional. The Entomological Society of America points out that homeowners cannot count on bitterly cold winters to help control the numbers of insects in their yards. Insect ecology is affected by various fac-tors and is not solely dependent on temperature. Fur-thermore, what occurred one year certainly may not be repeated the next, as homeowners who have had various insect infestations in their yards can attest. One year a yard may be overcome with ants, while the next year it may suffer through an earwig infesta-tion. The first step homeowners looking to curtail in-sects in their yards can take is to determine if the in-sects they see are genuine threats to their lawns. Some bugs emerge and swarm early in the season, but then gradually disappear as spring turns into summer. Other insects may come out of hiding if a homeown-er is doing a lot of yard work or construction around a house. Practice a wait-and-see approach to deter-mine if you really have an insect problem or just have stirred up activity. Homeowners also must decide if it is bearable living with the insects. If insects are not doing any damage or if they can be controlled relatively easily, then you might be able to avoid calling in the profes-sionals. However, if critters like termites and certain species of wood-eating insects are invasive and dam-aging your yard, you may need to take action. Anyone concerned with the side effects of pes-ticides and insecticides can first try to remedy the problem naturally. Sometimes it’s just a matter of making a yard less hospitable to insects. Remove

leaves and clean up debris close to the house, as these can both encourage infestations. Piles of rotting wood or leftover firewood can be a food or shelter source for a number of insects. Inspect water spig-ots for leaks and improve suspect drainage on your property, as these things can be welcoming to bugs that like moist surroundings. Remove standing water whenever possible to eliminate spots for mosquitoes to incubate larvae. Natural remedies also may do the trick. Mint, bay leaves, catnip, and garlic can repel insects like roaches and ants. Citrus can be a natural flea deterrent. Some homeowners have had success planting marigolds around their yards to serve as a natural bug repellent because the flowers produce a scent that many insects find repulsive. Thai lemon grass plants also can be used to keep mosquitoes at bay.Remember, natural predators, such as birds, bats, spiders, and larger insects, feed on nuisance bugs. Keeping these helpful predators around may be an effective and natural way for homeowners to control annoying pests. If an insect problem seems out of control or if you need a professional opinion about the damage be-ing done to your home or landscape, consult with an exterminator. Licensed exterminators have the training and expertise to assess insect concerns and create a plan of action that will minimize the risk to inhabitants of your home and nearby wildlife. An exterminator will know what it takes to treat insects and maximize the chances of removing the problem promptly and effectively. Warm weather is synonymous with many things, including the return of insects. Homeowners may be able to treat unruly bugs on their own, but especially problematic infestations may require the help of ex-perienced exterminators.


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Common lawn critters and pests Critters and pests can make landscaping afficiona-dos want to pull the hair out of their heads. Such un-wanted guests can come along just as a lawn or gar-den is rounding into shape, disrupting plant growth and leaving an unappealing landscape in their wake. The following are some of the more common critters and pests and how to recognize them.

Chinch bugs: Chinch bugs like to feast on grass that is significantly exposed to sunlight. Though tiny chinch bugs are visible to the naked eye, homeown-ers may find they need to get especially close to the ground to see them. Chinch bugs may be living in thatch, so dethatching your lawn with a rake can make it easier to detect their presence. As chinch bugs rob grass of its moisture, they also inject toxins into the grass that loosens it from the soil.

Grubs: Grubs are the larvae of beetles and are the nemesis of many a landscaping enthusiast because they typically produce patches of unsightly brown grass in their wake. The grass is discolored because grubs eat its roots, and the resulting damage may be mistaken for sun damage when temperatures are es-pecially high. Worm-like in appearance, grubs also are a nuisance because they serve as a food source for wildlife, including raccoons and skunks. Such ani-mals may cause further damage to a lawn in search of grubs to eat.

Moles: Moles tend to appear in lawns that have been excessively watered, as these burrowing mam-

mals like to dig into the soil so they can fill up on grubs, insects and worms that live below the surface of a lawn. Overwatered lawns typically have moist soil, which makes it easier for moles to dig. The pres-ence of moles is pretty easy to detect, as they typically leave mounds of soil in their wake. Those mounds are located where moles have dug into the ground look-ing for food. Mole crickets: Mole crickets are a formidable foe to homeowners. As mole crickets tunnel through the soil beneath a lawn looking for insects to eat, they leave brown patches behind and affect the feel of the grass, which may feel as though it’s squishing and squashing beneath your feet. Mole crickets may eat grass roots, so the presence of dying grass may be indicative of a mole cricket infestation. Voles: Voles are small rodents that chew their way through the grass, leaving unsightly trails of damage in their wake. Homeowners who suspect their lawn has been victimized by voles can usually tell because the voles will leave noticeable pathways in the ground that can make a lawn look cracked in the way a road-way may looked cracked after an earthquake. Many critters are specific to certain regions, so before addressing a pest issue in your lawn, speak with a local lawn and garden or land-scaping professional to confirm just which pestis causing so many problems around your property.


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Hanging items vertically frees up more space in a shed or garage.

