holographic projection technology in the field of digital

Research ArticleHolographic Projection Technology in the Field of DigitalMedia Art

Yulong Liu, Shan Wu , Qi Xu, and Hubin Liu

Graduate School, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea

Correspondence should be addressed to Shan Wu; [email protected]

Received 25 March 2021; Revised 19 April 2021; Accepted 4 May 2021; Published 19 May 2021

Academic Editor: Wenqing Wu

Copyright © 2021 Yulong Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The advent of the digital age has given new forms and new connotations to artistic creation, and more and more digital mediatechnologies have entered the stage of artistic creation and exhibitions. At present, holographic projection technology hasbecome a hot application technology in the field of digital media art. The purpose of this paper is to explore the technicalprinciples of holographic projection technology and its application in the field of digital media art, so as to provide suggestionsfor the application and promotion of holographic projection technology and the development and innovation of digital mediaart. First of all, this article understands the technical principles of holographic projection and its application status in variousfields, especially in the field of digital media art, through relevant literature research. Then, this article introduces the digitalholographic technology, virtual imaging technology, and computer simulation technology used in the realization of holographicprojection technology. Then, based on the advantages of holographic projection technology in three-dimensional imagerecording and reproduction, this paper proposes to introduce holographic projection technology to digital art museums, digitalart exhibitions, and other digital media art applications and to study the effect of holographic projection technology on artthrough simulation experiments, the effect of recording and reproducing the image of the work. Finally, the three-dimensionalreconstruction image of the digital holographic projection experiment on the artwork is compared with the simulated image ofthe Contour GT profiler to verify the feasibility of applying the holographic projection technology to art exhibitions and theeffect of three-dimensional image recording and reproduction. Research shows that the holographic projection technology canachieve 93.34% of the simulation effect of recording and reproducing 3D images of artworks. It is also found that 59.86% of theaudience who pay attention to the art experience strongly support the application of holographic projection technology indigital media art fields such as digital art gallery. This fully proves the feasibility of applying holographic projection technologyto digital art exhibitions and provides a full range of artistic experience for audiences who cannot be present.

1. Introduction

1.1. Background and Significance.With the continuous devel-opment of material living standards, people’s love andpursuit of art are also increasing. However, traditional formsof artistic creation and communication can no longer meetthe needs of art pursuers who are restricted by time and spaceand cannot be present in person. The development of digitalmedia technology provides a new perspective for artisticcreation and communication. Digital media art is not ashort-lived emerging art form. As early as the 19th century,scholars have put forward the concept of the interactive inte-gration of technology and art through computers [1]. With

the development of digital technology, this art form playsan increasingly important role in the development of theart field. The most significant example of the developmentof digital media art is the application of digital technologyin film and television animation, such as the magnificentshipwreck scene in “Titanic,” the reproduction of extinctspecies in “Jurassic Park,” and the scene production oftoday’s 3D animation. [2]. Unlike digital media art with a longhistory of development, holographic projection technology is anovel digital virtual technology [3]. Holographic projectiontechnology breaks the traditional image recording and presen-tation form, combining 3D technology and holographic tech-nology, not only can record and reproduce three-dimensional

HindawiWireless Communications and Mobile ComputingVolume 2021, Article ID 9997037, 12 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9997037

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9997037

images with higher precision, but also can realize the correc-tion through digital holographic microscopy technology andthree-dimensional image traceability reconstruction, micro-scopic observation of objects and replay of missing images[4]. Therefore, holographic projection technology has impor-tant applications in holographic microscopic observation ofbiology, chemistry, and other fields such as image processingin physics and mathematics [5]. However, because the art fieldpays more attention to immersive art experience and specificand subtle artistic representations and the application of holo-graphic projection technology in some fields is not yet mature,the application of holographic projection technology in the artfield has not been deepened.

1.2. Related Research at Home and Abroad. Since the intro-duction of holographic projection technology, scholars fromall walks of life have paid constant attention to and researchon holographic projection. Makey et al. obtains Fourierholography by preshaping the wavefront to locally reducethe Fresnel diffraction, which combines complex images withcomplete depth control, allowing random phases to beincluded at each depth without changing the specific depthprojection of the image at [6]. However, true 3D holographictechnology also requires complete depth control anddynamic projection functions, which will be affected by highstring interference. Makowski et al. proposed a phase-freerandom method to make hologram reconstruction with verylow noise, so that fine projection can be performed withouttime integration of subholograms [7]. Research shows thatthrough experiments comparing the depth of focus andimaging resolution of various defocus parameters, it can beconcluded that the phase-free randommethod can effectivelyimprove the extended depth of clear imaging. Jamerson dis-cussed the application of digital media art in mental healthtreatment through examples of using digital media art andtechnology in group mental health treatment meetings [8].Research shows that story art plays an important role inpeople’s perception and interaction of the world. Therefore,narrative therapy and art therapy combined with digitalmedia art have a significant effect on the research and treat-ment of people’s mental health. Heydon et al. integrateddigital media technology into public art courses, collecteddata through case studies, and conducted a qualitative the-matic analysis of multimodal elements in people’s transferableunderstanding of digitally enhanced multimodal coursesthroughout the life cycle [9]. The study found that digitalmedia is mainly used to create digital portfolios, and the corre-sponding nondigital media text production and text produc-tion led by teachers and participants are used as references.

