hoi an wordl heritage site viet nam

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HERITAGE HOMEOWNERS PRESERVATION MANUAL

CM NANG BO TN DNH CHO CH DI TCH

HOI AN WORLD HERITAGE SITE, VIET NAM

KHU DI SN TH GII HI AN, VIT NAM


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Hoi An Center for Monuments Managementand Preservation (Trung tm Qun l Bo tnDi tch Hi An)10B Tran Hung Dao StreetHoi An, Quang Nam, Viet NamTel: +84 - 510 862 367/ 862 946/ 864 625Fax: +84 - 510 861 779E-mail: [email protected]

The Heritage Homeowners Preservation Manualsfor UNESCO World Heritage Sitesseries has been conceptualized by the Ofce of the UNESCO Regional Advisor for Culturein the Asia-Pacic, with input from the participants of the LEAP programme (1996-2000), funded by the Government of Norway; Nuttaphol Ma; Suki Keen and ElizabethCardosa. The series has been undertaken in cooperation with local heritage managementagencies and international conservation experts, under the editorial direction of RichardEngelhardt (UNESCO Regional Advisor for Culture in Asia and the Pacic) and throughthe coordination of Series Editor Montira Horayangura Unakul (UNESCO Bangkok).

The Heritage Homeowners Preservation Manual for Hoi An World Heritage Sitehas beenprepared through the partnership of the Hoi An Center for Monuments Management andPreservation, Showa Womens University Institute of International Culture (Japan) andUNESCO. The contribut ing authors include, in alphabetical order: Tran Van An, Tran Anh,Nguyen Duc Minh and Nguyen Chi Trung (from Hoi An) and Hiromichi Tomoda, IchiroNagumo, Mark Chang and Yuichi Fukukawa (from Japan). The compilation assistantsinclude, in alphabetical order: Katsuhiro Ando, Pham Phu Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Thanh Luong,Vo Dang Phong, Le Thi Thu Thuy, Nguyen Ngoc Tran, Do Thi Ngoc Uyen and TruongHoang Vinh. The cover and interior layout was undertaken in accordance with templatesdesigned by Sirisak Chaiyasook (UNESCO Bangkok).The nancial support of TEMA in publishing this volume is gratefully acknowledged.

UNESCO 2008

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied, stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise,except brief extracts for the purpose of review, and no part of this publication, includingphotographs and drawings, may be sold without the written permission of the coordinatingpartners in compiling this manual.The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication donot imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerningthe legal status of any country, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiersor boundaries.The views expressed by the author, the selection of facts presented and the opinions statedwith regard to the facts are the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily representthe views of UNESCO.

B n phm Cm nang bo tn dnh cho ch di tchti cc khu di sn ca UNESCOc Vn phng T vn v Vn ha ca UNESCO Khu vc Chu - Thi Bnh Dngkhi nim ha t kt qu ca cc thnh vin ca chng trnh d n LEAP (1996-2000);Nuttaphol; Suki Keen v Elizabeth Cardosa do Chnh ph Na Uy ti tr, c cc c quanqun l di sn a phng v cc chuyn gia quc t phi hp di s ch o bin tp cang Richard Engelhardt (C vn Vn ha Vn phng UNESCO khu vc Chu - ThiBnh Dng) thc hin thng qua s iu phi ca nh bin tp Montira HorayanguraUnakul (UNESCO Bng cc).

Cm nang bo tn dnh cho ch di tch ti khu di sn th gii Hi An c bin son cs phi hp ca Trung tm Qun l Bo tn Di tch Hi An, Vin Vn ha Quc t - ihc N Chiu Ha Nht Bn v UNESCO. Cc ng tc gi xp theo th t ch ci Latinhgm: Trn Vn An, Trn nh, Nguyn c Minh v Nguyn Ch Trung (Trung tm Qunl Bo tn Di tch), Hiromichi Tomoda, Ichiro Nagumo, Mark Chang v Yuichi Fukukawa(Nht Bn). Cc tr l bin son xp theo th t ch ci Latinh gm: Katsuhiro Ando,Nguyn Th Thanh Lng, Phm Ph Ngc, V ng Phong, L Th Thu Thy, NguynNgc Trn, Th Ngc Uyn v Trng Hong Vinh. Trang ba v b cc bn trong doSirisak Chaiyasook thc hin (UNESCO Bangkok).

n v ti tr in n phm ny: Cng ty TEMA.