Secrets to keeping an organized shed

Despite other intentions, homeowners often turn their garages into storage centers for random, little-used items, leaving little to no room for the tools and even vehicles that actually belong in a garage. Such homeowners may turn to sheds to store their garage overflow and keep yard equipment at the ready, but storage sheds are not immune to clutter, and homeowners may find the very structure erected to keep them organized requires a bit of organization itself. A well-organized shed can save homeowners time and energy, as it’s easy to abandon or delay a project if you can’t find that pair of work gloves you stashed. The first step to any organizing project is to take everything out of the shed and determine just what needs to go back in. Items that do not belong in the shed should be moved to their rightful locations or tossed in the trash if they’re no longer needed. Make a pile of anything that will be kept, a separate one for donations and a third for garbage. Take inventory of what you have so you know whether you’re missing any items or you have something and do not need to purchase another. Now that the entire shed is empty, you can assess just how much room you have. Utilizing vertical and overhead space effectively can free up areas on the floor for larger equipment. Shelving, racks, pegboards and any other materials that enable you to hang or store items off the floor are good investments. Visit your nearby home improvement retailer to find items that can simplify your storage. You also may be able to put scrap wood to use to make your own storage shelves or a work bench. Extra kitchen cabinets can be installed in the shed to

organize additional items. In order to remember where items go, label or sort them accordingly. Some people like to take organization a step further by tracing the outline of tools hung on the wall so they can be placed back in the same spot after use. This also serves as a visual reminder of which tools are missing and which ones need to be purchased. Don’t forget to utilize shed doors as additional storage space. Hang frequently used tools, such as rakes and shovels, on the inside of the doors so they will always be easily accessible.You also can repurpose storage solutions designed for other areas of the home. For example, magnetic knife holders can be mounted to a shed wall to keep paintbrushes organized. These holders also can be used to keep many small metal tools tidy. Metal funnels can hold twine and string. Thread through the narrow end of the funnel for a handy dispenser. Keep dangerous substances off the floor and out of reach. Gasoline, chemical fertilizers and other potentially dangerous substances should be stored high up to keep pets and children safe. Make sure the shed floor is sturdy and level. This makes it easier to neatly store larger items. Roll in the lawnmower, wheelbarrow and any other cumbersome items. Now that more things are mounted vertically, you should find that you have more area to move around. Taking the time to clean and organize a shed can help make anyone more productive.


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Maintaining bird feeders and bird bathsessential to avian health Bird watching is a pastime enjoyed by people of all ages. While many people trek into the woods to see their favorite birds, homeowners can take steps to entice these fascinating and feathered friends right to their backyards. Homeowners who want to attract birds to their properties can do so by providing the birds food, shelter and places to wash up or cool off. Installing a bird feeder and a bird bath in your yard is one way to attract a bevy of winged creatures that can provide hours of enjoyment. Establishing a bird-friendly environment may seem as simple as hanging a feeder on a pole or tree and erecting a bird bath nearby. But a certain level of maintenance is needed to keep birds healthy and happy. According to the experts at the Bird Watcher’s Digest, recent research indicates feeders can some-times be a source of disease for the birds visiting them. The Audubon Society echoes that warn-ing, saying that bird feeders and baths can serve as transmission stations for diseases such as as-pergillosis, avian pox and salmonellosis. Recently, scientists noted that the spread of trichomonad protozoan parasites is on the rise, especiallyamong mourning dove and band-tailed pigeon populations. Such warnings are not meant to deter budding birding hobbyists. Organizations like the Audobon Society hope that such warnings send the message that disinfection and maintenance is necessary to maintain sanitary environments for birds. Doing so is relatively easy and well worth the time for birding enthusiasts. The Humane Society of the United States advis-es cleaning hanging feeders once every two weeks or more often if they’re heavily used. Ground-feeding designs should be cleaned every two days. Feeders can be immersed in a very-diluted solu-tion of bleach to water (nine parts water to one part bleach). Let soak for a few minutes, and then scrub the feeder with a stiff brush or scouring pad before rinsing. Allow the feeder to dry completely before

refilling it with seed. Bird baths should be emptied of water each day. Brush or wipe the bath clean, then rinse and refill with fresh water. Do not leave standing water overnight; otherwise bird baths can easily become a breeding ground for mosquitoes and other para-sites. Frequently collect discarded seed hulls and clean bird droppings from beneath feeders. If the area around the feeder has become especially soiled, relocate the feeder elsewhere and clean its initial location. Follow proper instructions with regard to seed and other bird food. For example, reduce the amount of suet offered in hot weather. Heat can cause suet to spoil, and sticky suet can become stuck in birds’ feathers and make it hard for them to keep clean. Try to provide more than one feeder and bird bath to prevent overcrowding. Crowding can con-tribute to the spread of disease. Do not situate feeders and bird baths under perches where they can be soiled by droppings. If you notice birds look sick or are not act-ing strangely, halt feeding and bathing to prevent healthy birds from becoming ill. Wait a week be-fore resuming feeding and notify wildlife officials if you find dead or sick birds around your property. Locate feeders and baths at least 30 feet away from windows so birds do not get confused by re-flections and collide with the glass. Store seed in a dry container with a tight-fitting lid to prevent mold from forming and moisture from getting in. Creating a thriving habitat for bird watching is easier than one might think. But once birds be-gin visiting a yard, homeowners must diligently maintain clean feeders and bird baths to ensure the birds stay as healthy as possible. Any ques-tions about wild-bird care can be directed to a local Audubon Society chapter or by visiting a pet store or bird hobby center.


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Did You Know? Damage to a lawn may be indicative of various problems. Everything from insects to rodents to the family pet may be responsible for causing burnt patches, holes and other eyesores. Getting to the bottom of the problem is the first step in remediation. Burning and discoloration of the lawn is often a result of high concentrations of dog urine pooling in one area. Diluting the urine by hosing down areas of the lawn can clear up many problems. Birds, raccoons, skunks, moles, and other rodents may feed on grubs that reside just under the thatch of the lawn, and animals may tear up lawns in search of this delicacy. Treating the grub problem usually alleviates damage caused by animals. Mole crickets are another common lawn destroyer. These insects resemble crickets, but they burrow beneath the turf to feed on plant roots. The mole crickets can push up channels of turf as they burrow, exposing roots to the elements and causing the grass to die. Getting rid of the insects can revitalize the lawn.