In China, holographic projection technology is also aresearch hotspot in various digital media technology applica-tions. Qu proposed a holographic projection with higherimage quality that has a reconstructed image that has twicethe spatial resolution of existing holographic projectionsand can well suppress speckles. Experiments show that thisholographic projection can effectively improve the spatialresolution of the projected image without being restrictedby the size of the spatial light modulator. Chang et al. pro-posed an implementation method of speckle reduction based

on phase-only computer-generated hologram and lenslessholographic projection. Virtual convergent light is appliedto the image to ensure that its wavefront is focused on thevirtual plane established between the image and the holo-gram plane [10]. Experiments show that in a compactlensless holographic projection system, this method is effec-tive for simultaneously improving the image quality andimage size and the size of the projected image can reach themaximum diffraction bandwidth of the spatial light modula-tor at a given distance. Wu and Krewer reexamined the pro-cess of digital practice in the University of Houston librarythrough digital media technology using data-driven methodsand put forward strategic recommendations for library digi-tal practice in terms of workflow, digital resources, and infra-structure [11]. Research has shown that the data-drivenstrategy of digital media technology can effectively improvethe quality and efficiency of digital operations. Liang andKim combined the theory of expression psychology in thefield of art, and studied the application of projectionmappingtechnology and digital media technology in the field of newmedia art design [12]. It was found that the advanced projec-tion mapping technology can not only show the realisticimage reproduction effect of the artwork, but even combinethe image reconstruction transformation and color adjust-ment of the digital media technology to show the artisticeffect beyond the original artwork.

1.3. Innovations in This Article. This article puts forward thenew application research directions of holographic projec-tion technology in digital art museums, digital art exhibi-tions, and other digital media art fields. This paper uses theholographic image recording method based on Fresneldiffraction and lensless Fourier transform in the holographicprojection technology to record the holographic image of theartworks allowed to be displayed in art places such as artmuseums and galleries [13]; then, through Fresnel approxi-mation reconstruction, convolution reconstruction, andangular spectrum reconstruction, holographic projectionreproduction of artworks is realized [14]. For paintings,sculptures, and other specific and microspace artworks, thisarticle uses holographic projection technology combinedwith holographic microscopy to accurately record the opticalwavefront and phase distribution of the images of theseworks and then uses wavefront reconstruction and holo-graphic microscopy to include tiny features in the image ofthe artwork inside which is reproduced [15]. The applicationof holographic projection technology in digital art galleries,digital galleries, and art exhibitions in this article can not onlysatisfy the immersive art experience of audiences who cannotbe present but also present three-dimensional images ofartworks including tiny features such as lines and brush-strokes. For art loverswho are concerned about artistic creation,it is an innovative research in the application of holographicprojection technology in the field of digital media art.

2. Digital Holographic Projection Technology

2.1. Holographic Image Recording and Reproduction ofArtworks. For object image recording methods, such as

2 Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

traditional camera shooting and projector projection, most ofthem are recorded according to the coordinates and pixeldistribution of the physical object, and then, the object imageis presented to the audience through the correspondingprojection magnification equipment [16, 17]. The digitalholographic projection uses the principle of virtual imagingto record the wavefront information of the light wave emittedby the object in the holographic projection device throughthe optical light wave phase and amplitude and then convertsthe recorded wavefront phase information into light waveintensity information and passes optical the principle of theprocess of reproduction. At present, the holographic imagerecording methods used in holographic projection technol-ogy mainly include three digital holographic image recordingmethods: Fresnel diffraction holographic recording, lenslessFourier transform holographic recording, and image surfacedigital holographic recording [18, 19]. Their main principleis to record based on the optical wavefront informationreflected by the object, but the recording methods used aredifferent. The process of wavefront recording is to convertthe spatial phase information of the reflected light waves ofthe recorded object into spatial intensity informationthrough light wave interference, which is also the core princi-ple of optical holography technology. During the wavefrontrecording process, the information of the object light waveOðx, yÞ and the reference light wave Rðx, yÞ will be recorded.They can be recorded in the following formats:

O x, yð Þ = o x, yð Þ ⋅ ejφ x,yð Þ,

R x, yð Þ = r x, yð Þ ⋅ ejϕ x,yð Þ:ð1Þ

Equation (1) records the object light wave and referencelight wave information of the artwork. Where oðx, yÞ repre-sents the amplitude distribution of the object light wave,and φðx, yÞ represents the phase distribution of the objectlight wave. Similarly, rðx, yÞ represents the amplitude distri-bution of the reference light wave and ϕðx, yÞ represents thephase distribution of the reference light wave. Then the totallight wave Tðx, yÞ of the digital holographic image of the art-work can be obtained by superposing the real functions of theamplitude and phase of the two light waves, and its distribu-tion form is as follows:

T x, yð Þ =O x, yð Þ + R x, yð Þ: ð2Þ

Equation (2) records the phase and amplitude informa-tion of the total light wave of the artwork, but this informa-tion can only record the phase distribution of the lightwave of the artwork in the holographic projection, which isnot conducive to image reproduction and processing, so itneeds to be converted into the total light wave of the artworkintensity distribution information. The distribution form ofthe total light wave intensity Iðx, yÞ is as follows:

I x, yð Þ = O x, yð Þ + R x, yð Þj j2= O x, yð Þj j2 + R x, yð Þj j2

+ 2o x, yð Þr x, yð Þ cos φ x, yð Þ − ϕ x, yð Þð Þ:ð3Þ

Equation (3) records the total light wave intensity infor-mation of the artwork in the holographic projection, wherejOðx, yÞj2 represents the intensity distribution of the objectlight wave of the artwork and jRðx, yÞj2 represents the inten-sity distribution of the reference light wave of the artwork.Fresnel diffraction holographic recording is to record thecomplex amplitude distribution of the object light wave andthe reference light wave of the artwork on the basis of thewavefront recording to obtain the spatial frequency of theinterference fringes in the holographic projection of the workto record the information of the holographic image of thework. The form of the complex amplitude distribution of theobject light wave and the reference light wave is as follows:

O x′, y′� �

= o x′, y′� �

ejφ x ′ ,y ′ð Þ = ejdk

λjd∬O x0, y0ð Þejk x ′−x0ð Þ2+ y ′−y0ð Þ2

� �/2ddx0dy0,

R x′, y′� �

= r x′, y′� �

ejϕ x ′ ,y ′ð Þ = e− jk x ′ sin α+y ′ sin βð Þ:

ð4Þ

In equation (4), ðx0, y0Þ and ðx′, y′Þ represent the two-dimensional coordinates of the work of art on the object planeand the projection plane, respectively, and represent the dis-tance between the two planes. According to the complexamplitude distribution of the object light wave and the refer-ence light wave, the spatial frequency distribution of the inter-ference fringes in the projection direction of the digitalholographic projection image in Fresnel diffraction can beobtained as follows:

f x =∂φ

2π∂x′= x′ − x0 + d sin α

λd,

f y =∂ϕ

2π∂y′= y′ − y0 + d sin β

λd:

ð5Þ

Equation (5) records the spatial frequency of the interfer-ence fringes of the artwork according to the diffraction angleof Fresnel diffraction in the x and y directions and is similarto the lensless Fourier transform holographic recordingmethod. The lensless Fourier transform does not use thereflection angle to record the spatial frequency but insteadlimits the bias conditions of the reference light wave to recordthe spatial frequency according to the Quist sampling princi-ple. The conditions for the interference fringes to reach thehighest spatial frequency in lensless Fourier transform holo-graphic recording are as follows:

f x max =X + 2x02λd ≤

12Δx , x0 ≥ 3X/2,

f y max =Y + 2y02λd ≤

12Δy , y0 ≥ 3Y/2:

ð6Þ

The image surface digital holographic recording methodis mainly the process of imaging through the lens under theinterference of the object light wave and the reference lightwave through the principle of lens magnification. Whenstudying image digital holographic recording, the influence

3Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

of the lens’ numerical aperture on the imaging system is gen-erally not considered. The frequency of the object light waveof the artwork recorded by the digital holographic image isas follows:

ηx =12π ⋅

∂φ∂x

=f x02πm + x

λmf,

ηy =12π ⋅

∂ϕ∂x

=f y02πm + y

λmf:

ð7Þ

Equation (7) records the frequency of the object lightwave in the x and y directions of the work of art, wherethe sum represents the spatial frequency of the initial objectlight wave emitted by the light source in the holographicprojection shooting of the work of art, which is the magnifi-cation of the lens.