UNESCO 2008

n phm ny c ng k bn quyn. Khng c sao chp, lu tr v chuyn idi bt k hnh thc no nh in t, my mc, in lu a hoc cc hnh thc khc, ngoitr cc trch on ngn nhm mc ch ph bnh v khng c bn bt k phn no, hnhnh v bn v no nu khng c s cho php bng vn bn ca cc c quan phi hp binson cun Cm nang ny.

Nhng mc c cho s dng v t liu trong n phm ny khng th hin bt k kinno ca UNESCO v quy nh ca bt k nc no, thnh ph hoc vng no hoc cachnh quyn a phng hoc lin quan n bin gii hoc ranh gii.

Tc gi chu trch v nhng quan im nu trong cun sch, v nhng s kin c trnhby v kin c nhn v nhng s kin . Nhng quan im ca tc gi khng i dincho quan im ca UNESCO.

Showa Womens University, Instituteof International Culture (Vin Vn haquc t - i hc N Chiu Ha )1-7 Taishido, Setagaya-kuTokyo 154-8533, JapanTel: +81 3 3411 5166Fax: +81 3 3411 5218E-mail: [email protected]

UNESCO Bangkok920 Sukhumvit RoadBangkok 10110, ThailandTel: +662 391 0577Fax: +662 391 0866E-mail: [email protected]

UNESCO Hanoi23 Cao Ba Quat StreetHanoi, Viet NamTel: +84 4 747 0275/6Fax: +84 4 747 0274E-mail: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Li ni u

B n phm Cm nang dnh cho ch di tch ti cc khu di sn th gii ca UNESCOc

thc hin nhm p ng yu cu ngy cng cao m bo s bo tn bn vng cho cc

khu th c c gi tr ni bt ton cu.

Cm nang dnh cho ch di tch c pht trin trong khun kh chng trnh Hi nhp

pht trin cng ng v bo tn di sn vn ha ti Chu v Thi Bnh Dng thng qua

n lc ca a phng (LEAP), nhm tng cng s tham gia ca cng ng a phng

trong cng tc bo tn di sn. Mc ch ca cc cm nang l nng cao nng lc trong vic

bo tn di sn bng cch o to cc ch di tch bo qun di tch ca chnh h bng cc gii

php bo tn thch hp. Cc cm nang l tng hp cc k thut xy dng truyn thng v

khoa hc bo tn hin i. Chng h thng ha cc phng php qua tri nghim thi

gian, thch nghi vi tng loi hnh di tch c s dng k thut v vt liu xy dng ca a

phng. Cc cm nang c trin khai thc hin vi s phi hp ca cc nh qun l

di sn ti a phng v cc chuyn gia bo tn quc t, nhng ngi s gip o to cho

cc nh qun l a phng.

S th ba trong b n phm ny tp trung vo khu di sn th gii th c Hi An, Vit

Nam, mt in hnh bo tn v cng th trong khu vc ng Nam c nin i vo th k

15. S phn b nh ca v ng ph phn nh nhng nh hng ca a phng v nc

ngoi trong vic xy dng khu di sn c o ny. Chng ti hy vng rng Cm nang dnh

cho ch di tch ti khu di sn Hi Ans gip y mnh vic thc hin cc nguyn tc bo

tn ca a phng v ng gp tch cc vo s bn vng lu di ca khu th c ny.

Vibeke Jensen

Representative and Head of Ofce, UNESCO Hanoi

Trng i din Vn phng UNESCO H Ni

Foreword

The Heritage Homeowners Preservation Manuals for UNESCO World Heritage Sitesseries

has been produced in response to the growing need to ensure the sustainable conservation

of historic towns of Outstanding Universal Value.

The Homeowners Manualshave been developed within the framework of the Integrated

Community Development and Cultural Heritage Site Preservation in Asia and the Pacic

through Local Effort programme (LEAP), which strengthens local community involvement

in heritage conservation. The manuals aim to build local capacity in heritage preservation

by training homeowners to maintain their historic properties using appropriate conservation

approaches. The manuals present a synthesis of traditional building techniques and modern

conservation science. They codify time-tested methods adapted to each type of structure

using indigenous building materials and techniques. The manuals have been developed in

conjunction with local heritage managers and national conservation experts, who will also

be involved in training local stakeholders.

The third volume in this series focuses on the World Heritage site of Hoi An, Viet Nam, an

exceptionally well-preserved example of a South-East Asian trading port dating back to

the fteenth century. Its buildings and its street plan reect the inuences, both indigenous

and foreign, that have combined to produce this unique heritage site. It is hoped that the

Hoi An Homeowner s Manualwill strengthen the local conservation ethic and contribute

positively to the long-term sustainability of this ancient town.