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Common mistakes made on home renovation projects

Home improvement projects can turn a house into a home. Homeowners plan scores of renovations to transform living spaces into rooms that re� ect their personal tastes and comforts. Homeowners going it alone may � nd things do not always go as planned. In fact, a Harris Interactive study found that 85 percent of homeowners say remodeling is a more stressful undertaking than buying a home. But homeowners about to embark on home improvement projects can make the process go more smoothly by avoiding these common pitfalls.

Failing to understand the scope of the project Some homeowners don’t realize just how big a commitment they have made until they get their hands dirty. But understanding the scope of the project, including how much demolition and reconstruction is involved and how much time a project will take can help homeowners avoid some of the stress that comes with reno-vation projects. For example, a bathroom reno-vation may require the removal of drywall, re-inforcement of � ooring to accommodate a new bathtub or shower enclosure and the installa-tion of new plumbing and wiring behind walls. So such a renovation is far more detailed than simply replacing faucets.

Not establishing a budget Homeowners must develop a project bud-get to ensure their projects do not drain their � nances. If your budget is so in� exible that you can’t a� ord the materials you prefer, you may want to postpone the project and save more money so you can eventually a� ord to do it right. Without a budget in place, it is easy to over-spend, and that can put you in � nancial peril down the line. Worrying about coming up with money to pay for materials and labor also can induce stress. Avoid the anxiety by setting a � rm budget.

Making trendy or overpersonal improvements Homeowners who plan to stay in their homes for the long run have more free reign when it comes to renovating their homes. Such homeowners can create a billiards room or paint a room hot pink if they so prefer. How-ever, if the goal is to make improvements in or-der to sell a property, overly personal touches may make a property less appealing to prospec-tive buyers. Trends come and go, and improve-ments can be expensive. If your ultimate goal is to sell your home, opt for renovations that will look beautiful through the ages and avoid bold choices that may only appeal to a select few buy-ers.

Forgetting to properly vet all workers It is important to vet your contractor,but don’t forget to vet potential subcontractors as well. Failing to do so can prove a costly mis-take. Contractors o� en look to subcontractors to perform certain parts of a job, and it is the responsibility of homeowners to vet these work-ers.

Expecting everything to go as planned Optimism is great, but you also should be a realist. Knowing what potentially could go wrong puts you in a better position to handle any problems should they arise. � e project might go o� without a hitch, but plan for a few hiccups along the way.

Overestimating DIY abilities Overzealous homeowners may see a renova-tion project in a magazine or on television and immediately think they can do the work them-selves. Unless you have the tools and the skills necessary to do the work, tackling too much can be problematic. In the long run, leaving the work to a professional may save you money. Home improvements can be stressful, but homeowners can lessen that stress by avoiding common renovation mistakes.


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Dos and don’ts of kitchen remodels

According to Remodeling magazine’s “2014 Cost vs. Value Report,” a major kitchen remodeling project should enable homeowners to recoup 74.2 percent of their initial investments. Kitchen renovations have long been a safe way to improve the functionality and value of a home. But not every kitchen project is a guaranteed winner. Homeowners may inadvertently make changes that end up sticking out like a sore thumb rather than improving the space. Take a look at these kitchen remodeling dos and don’ts to guide your next undertaking. DO consider the way your kitchen will look with the rest of the home. Keep architectural integrity in mind when designing the space. A farmhouse sink and country cabinets can look out of place in an ultra-modern home. DON’T overlook the importance of a seasoned designer or architect. �ese pros will know the tricks to maximizing space and achieving the ideal layout of appliances and may be able to recommend local contractors and vendors. DO look beyond surface details to the structural integrity of the design. �e kitchen should be functional, long-lasting and beautiful. DON’T design just for today, but look to the future as

well. Unless you are willing to spend $50,000 every �ve years, look for styles and materials that will last for the long haul. Older homeowners may want to make adjustments now that address potential mobility issues down the road. DO work with what you have. A complete demolition and renovation is not always necessary to achieve the desired results. Only invest in major changes if something is not working (such as having to walk across the entire kitchen to access the stove) or is unsafe. Otherwise, minor upgrades may do the trick. DON’T over-improve the space. A fully equipped commercial kitchen may be handy for a professional chef, but the average person may not need an industrial hood and indoor pizza oven. When you make excessive improvements, you may not be able to recoup as much of the money spent because your home will not be on par with the values of homes in the neighborhood. DO make sure you can a�ord the project. Plan for some unexpected purchases and plan out the renovation according to your budget. Skimping on materials or design because of lack of money may leave you feeling dissatis�ed a�erward.


Home renovations are typically exciting, as homeowners get to see the visions of their dream homes come to light right before their very eyes. Turning an outdated bathroom into a modern oa-sis or an empty basement into the ultimate man cave strengthens the sense of attachment home-owners have with their homes. But few home renovation projects go from start to � nish without experiencing a few bumps in the road along the way. Such bumps can be di� cult to handle for homeowners working on their � rst renovation projects, but there are many ways for novices to navigate the sometimes murky waters of home improvement projects and come out rela-tively unscathed on the other end, where a newly renovated home awaits.

Plan well and know what to expect. When working with contractors, get all agreements in writing and spell out exactly what you desire in

a home renovation. Photo references can help guide contractors and architects. Ask for the full picture of what can be expected with the work, from demolition to the punch list. Knowing what lies ahead can keep you grounded throughout the project. Discuss work each day and set payment sched-ules. Make payments contingent on work com-pleted. � is can help keep contractors on schedule. Paying for all work upfront leaves homeowners at a disadvantage, as it does not provide incentive for workers to be timely and e� cient. Check in with workers to get daily progress reports. Have reasonable expectations. A renovation project may exceed its budget and take longer than initially expected. Understanding that these po-tential setbacks might be part of the process will make it easier to handle them when the foreman speaks to you about any issues that arise.