2.2. Digital Holographic Image Reconstruction Algorithm.According to the above research on digital holographic imagerecording methods, there are three holographic image recon-struction algorithms for digital holographic image reproduc-tion of works of art: Fresnel diffraction integral, convolutionalgorithm, and angular spectrum algorithm [20, 21]. Accord-ing to the approximate conditions of Fresnel diffraction, theform of the object light wave recorded in the hologram ofthe artwork can be obtained by the Fresnel diffractionintegral formula as follows:

U xi, yið Þ = eidk+ik x2i +y2ið Þ/λdð Þλid

⋅I I xi, yið ÞR xi, yið Þe πi x2i +y2ið Þð Þ/λdn o:

ð8Þ

In equation (8), Iðx, yÞ represents the light wave intensityof the hologram recorded by Fresnel diffraction and Rðx, yÞrepresents the reproduction mode of the reference light waverecorded by the hologram. The Fourier transform methodconverts the recorded light wave information of the holo-gram into a discrete numerical recording form throughphotoelectric coupling. The object light wave reproductionform of the hologram of the artwork is as follows:

U xi, yið Þ = eidk+ πλid/MNð Þ xi2/Δx2ð Þ+ yi

2/Δy2ð Þð Þλid

×DI I xi, yið ÞR xi, yið Þe πi/λdð Þ xi2Δx2+yi2Δy2ð Þn o

:

ð9Þ

In equation (9), Δx and Δy are the pixel dimensions of thedigital hologram recording tool, M and N represent thenumber of pixels of the recording tool, and DI representsthe discrete Fourier transform operation. The convolutionalgorithm is based on the impulse response function of thedigital holographic projection system and the discrete Fou-rier transform to obtain the object light wave distribution ofthe reproduced hologram. The form of the object light wavereproduced by the hologram is as follows:

g xi, yið Þ = diλi

⋅ejk

ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffid2i + x−xið Þ2+ y−yið Þ2

p

d2i + x − xið Þ2 + y − yið Þ2 ,

U xi, yið Þ =I−1 I I xi, yið Þ ⋅ R xi, yið Þð Þ•I g xi, yið Þð Þf g:ð10Þ

In equation (10), I and I−1 represent the forward andinverse transform of the discrete Fourier transform andgðxi, yiÞ represents the impulse response function of theholographic projection system. The hologram reconstructionprinciple of the angular spectrum algorithm is to obtain theobject light wave information reconstructed by the hologramthrough the transfer function of the holographic projectionoptical system and Fourier transform. The angular spectrumdistribution of the holographic projection plane and thereproduction plane of the artwork is as follows:

u x, yð Þ =∬Acos αλ

, cos βλ

� �e2πi cos α/λð Þx+ cos β/λð Þyð Þdf xdf y ,

h f x, f y� �

= ejdkffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi1− λf xð Þ2− λf yð Þ2

p, f x =

cos αλ

, f y =cos βλ

:

ð11Þ

In equation (11), uðx, yÞ represents the light field distribu-tion of the projection plane and the reproduction plane andhð f x, f yÞ represents the optical transfer function of the holo-graphic projection system. According to the angular spectrumdistribution, the light field intensity of the holographic projec-tion reconstruction plane can be obtained as follows:

U xi, yið Þ =I−1 I u xi, yið Þð Þ ⋅ h f x, f y� �n o

: ð12Þ

According to the principle of the above digital holo-graphic image reconstruction algorithm, it can be seen thatthe three reconstruction algorithms all use the Fourier trans-form method. For the difference and comparison of the threealgorithms, this article discusses their calculation formula,transformation space, and pixel size of the reconstructedimage. The reproduction speed is compared and analyzed,and the comparison of the three algorithms is shown inTable 1. It can be seen from the research results that the recon-struction speed of Fresnel diffraction is the fastest because Fou-rier image transformation is only carried out in the spatialdomain, while convolution algorithm and angular spectrumreconstruction algorithm have more transformation processin the frequency domain, so the reconstruction speed is slower.

2.3. Digital Holographic Image Processing Technology. In theprocess of holographic projection display of digital artworkssuch as digital art galleries, galleries, and art exhibitions, inaddition to the steps of recording and reproducing theimages taken by the holographic projection of the works ofart, it is also necessary to combine some image processingtechnologies to process the holographic projection images.A digital holographic image with a more realistic image andricher colors is obtained [22, 23]. According to the principleof transform space in the process of hologram recording and


reproduction, the filter method is used to filter the spectrumof the hologram in the frequency domain and the spacedomain where the Fourier transform is performed [24]. Thefrequency spectrum of the virtual image reconstructed bythe digital hologram is filtered out by setting the diaphragm,and then, the Fourier transform is performed to obtain aclear and realistic image of the real object. The spectrum ofthe hologram obtained after spectral filtering by filteringmethod is as follows:

U f x , f y� �

=I O x, yð Þj j2 +I R x, yð Þj j2

+I O x, yð ÞR′ x, yð Þn o

+I O′ x, yð ÞR x, yð Þn o

:

ð13Þ

Filtering out the zero-order spectrum and conjugatevirtual image in equation (13) and then performing Fouriertransform, a relatively clear digital hologram can be obtained.Then, the light intensity method can be used to add andsubtract the light intensity of the object light wave and thereference light wave of the obtained hologram. First, the lightintensity distribution record of the original hologram isstored in the computer, and then, the intensity of the objectlight wave and the reference light wave are controlled untilthe light spot in the hologram is invisible or disappears, andthen, the light intensity distribution of the hologram at thistime is recorded [25]. Through the addition and subtractionof the light intensity, the digital hologram with the light spotremoved can be obtained. In addition, the phase and ampli-tude distribution of the hologram can also be recorded andadjusted by the phase shift method. The phase shift methodtransforms the spatial phase of the reference light wave byshifting the phase of the projection plane and the reproduc-tion plane of the holographic projection system to achieveinterference with the light wave. The complex amplitudedistribution of the object light wave on the projection planeobtained by the phase shift method is shown in equation(14), where Iðx, y, θÞ represents the light intensity distribu-tion of the hologram under different angular phase shifts.

O x, yð Þ = I1 x, y, 0ð Þ − I3 x, y, πð Þ + j I2 x, y, π/2ð Þ − I4 x, y, 3π/2ð Þ½ �λR′

:

ð14Þ

2.4. Digital Holographic Imaging and ReconstructionSimulation. In the process of holographic projection ofartworks, it is necessary to go through the process of holo-gram imaging enlargement and reduction. It is one of thekey technologies in holographic projection to ensure that

there will be no blur and distortion in the process of holo-gram enlargement and imaging [26]. The magnification andimaging of the hologram are generally achieved by using alens, so the diffracted light wave is usually a spherical wave,and the complex amplitude of the spherical wave of the refer-ence light on the projection plane is as follows:

C x, yð Þ = Cdj j e

−jdk− jk/λdð Þ x−x0ð Þ2+ y−y0ð Þ2½ �: ð15Þ

According to the principle of optical imaging, digitalholographic magnification imaging mainly involves objectlight waves, reference light waves, recording light waves,and reproduced imaging light waves. Through the abovestudy of object light waves and reference light waves, thehorizontal magnification Mx and longitudinal magnificationMy of the digital hologram can be obtained. The calculationformula is as follows:

Mx = ± λdiλ0d0

= 1 − d0di

± λ0d0λdi

� �−1,

My = ± λd2iλ0d

20= λ0

λM2

x:

ð16Þ

λ0 and λ represent the wavelength of the recording lightwave and the reproduced light wave, respectively, in the holo-graphic projection imaging and d0 and di represent the objectdistance and the image distance, respectively, of the hologramof the artwork in the holographic projection. The horizontaland vertical magnification ratio of the image can be adjustedby adjusting the wavelengths of the recording light wave andthe reproducing light wave, and combined with the above-mentioned Fourier transformmethod, a desiredmagnificationand distortion-free holographic image can be obtained.

3. Application Examples of the HolographicProjection Technology in the DigitalMedia Art

3.1. Research Object and Experimental Environment. Theexperimental objects of this research are artworks in artmuseums, galleries, and other art exhibitions that are exhib-ited to the public. In this paper, some artworks with complexstructures and the consent of the creator are selected forholographic projection simulation experiments and the holo-graphic projection technology is studied accordingly. Thisarticle first learns the knowledge of holographic projectionand optical imaging and asks professionals for help and

Table 1: Comparison of digital hologram reconstruction algorithms.

Reproduction algorithm Transform space Reproduction pixel Reproduction speed

Fresnel diffraction Space to frequency Δxi = λd/NxΔx, Δyi = λd/NyΔy Fastest

Convolution Airspace to frequency to airspace Δxi = Δx, Δyi = Δy Medium speed

Angular spectrum Airspace to frequency to airspace Δxi = Δx, Δyi = Δy Slowest


builds a simple holographic projection optical physical envi-ronment through purchase and lease. The main equipmentincludes adjustable light source, beam splitter, LCD light-wave recording board, CCD light wave reproduction board,and digital computer. According to the development of holo-graphic technology, this paper proposes a digital holographicprojection method combined with digital technology forcomplex physical image processing such as complex expo-sure, bleaching, denoising, and pixel difference removal inthe early traditional optical holography and computed holo-graphic imaging process. The holographic projection repro-duction of artworks is transformed into a digital processingprocess. In order to study the application effect of holo-graphic projection technology in the field of digital mediaart, this article sets up a control experiment to compare thequality and fidelity of the artwork obtained by various opticalvirtual imaging methods, and then, this article simulates theartwork obtained from the holographic projection experi-ment. The holographic images are uploaded to the media,and an online questionnaire on the “views and suggestionson the application of holographic projection technology todigital art museums and other digital media art fields” israndomly distributed. After experimental investigation andstatistics, a total of 80 valid questionnaires were received.