Accept the mess. Construction work is messy. � ere’s no way to maintain a pristine house when contractors are entering and exiting all day. Dust is bound to be generated, and tools can � ll up rooms. A home in disarray can be stressful, but continue to visualize the end result and the mess won’t both-er you so much. Establish a contingency plan. Bathrooms and kitchen renovations are typically the most disrup-tive home improvement projects. Going without a kitchen can make it di� cult to enjoy meals at home, while a bathroom remodel may require you to navigate water shuto� s. If your project is sched-uled to take several months, establish a contin-gency plan to deal with the consequences of your

renovation project. Speak with family members about using some of their home amenities, and prepare and freeze meals in advance so you can reheat them later on when you don’t have access to your stove. Plan your escape. Sometimes the constant work and mess of construction is too much to bear. A� ord yourself time away by visiting relatives or staying at a hotel. Even a single night away can pro-vide the relief you need. A home that is undergoing a remodel can be a less than comfortable environment. But homeown-ers who have never before lived through a renovation project can take several steps to make the process go as smoothly as possible.

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Tips for homeowners on their � rst renovation projects


�e presence of mold in a home is a sight few homeowners want to see. In addition to being unsightly, mold found in a home can be unhealthy. While certain cleaners may prove e�ective at removing mold, homeowners who want to remove existing mold growths and prevent fu-ture growths may bene�t from gaining a great-er understanding of mold and why it grows in-side homes.

What is mold? Mold is a blanket term used to describe fungi that can be found both indoors and out-doors. Many species of mold exist, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that some estimates suggest there may be more than three hundred thousand di�er-ent species of mold. Common indoor molds

include cladosporium, penicillium, alternaria, and aspergillus.

Which conditions promote mold growth?Homeowners may notice that mold tends to grow in speci�c areas of their homes but not in others, and that’s because molds grow best in certain conditions. Warm, damp and humid conditions, such as those found in poorly ven-tilated bathrooms and basements, make ideal breeding grounds for mold.

What are the e�ects of mold exposure? Molds are a natural and resilient part of the environment, but mold growth indoors should be addressed and avoided. Mold spores are tiny and invisible to the naked eye, and when these spores attach to wet surfaces, they begin to grow. Once these spores begin to grow, they

can then a�ect people in various ways. Roughly a decade ago, the Institute of Medicine found su�cient evidence to support a link between exposure to indoor mold and respiratory tract issues, such as coughing and wheezing in people who were otherwise healthy. �e same report found that mold may trigger asthma symptoms among people with asthma and hy-persensitivity pneumonitis, a disease in which the lungs are in�amed when a person breathes in certain dusts he or she is allergic to, in people susceptible to that condition. Some people who do not have a preexisting condition can still be sensitive to molds. When

exposed to mold, such people may experience symptoms like nasal stu�ness, eye irritation, wheezing, or skin irritation.

How can exposure to mold be decreased at home? Adequate ventilation is arguably homeown-ers’ best friend with regard to reducing mold exposure at home. Control humidity levels in areas of the home that tend to be warm and hu-mid, such as the kitchen and bathroom. Install an exhaust fan in the kitchen and bathroom and a window in the bathroom if yours does not already have one. �e CDC recommends that humidity lev-els be no higher than 50 percent throughout the day, and an air conditioner and dehumidi-�er can help you keep indoor humidity levels in check, especially during the summer when humidity levels tend to be their highest of any time during the year. When renovating your home, remove any existing carpeting from bathrooms and base-ments and toss out soaked carpets or uphol-stery as well. If painting will be part of your home renovation projects, add mold inhibitors to paints prior to application. Mold that grows inside a home is unsight-ly and potentially unhealthy. But concerned homeowners can take several reactive and pro-active steps to reduce existing mold growths and prevent them from returning in the future.

�e potentially harmful e�ects of mold in your home

Power tool safety tips

Poorly ventilated bathrooms are susceptible to mold growth.

Power tools can dramatically reduce the time it takes to complete home improvement projects. Professional contractors regularly rely on power tools for cutting and sanding, and many do-it-yourself renovators follow suit and invest in power tools to help get the job done. But power tools, in spite of their usefulness, are not without risk. According to the Work Safe Center, power tool injuries account for as many as 400,000 emergency room visits in the United States each year. Power nailers, chain saws and table saws account for the greatest number of injuries. Keeping safe is of the utmost priority when using power tools. Here’s how:

• Read all manufacturers’ instructions and guidelines before use.• Keep your tools clean and in proper operating condition.• Use the right tool for the job.• Always wear eye protection, such as safety glasses or goggles.

• Wear standard cotton or leather work gloves to protect hands.• Consider the use of earplugs or earmuffs with loud power tools.• Don’t use power tools in proximity to flammable vapors, dust or construction materials.• Always check that wires are kept away from blades.• Maintain a tight grip on a tool.• Do not overreach when using tools, and maintain balance.• Pay attention when working with any power tool.• Only use attachments specifically recommended for the power tools and ensure proper installation.• Unplug all power tools during breaks and anytime when tools are not in use.• Routinely inspect tools for damage.• Keep tools stored in secure locations when not in use.


Mother Nature is consistently inconsistent these days, when 30-degree Mondays might be followed by 60-degree Tuesdays. Fickle weather is o� en accompanied by large � uctuations in temperature, strong storms and unseasonable conditions, making it di� cult for homeowners to maintain comfort levels in their homes. As a result of � uctuating temperatures, home heating and cooling systems have been heavily taxed. Growing reliance on HVAC systems has also driven up energy bills, as moderate weather synonymous with spring has given way to more days of extreme heat or extreme cold. As summer approaches once again, reducing cooling costs is a priority for many homeowners. � e following are a few ways to cool your home’s interior without causing a spike in your energy bill. Reduce sun exposure. Much of the hot air in-

side of a home can be attributed to sunlight expo-sure throughout the day. Walls and windows on the south and west sides of a home will bear the brunt of the sun’s rays, so close shades and drapes on this side of the house to maximize coolness. Shades and curtains can save you up to 7 percent on your bills and lower indoor temperatures by up to 20 degrees. Homeowners also may want to think about install-ing a retractable awning on areas of the house that get a lot of sun. Planting shade trees is another way to naturally cool down hot sides of the house. Draw more air into the attic. Hot air rises, and in the summertime hot air can get trapped beneath the roof in the attic and eaves of a home. While an attic should have vents, homeowners can speed up the exchange of hot air with a simple trick. Open up a window on a shady side of the home, and then open the attic door or take out the access panel and

place a box fan inside to blow air up into the attic. � is will disperse the hot air and help force it out through the vents. Use fans productively. Using box fans to suck cool night air in from east- and north-facing win-dows and to push out hot air from west- and south-facing windows is another way to increase circu-lation through a home. Running fans may be less costly than turning on air conditioners. Also, set ceiling fans to rotate counter-clockwise. � is will pull cooler air up from the � oor and create a wind-chill e� ect. Switch to LED or CFL bulbs. Ninety percent of the energy used for incandescent bulbs is emit-ted as heat. � is not only wastes electricity but also can make conditions hotter inside a home. Switch to cooler, more e� cient light bulbs. Reduce humidity levels. Humidity makes hot temperatures feel even hotter. Clean laundry, take showers and run the dishwasher at night or early in the morning before the day heats up. Don’t forget to vent bathrooms and kitchens by turning on exhaust fans when water is in use. Rely on a programmable thermostat. Setting a thermostat to adjust the air conditioning system automatically means homeowners can keep the temperature raised when they’re not home and then have it lowered shortly before they arrive home. � e thermostat also can adjust temperatures for day and night use. Keep doors closed. Do not cool rooms that are unused. Maximize the cool air in lived-in spaces by

blocking o� rooms that do not need to be cooler. Invest in more insulation. Insulation does not just keep homes warmer in the cold weather. Insu-lation also prevents hot air from in� ltrating living spaces while keeping cooler air where it’s needed. Sealant around windows and doors also will prevent unnecessary air exchange.

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Many stains are instantly noticeable. But while a wine stain on a light-colored carpet or a gravy stain on a white shirt tend to jump out right away, other stains sneak past our radars every day. Ceiling stains are one type of stain that tend to go unnoticed for long periods of time. But ceiling stains can be unsightly, and some are even indicative of a larger problem, so it pays for homeowners to address stains on their ceilings as soon as possible. Start with the source. Low kitchen ceilings tend to fall victim to oil stains, which are an unfortunate side e�ect of cooking. But not all stains can be so eas-ily traced to their origins. Some ceiling stains, such as those in bathrooms, may be a byproduct of mold, while others may be indicative of plumbing problems. Identi-fying the source of a stain is o�en the �rst step toward eradicating it.

Fix the problem. Once you have identi�ed what’s causing the stain, �x the problem as soon as possible. Ceiling stains are o�en indicative of much larger problems, and the longer those problems are allowed to fester, the bigger they be-come. Some water stains on ceilings result from cracks or joints that have not been adequately sealed or caulked. Reseal or recaulk any cracks you suspect are leading to ceiling stains. If you have determined a leaky roof is behind your stained ceilings, then have the roof inspected for damage, and prepare yourself to �nance a new roof if the inspector determines that’s the best solution. Cover nearby furniture. If you �nd ceiling stains above living areas, then be sure to cover the furniture below such ceil-ings with a tarp. Even if your stain solution will be made primarily of water, you don’t

want to risk compounding your ceiling stain problem by staining your furniture as well. Remove the stains. Di�erent stains require di�erent treatments. A solution made of water and bleach may be e�ective at removing ceiling stains, but only ap-ply such solutions on days when you can open the windows and air out your home. Larger stains may require the application of a stain blocker, which may need to be applied with a roller and brush. No mat-ter the stain, you need to leave time for the ceiling to dry before you can move on. Opening the windows can prevent your home from being overcome by the smell of bleach and also speed up the time it takes the ceiling to dry. Cover the ceiling with primer. Once the ceiling has completely dried, you can apply a stain-blocking primer to prevent future stains. Allow the primer ample time to dry. Apply a fresh coat of paint. A�er the primer has dried completely, you can then repaint the ceiling. Some paints may blend in even if you only paint the a�ected ar-eas of the ceiling, but others will require a complete repainting of the ceiling. �e eye test will help you determine how much work you have to do in that regard.

When buying carpet for the first time, home-owners can be overwhelmed with unfamiliar termi-nology. Navigating such terminology, not to men-tion the vast array of options inside typical carpeting stores, can be difficult and make carpet buyers ner-vous about making the right decision. Homeowners looking for carpeting for their homes are bound to hear about particular fibers and types of carpets. But such talk is lost when buyers don’t understand carpet fibers and what makes each type of carpet unique. The following rundown of the various carpet fibers and types of carpet should help homeowners make more informed decisions.