3.2. Design of the Holographic Projection SimulationExperiment. According to the digital holographic recordingand reproduction method of holographic projection technol-ogy in the second part, this article sets up multiple controlexperiments to discuss the advantages and disadvantages ofdigital holographic projection technology compared withother holographic technologies and image processingmethods. The experimental group used analog digital holog-raphy technology to perform holographic image recordingand reproduction steps on selected artwork samples, whilethe control group used traditional optical holography andcomputer holography technology for holographic image pro-cessing. This experiment is mainly divided into the followingsteps. First, build a holographic projection simulation testenvironment by collecting data and seeking help from holo-graphic projection research professionals to understand theprinciples and main processes of holographic projectiontechnology. Then, select artworks exhibited in art museumsor galleries with the consent of the creator as the experimen-tal objects and set up the experimental group and the controlgroup to conduct holographic projection simulation experi-ments through different shooting and hologram recordingand reproduction methods. In order to ensure the accuracyand reliability of the experiment, this article invites profes-sional holographic projection film shooting workers whovolunteer to participate in the experiment to provide guid-ance and suggestions. Through the light wave reflection andmultiangle diffraction of the artwork by the adjustable lightsource, the phase and amplitude of the object light waveand the reference light wave of the artwork are recorded inthe LCD light wave recording board and then uploaded tothe digital computer for processing, and then, the artworkis reproduced by the CCD light wave reproduction board.Finally, upload the holographic projection image of the

artwork obtained from the experiment to digital media andissue an online questionnaire to investigate the quality andexperience effect of the holographic projection image of theexperimental artwork and the audience’s application of theholographic projection technology to digital art museumsand other digital media art fields. The basic principle of holo-graphic projection imaging is shown in Figure 1.

3.3. Data Processing and Error Analysis. The survey data inthis article is mainly divided into two parts, namely, theapplication of holographic projection technology for theholographic image recording and reproduction of artworksand the simulation experiment data and the opinions andsuggestions on the application of holographic projectiontechnology to digital art museums, galleries, and art exhibi-tions. The data processing and error analysis of this experi-ment are processed by SPSS20.0 software. For the statisticaldata of the experimental results, the analyses of varianceand nonhomogeneity of variance are used to test the accuracyand error of the results. This method uses parameter α torepresent all significant levels of experimental data between0 and 1. The test level of this experimental data can reach α= 0:05. In the data of the entire experimental group, exclud-ing the influence of other factors, analyze the data under thechange of a single factor and compare it with the averagevalue and then perform error testing. For a set of experimen-tal data, the number of data under a factor level that needs tobe studied is denoted as n and the error is MSE; then, theanalysis and test formula for the homogeneity of varianceare shown in equation (17) as follows:

L =

ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiMSE 1

ni+ 1nj

!vuut : ð17Þ

In the experiment, according to the different degrees offreedom of the variables, if the difference between the exper-imental group and the control group in group k is to betested, the variance and nonhomogeneity analysis methodis generally used to test as shown in the following:

S2 =MSe 1ni

+ 1nj

!,

D = �Xk − �X0� �

/S2:ð18Þ

In the above formula, �Xk represents the data mean of theexperimental group of group k, �X0 represents the mean ofthe experimental data of its control group, and MSerepresents the mean error variance. This test method canmake the difference between the mean of multiple experi-mental groups and a control group. Multiple comparisonsare used in this study to verify the conclusions drawn fromthe experimental results.


4. Discussion on the Application of theHolographic Projection Technology in theDigital Media Art

4.1. Development History of the Holographic ProjectionTechnology. According to related literature research, this arti-cle investigates the four stages of development of holographicprojection technology. This article divides holographicprojection technology into four development stages: bud-ding, development, maturity, and prosperity. As shown inTable 2, this article briefly introduces the recording media,reproduction methods, and representative applications ofthe various stages of holographic projection. In the develop-ment process from budding to prosperity, holographic pro-jection technology has mainly experienced mercury lamplight source recording, white light recording, laser recording,and digital light source recording. The corresponding repro-duction methods also range from light source reproductionto laser reproduction and finally to digital reproduction.The principle is to record and reproduce based on opticalholography. The difference is that with the development ofdigital media, holographic projection gradually combinescomputer image processing and other digital technologiesto make holographic projection images clearer and richer incolors. The representative applications of holographicprojection in these periods are in-line holograms, off-axisholograms, rainbow holograms, and digital holograms.

The application of holographic projection technologyand 3D technology is most closely related. In order to studythe application of holographic projection technology, thisarticle investigates and understands the 3D technologyrelated to holographic projection. The survey results areshown in Figure 2. At present, the main holographic technol-ogies are divided into optical holography, computationalholography, and digital holography. These holographic tech-nologies are mainly put into practical application by combin-ing five 3D technologies including air projection andinteraction, laser projection of solid 3D images, 360 holo-graphic display screen, and edge blanking technology.