Carpet fibers When a carpet salesman or store employee refer-ences “carpet fiber,” he or she is referring to the type

of material used to make a particular carpet. No two fibers are the same, as each feels different to the touch and reacts to routine wear and tear differently. Here are the five most popular carpet fibers: Nylon: Nylon is the most durable carpet fiber, and that has contributed to its popularity. Nylon is available in a wide range of styles and is a flexible material. Many nylon carpets come with a stain-re-sistant treatment to protect the material from com-mon stains and spills. Polyester: Highly resistant to stains and fading, polyester is soft, and today’s polyester carpets are more resilient and durable than those of yesteryear. Triexta: Triexta is a type of polyester fiber that is especially soft. A relatively recent addition to the market, triexta carpet fibers are especially suscep-tible to stains and spills. Olefin: Olefin carpet fibers are among the least expensive, thanks in part to its lack of durability compared to other fibers. Olefin carpet fibers repel UV rays and therefore don’t fade when exposed to sunlight. Wool: Wool tends to be the most expensive car-pet fiber, but that cost is offset by its considerable durability and soft feel. Wool carpets can last several decades, but they also are high maintenance and not especially resistant to stains.

Carpet types The type, or style, of carpet refers to how the carpet is designed. The type of carpet homeowners choose may depend on where in their homes the carpet will be installed. Frieze: Frieze carpet, sometimes referred to as twist carpet, is made of twisted strands of carpet, and many homeowners prefer frieze carpet because of its modern and stylish look. Frieze carpet can be somewhat expensive, which is why some homeown-ers install it in bedrooms and sitting rooms where it won’t be susceptible to high traffic.Saxony/Cut pile: Saxony or cut pile carpet is ideal for high traffic areas, such as the living room or hall-ways. That’s because it tends to be resistant to mat-ting and crushing and still feels soft underfoot. Berber: Berber carpets, often referred to as loop carpets, are especially durable, making them strong options for high-traffic areas of a home. Though there are variations in loop carpets, a traditional loop carpet is created when yarn is sewn or tufted into the backing and left uncut. Choosing a carpet for a home is no small task, but homeowners who educate themselves about the various carpet fibers and styles can find the right fit for their homes.

Explaining carpet �bers and types

How to address ceiling stains


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Homeowners choose renovation projects for a variety of reasons. Although many im-provements are made to increase functional-ity and comfort of a home, several others are seen as worthwhile investments. �ese in-vestments can add up to a higher resale value when the time comes to sell a home. Certain projects have a history of provid-ing a greater return on homeowners’ invest-ments than others. �e following renovation tips can add beauty to your home and gener-ate great returns when you put the home up for sale. Invest in your kitchen. Kitchen remodels are a safe bet when it comes to putting money into improving a home. Residents tend to spend a great deal of time in the kitchen, but a dated, poorly functioning kitchen can de-tract from the value of a home, even if the rest of the home is in good shape. It’s possible to recoup between 60 and 120 percent of your kitchen remodel investment, especially if the kitchen matches up well with the rest of your home. Homeowners should know that a deluxe renovation may not be necessary, as relatively moderate improvements can create a whole new look for a kitchen. Look to paint. One of the least expensive improvement materials, but one that has a signi�cant impact, is paint. Neutral, modern colors can easily liven up any space. If you paint with low-VOC paint, you also can ad-vertise an eco-friendly home, which is very desireable these days. Put in another bathroom. Multiple bath-rooms are an attractive selling point, particu-larly in older homes that may not have been equipped with more than one bathroom. Finding extra space for a bathroom can be tricky, but consider closets, areas under stairs or even taking some space away from another room. Popular home-improvement television

channel HGTV advises that half-bathrooms require at least 18 square feet of space, while full baths need 30 to 35 square feet for a stand-up shower or bathtub. Renovate the HVAC system. Aesthetic improvements aren’t the only ones that add value to a home. Many home buyers are eager to purchase a home that has a new heating and cooling system, as buyers understand that furnaces and air conditioning units are substantial investments that can last for years. Other improvements, such as adding attic insulation or replacing older windows and doors with more energy e�cient options, also are smart bets. Add illumination to rooms. A dark home is a dreary home. Adding light can mean in-cluding more overhead and accent lighting. Under-cabinet task lighting is a nice touch. Inclusion of skylights and sun tubes can bring natural light into rooms that may not have south- or west-facing windows.

Put a deck addition outdoors. Outdoor liv-ing spaces have become more desireable, especially as the “staycation” has grown in popularity. Decks and patios can make back-yards more appealing. �e scope of your in-

vestment will depend on the size of the deck and design. Doing the work yourself can cut the cost of decks in half, but only if you have the speci�c tools or experience to tackle such a project. Improve curb appeal. Adding attractive landscaping and freshening up the entryway to a home can add considerable value to your home, as buyers judge homes by their exte-riors. Completely renovated interiors may never be seen if buyers pass up your home because of a less attractive exterior. Classy, subtle changes, like well-placed shrubbery and a green lawn, can work wonders. An in-viting front door and well-lit entryway also add curb appeal to a home.Before making improvements, homeowners should determine if a given project will pro-vide a solid return on their investment.

Add value to your home with these renovations


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How to close up a � replace for the season A roaring � replace on a chilly day pro-vides a welcome, aesthetically appealing respite from the cold. Fireplaces are typically used throughout winter, but when spring rolls around, many homeowners no longer feel the need to light a � re. As � replace season winds down, homeowners can take the following steps to close their � replaces for the warm weather seasons ahead.

Begin the cleanup Repeatedly lighting � res results in an ac-cumulation of ash and residual wood debris. Clean out what you can by hand and discard the soot. To conduct a more thorough clean-ing, use a high-powered garage vacuum to clear out any remaining ashes from crevices and other parts of the � rebox.