4.2. Analysis of Simulation Experiment of HolographicProjection. Through the in-depth study of holographic projec-tion technology, this article conducts a simulated holographicprojection experiment on artworks. The holographic projec-tion image obtained in the experiment is shown in Table 3.This article mainly analyzes the image reproduction effect ofholographic projection from the image quality and the similar-ity of the actual comparison with the artwork.

According to the experimental data in Table 3, the erroraccuracy and inspection level of the experimental data shownin Figure 3 are obtained by processing statistics. It can be seenfrom the figure that the maximum standard deviation of theerror mean of the experimental data in this paper is 2.267,and it is obvious that this is a set of abnormal data by com-paring with other sets of data. Therefore, the highest accuracyof the data in this paper should be 1.918, which belongs tohigher accuracy.

According to the experimental data, this article recordsthe phase, amplitude, diffraction angle, light wave intensity,and simulation effect changes of several experimental groupsand control groups during the holographic projection simu-lation experiment of artworks. As shown in Table 4, the bestsimulation effect can be achieved when the light intensity is50.64 and the simulation accuracy of the hologram at thistime reaches 93.34%.

According to the Fresnel diffraction recording research ofholographic projection technology, this paper records the sim-ulation accuracy of holographic images of artworks recordedunder different diffraction angles. As shown in Figure 4, underthe diffraction angle of −80 degrees to 80 degrees, the erroraccuracy of the quality and similarity of the holographic imagehas been controlled below the level of 0.6.

4.3. Validation of Holographic Projection Image Effect of theArtwork.According to the image quality evaluation standard,this article evaluates the quality of the holographic image ofthe artwork obtained from the experiment, mainly from thesignal-to-noise ratio of the hologram PSNR, structural simi-larity SSIM, mean square error MSE, normalized mean

Adjustable light source

Virtual imaging Physical image of artworkHolographic projection photo

Audience vision

Figure 1: Holographic projection imaging process of artwork.


Table 2: Development period of holographic projection technology.

Phase Development period Recording medium Reproduction method Representative

First Bud Mercury lamp Light reproduction Coaxial holography

Second Development White light Light reproduction Off-axis holography

Third Mature Laser Laser reproduction Rainbow hologram

Fourth Peak Digital light source Digital reproduction Digital holography

Air projection andinteractivetechnology

Laser beam projectsthe 3D image of the

entity

360 degreeholographic display

Edge blankingtechnology

Rotating LEDdisplay technology

Optical holographyComputational holographyDigital holography

Figure 2: Holographic technology and related 3D technology applications.

Table 3: Comparison results of holographic projection simulation experiment.

Item Class Number Mean SD T P

Image qualityExperimental 20 12.667 1.796 0.256 0.216

Control 20 11.825 1.574 2.235 0.007

Image similarityExperimental 20 15.468 1.918 -0.223 0.825

Control 20 12.176 2.267 0.312 0.754

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.5

02468

101214161820

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Insp

ectio

n le

vel

Erro

r acc

urac

y va

lue

Art work serial number

Error accuracy and test level of experimental data

MeanSD

TP

Figure 3: Error accuracy and test level of experimental data.


square distance d. The average absolute distance r isanalyzed. In addition, this article also compares the qualityof the images obtained by several holographic techniquesand ordinary photography techniques that do not use holog-raphy. The results are shown in Table 5.

According to the experimental test results in Table 5, thispaper draws a line chart of the comparative analysis of imagequality of several artwork image shooting techniques, asshown in Figure 5. This experiment mainly researches anddiscusses the image capturing technology including thenonholographic technology, optical holography, computer-ized holography, and digital holography technology in 3Dphotography and holographic technology. It can be seenfrom the figure that the holographic image obtained by digi-tal holographic projection has the lowest mean square error,normalized mean square distance, or normalized averageabsolute distance.

4.4. Audience’s Attitude towards Application of HolographicProjection to the Exhibition of Digital Artworks. This articleanalyzes the audience’s awareness and acceptance of holo-graphic projection from the results of online questionnairesand experimental data, mainly from the audience’s evalua-tion of the image quality and experience effects of holo-graphic projection of artworks and the application ofholographic projection technology to the digital art. The atti-tude of the museum is discussed and analyzed. As shown inTable 6, according to the audience’s attitude, it is dividedinto five levels: A, B, C, D, and E to reflect the audience’sattitude of strongly welcoming, supporting, indifferent,undesirable, and strongly opposed to the application ofholographic projection technology in the field of the digitalmedia art.

The audience’s perception of the holographic projectiontechnology and its application in digital media art fields such

Table 4: Light wave phase and amplitude and simulation accuracy changes in the simulation experiment.

Sample number Phase Amplitude Diffraction angle Light intensity Simulation effect

E1 0 1.876 0 43.76 91.06%

C1 0.25∗π 2.564 60 54.35 79.86%

E2 0.5∗π 3.951 120 44.69 83.25%

C2 π 5.467 180 38.76 76.89%

E3 1.5∗π 7.984 240 49.86 87.65%

C3 2∗π 9.897 360 50.64 93.34%

–0.8

–0.6

–0.4

–0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

–80 –60 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80

Proj

ectio

n ac

cura

cy

Diffraction angle

Figure 4: The accuracy of holographic projection images under different diffraction angles.