Hire a chimney sweep A fully functioning � replace chimney should be swept annually by a certi� ed chimney sweep. He or she will remove soot and any creosote from the inside of the

chimney. Creosote is highly � ammable and can cause considerable damage if it catches � re. A professional chimney sweeping also reduces the amount of dirt and odor that will continue to enter a home a� er the � re-place has been retired for the season. Damp spring weather can moisten soot trapped in a chimney, causing it to smell. Cleaning and deodorizing can help keep rooms fresh.

Ask for an inspection Ask a chimney sweep to inspect your chimney in addition to cleaning it. A sweep can look for leaks and cracks, and he or she should also look at the � ashing system and rain cap, which can prevent water in� ltra-tion. You don’t want to learn your chim-ney is in poor shape during a heavy spring rainfall. Ask that the pipes, brickwork and damper also be checked for functionality and good repair.

Close the damper Homeowners should close the damp-

ers on wood-burning � replaces when clos-ing their � replaces for the season. Doing so prevents animals from making nests inside the chimney and possibly gaining entry into your home. Closing the damper also makes the home more e� cient by not letting air es-cape through the chimney. � ose with gas � replaces should leave the damper open at all times to prevent a gas buildup in the home in the case of a gas leak. However, homeowners may want to extin-guish the pilot light for a gas � replace in the spring to reduce energy usage.

Make it attractive Some homeowners choose to dress up a � replace to make it look more appealing in the o� season. Flowers, plants, candles, or decorative accents can be placed in the � re-box to add style to a home.When closing a � replace for the season, homeowners can bene� t from hiring a pro-fessional to ensure everything is done cor-rectly and the � replace will be in top shape and ready to warm everyone up next winter.

Did you know?Biosolids are an organic amendment available to gardeners. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, biosolids are carefully treated and monitored residuals formed at sewage treatment facilities. They may be recycled into fertilizers to stimulate plant growth. Biosolids may help reduce the need for chemical fertilizers. Biosolids can be safe to use, but homeowners should be cautious about heavy metal content, pathogen levels and salts. Rely on only Class A biosolids, which have been treated to reduce the bacterial content and are approved for use in production agriculture. Home gardeners may want to avoid biosolids in vegetable gardens because of the potential for heavy metal content seeping into the produce.


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� e dos and don’ts of backyard � re pits

Once a rarity, � re pits have grown increasingly popular in recent years, as more and more homeowners turn their homes into private oases. Fire pits run the gamut from the very simple to the more elaborate, and the � re pits home-owners choose o� en depend on the space they have avail-able as well as their budgets. But even homeowners without any space or budget con-straints should give careful consideration to which � re pit they ultimately install, especially if they plan to make that installation themselves. � e following are some dos and don’ts of � re pits for those homeowners about to add this relaxing and popular accessory to their backyards. DO con� rm you can legally build a � re pit in your yard. Fire pits have become so commonplace that homeowners may think there are no regulations governing their con-struction. However, it’s still best to con� rm with your local government planning or zoning o� ces if you can build a � re pit and if any restrictions apply. DON’T proceed with the project until you have been granted o� cial approval. Assuming you have the go-ahead to build a � re pit is not the same thing as knowing you have been approved. Starting early could result in � nes if it turns out you aren’t allowed to have a � re pit. But you may also begin building a bigger � re pit than the local government allows, and that could be money down the drain later. Wait until you get o� cial word before you proceed with the proj-ect. DO build on � at ground. � e � re pit should be built on � at ground to reduce risk of accident and/or injury. A � re pit built on � at ground also means everyone can enjoy it comfortably and equally once the project is � nished. If

the ground around the pit is not � at, some people may be forced to sit crooked or lean forward just to enjoy the pit. DON’T build near � ammable structures. Build the � re pit far enough away from existing structures, such as your home, garage or shed, so � ickering � ames do not catch some wind and lead to disaster. Before building in a given spot, monitor the wind patterns for a few days by sitting in a lawn chair at the spot you ultimately want the � re pit to be. If you notice the wind is blowing toward your house, you will want to choose another area for the pit so smoke from the � re will not be blowing into your home every night. DO choose the right size. � e size of your � re pit will depend on the space you have available, but even if you have a vast swath of space, keep in mind that professional con-tractors typically recommend building a � re pit no bigger than 44 inches wide. Anything larger can be unsightly and may not appeal to prospective buyers down the road. In ad-dition, an especially large � re pit may result in potentially unruly � ames that can present a � re hazard. DON’T go it alone if your DIY skills are suspect. Install-ing a � re pit is a relatively inexpensive DIY job, but that does not mean anyone can do it. Ground needs to be ex-cavated and the slope of the yard must be measured so the � re pit is safe and functional for years to come. If your DIY skills are not up to snu� , hire a professional contractor so your backyard oasis does not become a costly headache. A � re pit can turn a boring backyard into a relaxing re-treat. But homeowners must adhere to the dos and don’ts of � re pits to ensure their retreat is something they can enjoy for years to come.


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Explore the alternativesto granite counterops

� e seasons can be harsh on homes, and perhaps no season is more taxing on a home’s exterior than winter. Harsh winter weather can take a toll on roofs, gutters, landscaping, and just about any other part of the home that must face the cold head-on. � e following are a few areas of your home that might need some help rebounding from winter now that spring has � nally arrived.

Gutters: Gutters are vulnerable to winter weather, as strong winds may blow debris into the gutters or even blow the gutters o� of the house. Gutters should be cleaned prior to and immediately a� er winter to ensure they’re working properly and not backing up to the point that water can build up and damage the roof. Reattach any loose gutters and clear them of any debris le� behind by winter winds.