Table 5: Image quality of artworks by different shooting techniques.

Type Technology PSNR SSIM MSE d r

Ordinary shootingCamera shot 25.32 0.8237 0.3526 0.1873 0.1436

3D shooting 27.43 0.8946 0.3273 0.2036 0.1563

Holographic projection

Optical holography 28.14 0.8973 0.2461 0.1472 0.0958

Computational holography 28.96 0.9025 0.4025 0.2365 0.1847

Digital holography 29.67 0.9164 0.2364 0.1437 0.0975


as digital art galleries, digital galleries, digital art exhibitions,and other art exhibitions are shown in Figure 6. It can be seenfrom the figure that most audiences have a high evaluation ofthe multisensory virtual experience of holographic projectionand up to 59.86% of the audience strongly support the appli-cation of holographic projection in the field of the digitalmedia art.

5. Conclusions

Since its introduction, holographic technology has beenwelcomed by various industries and paid attention to fromall walks of life and has broad development prospects. Someof these holographic technologies still remain in theoreticalresearch and have not been truly realized. Among the

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0

Camera shot 3D shooting Optical Computational Digital

Imag

e qua

lity

eval

uatio

n va

lue

Image capture technology type

Image quality of art works by different shooting techniques

PSNRSSIMMSE

dr

Figure 5: Image quality of artworks by different shooting techniques.

Table 6: The audience’s evaluation and attitude towards the effect of holographic projection.

Investors Number Proportion Total Evaluation Sort

A 45 56.25% 59.86% 8.98 2

B 51 63.75% 61.59% 7.59 1

C 37 46.25% 50.24% 6.16 4

D 39 48.75% 46.37% 5.94 3

E 21 26.25% 34.76% 4.73 5

0

20

40

60

80

100

A B C D E

Eval

uatio

n va

lue

Audience support attitude level

Audience's perception and attitude towardsholographic projection technology

NumberProportion (⁎100%)

Total (⁎100%)Evaluation (/10)

Figure 6: Audience’s perception and attitude towards holographic projection technology.


holographic technologies that have been realized, digitalholographic projection is undoubtedly the best. Holographicprojection technology has important applications in variousfields. For example, 3D animation production, VR virtualtechnology, and 3D virtual game development all use themethod of virtual imaging in holographic projection tobring people a multisensory three-dimensional virtual expe-rience. This paper discusses the current application statusof holographic projection technology in the field of digitalmedia art and finds that the main application of holo-graphic projection technology is in the production of filmand game in digital media art. Based on this, this articleproposes to apply holographic projection technology tothe construction of digital art museums and digital mediaart exhibitions.

This paper sets up the holographic projection simulationexperiment of the artwork, using the Fresnel diffractionmethod and Fourier transform to record the phase andamplitude information of the diffracted light wave of theholographic projection image of the artwork under theadjustable light source, and through the Fresnel integrationAlgorithm, inverse Fourier transform, convolution recon-struction algorithm, and angular spectrum reconstructionalgorithm are the processes of projection and reconstructionof the recorded hologram. In this paper, a computer digitalholographic projection system is used to drive the processof recording and reproducing the holographic image of theartwork and the computer image processing technology isused to collect the experimental simulation holographic pro-jection image and output the processed image after digitalimage transformation, so as to realize the holographicrecording and reproduction of the artwork. The study foundthat after the holographic projection and computer imageprocessing, the holographic image of the artwork obtainedcan still maintain the original quality and the degree ofsimulation is high, indicating that it is feasible to apply theholographic projection technology to digital art fields suchas digital art galleries, this will be of great significance tothe development of digital media art.

Since the holographic projection technology is a noveldigital holographic technology and researchers in some fieldshave not yet realized and put it into application at the theo-retical stage and the understanding of the holographicprojection technology in this article is not deep enough, thereare still some shortcomings in this article. For example, theconstruction of the optical physical environment for holo-graphic projection is limited by economic conditions andknowledge reserves, so it is relatively crude, which causeslarge errors in the experimental results, and the immatureoperation of the holographic projection process may alsocause the accuracy of the experimental results to decrease. Ihope that in the future, we can improve and continue to in-depth study the holographic projection technology in thefield of digital media art more in-depth and broader applica-tions. The research in this article is the author’s own discus-sion on the application of the holographic projectiontechnology in the field of digital media art, and there is noplagiarism and interest competition. The manuscripts of allthe contents of this article have been reviewed by relevant

personnel and have not been published or submitted for pub-lication elsewhere and agree to submit them to your journal.

Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are availablefrom the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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