Roof: � e roof is another area of your home’s exterior that may have been beaten down over the winter. Examine the roof for cracked, missing or deformed shingles that can allow water to enter a home and damage its interior. Some roof damage is visible from the ground, but homeowners who just endured especially harsh winters may want to climb up on their roofs or hire a professional to get a closer look. Another way to determine if the roof was damaged is to go into your attic and check for water damage near roof trusses. Water damage indicates something went awry over the winter.

Walkways and driveways: Heavy snowfall or signi� cant accumulation of ice over the winter can result in cracked or damaged walkways, driveways and porches. Some of this damage may have resulted from aggressive shoveling or breaking up of ice. Look for any cracks in areas that needed shoveling over the winter, as such cracks can be safety hazards and may even prove to be entry points into your home for water or critters. Landscaping: Landscaping also tends to take a hit in areas that experience harsh winters. Winter storms may damage trees, which can put a home right in the line of falling limbs or worse. Walk around your property to inspect for tree damage, removing any fallen limbs or cutting down any limbs that appear dead or that might eventually prove a safety hazard. In addition, check the grass for any dead spots that might have fallen victim to winter freeze, and address those spots when the time comes to revitalize your lawn. Appliances: When surveying your property a� er a long winter, inspect appliances like a central air conditioning unit or even dryer vents to make sure they made it through the winter unscathed. Such appliances may have proven an attractive nesting spot for animals over the winter, but damage can be signi� cant if vermin or other animals seek shelter from winter weather inside appliances.

Help your home’s exterior rebound from harsh winter weather

Granite has long been a popular countertop material for homeowners looking to combine functionality with aesthetic appeal in their kitch-ens. But granite is no small investment, and home-owners looking to refurbish their kitchens should know there are a multitude of countertop materi-als available to those working on a budget or those who simply want to give their kitchens a di� erent look. Solid wood: Wood countertops create a warm, homey interior. Butcher block counters are less ex-pensive than granite and do not necessarily need to be ordered from a speciality retailer. But wood can stain and dent and can even burn when hot kitchenware is placed atop it. Regular application of oil can help homeowners maintain the appear-ance of their wood counters for years to come. Marble: Marble tends to be less expensive than granite without sacri� cing aesthetic appeal. How-ever, marble is so� er and more porous than gran-ite, so it can stain and be etched. Diligence in wip-ing away spills, routine sealing and a gentle touch is necessary for those who choose marble counter-tops. Soapstone: � is is a natural stone composed mainly of mineral talc that gives the stone its

smooth feel. Soapstone ranges from black to gray but can sometimes have a green shade to it. Other materials in the stone can produce veining. Al-though so� er than granite, soapstone is still high-density and will hold up well. It’s impervious to stains and bacteria, and exposure to chemicals will not damage it. Quartz: Quartz is a manufactured product made of stone aggregate and polymers com-pressed under high pressure. It has the look of natural stone but requires less work to maintain. Quartz has consistent colors and patterns and is a nonporous material, so it will not need routine sealing and resealing. Glass: Glass countertops are back-painted, so homeowners can order just about any color they want. Glass will be tempered, so it is safe and heat-resistant. Glass can scratch, though, so it is not as impervious as other materials. Concrete: Concrete is another material that can be colored to match homeowners’ whims. Con-crete is relatively inexpensive compared to other countertop materials, but it can crack or chip. While granite is a popular countertop mate-rial, homeowners who want something new have many additional options at their disposal.


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Warmer temperatures and longer hours of sun-light can recharge energy levels. Upon the arrival of spring, homeowners dust o� their to-do lists and charge ahead with renewed vigor. But before homeowners can get started on reno-vation projects, many must tame the existing mess that may have built up over the winter. Spring is a great time to dive into spring cleaning projects and ready a home for a season of renovation and remodeling. Getting started on spring cleaning can be a tad overwhelming. In 2012, OnePoll asked 1,000 adults living in the United Kingdom how they felt about spring cleaning, and 41 percent of those sur-veyed found spring cleaning a daunting process while 68 percent had negative feelings about spring cleaning. But in spite of that initial lack of enthu-siasm, respondents said they felt happy and more organized once they � nished their spring cleaning. Establishing a plan and setting reachable goals can make spring cleaning a lot less daunting.

Set aside several days for spring cleaning. A long weekend is a great time to do some spring cleaning, as having consecutive days to cleanwill reduce the chances you grow distracted.Make a list and purchase all of the supplies you will need. Again, this will help you stay on course, rath-er than going out to the store to pick up cleaners or organizational systems. Try to set reasonable goals. Even if you hope to clean the entire house, stick to the one or two rooms that are most desperate for your attention. Divide each task into a series of steps so when you complete each step you will feel proud that you’re making progress. Create your musical playlist. A playlist full of your favorite songs can provide some in-spiration and energy to push you through the spring cleaning when your enthusiasm starts to wane. � e music also may take your mind o� of the work ahead and help to pass the time.Start from the top and work downward. Follow a

logical cleaning order. Begin by dusting away cob-webs and lighting � xtures. Clean light switches and walls. Empty closets and then restock them in a more organized fashion. Leave the furniture and � ooring for last, as dirt and dust may accumulate on furniture and � ooring as you clean other areas of the home. Be prepared to bid adieu to some of your stu� . Have a few trash bags at the ready. Reorganize

items you won’t be keeping into separate piles, with one pile for items you plan to donate and another for those items you will discard. Donate what you can and promptly put the remainder of the items at the curb for pickup.

Stay fed and hydrated. Cleaning can be physi-cally and emotionally exhausting. Take breaks to fuel up on food and always have a refreshing bev-erage close by.

Following a few guidelines can make the process of spring cleaning go quickly and smoothly.

home & garden 2015

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