Richard A. Engelhardt

UNESCO Regional Advisor for Culture in Asia and the Pacic

C vn Vn ha ca UNESCO khu vc Chu - Thi Bnh Dng


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Li cm n

th c Hi An - Di sn th gii, l qun th di tch kin trc c nhiu yu t ni triton cu, nhng cng l ni c ng o c dn a phng ang sinh sng. y vicbo tn di sn t c nhiu thnh qu tt p, mu mc nhng cng ang ngtrc nhiu thch thc ln t s pht trin. kp thi hng dn hot ng bo tn,

s dng v pht huy gi tr Di sn th c Hi An mt cch tt nht, trn tinh thnBo tn vng chc, pht huy bn vng Di sn Vn ha Hi An, cun Cm nang dnhcho cc ch di tch (Homewners Manual) c bin son bi i ng chuyn gia, cnb nhiu kinh nghim thuc t chc UNESCO, Trng i hc N Chiu Ha - NhtBn v Trung tm Qun l Bo tn Di tch Hi An l ti liu quan trng v cn thit.Vi ni dung phong ph, thit thc, cch trnh by d hiu cng nhiu minh ha c th,cun Cm nang ny gii thiu v cnh bo v nhng nguy c ny sinh t cuc sngsinh hot i thng c th gy tc ng tiu cc n di tch nh th no. Qua , cunCm nang khng ch gp phn gip cc ch di tch nng cao hiu bit v di sn vt thv phi vt th m h ang nm gi, cung cp cho h nhng phng php gip h qunl tt hn di sn ca mnh, m y cn l ngun t liu hng dn khch du lch trong

v ngoi nc v thi v hnh ng ng x sao cho ph hp khi n vi khu di sn.Cc Di sn vn ha nhit lit hoan nghnh sng kin kp thi ny.

Cc Di sn vn ha chn thnh cm n nhng n lc ca cc tc gi cun Cm nang.Rt mong cc nh khoa hc v t chc UNESCO tip tc c nhng nghin cu, binson v xut bn nhng n phm tng t, hay c nhng hnh ng kp thi gip VitNam thc hin tt cng tc bo tn di sn.

Hy vng cun Cm nang s khng ch thit thc vi ring Hi An, vi cc khu di sn,di tch khc Vit Nam m cn gp phn rt hu ch cho nhiu di sn khc trn thgii.

Xin trn trng cm n.

TS. ng Vn BiCc trng Cc Di sn vn haB Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch

Acknowledgement

Hoi An Ancient Town, a World Heritage site, is famous for its exceptional outstanding ar-chitecture, but it is also a place where the local community lives their normal life. Althoughthe conservation work here has achieved remarkable results, it now faces great challengesof development. In order to provide timely guidance for the best ways of preserving, using

and promoting Hoi An heritage on the basis of the principle rmly conserve, sustainablypromote, theHomeowners Manual which is prepared and edited thanks to joint effortsof experienced experts of UNESCO, Showa Womens University (Japan) and the Hoi AnCenter for Monuments Management and Preservation, is an important and necessary re-source. Rich in content, well-illustrated and easy to understand, the Manual presents andalerts readers of the potential risks caused by daily life which could be harmful to the an-cient monuments. The book not only helps homeowners to enhance understanding of theirtangible and intangible cultural heritage and provides them with a methodology that helpsthem better manage their houses, it is also a source for guiding domestic and internationalvisitors about appropriate attitude and behavior needed when they are at the heritage site.The Department of Cultural Heritage highly appreciates this well-timed initiative.

We express our sincere thanks to the books authors for their efforts in making such apractical manual. We wish scholars and UNESCO continue to do research, edit and pub-lish similar publications, or to undertake timely actions to assist Viet Nam in carrying outconservation work.

We hope the Manual is not only helpful for Hoi An and for other heritage sites in VietNam, but also valuable for many other heritage sites worldwide.

Thank you.

Dr. Dang Van BaiDirector General of the Department of Cultural Heritage


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LI GII THIU 7i-i Cm nang dnh cho cc ch di tch l g v i tng s dng? 7i-ii Cch s dng cun cm nang ny 7

I. BI CNH V CNG TC BO TN 9Ia. Tm hiu cc nguyn tc bo tn 9Ib. Tm hiu bi cnh lch s v x hi 10Ic. Tm hiu bi cnh th 11Id. Tm hiu bi cnh khu di sn 12Ie. Tm hiu cc loi hnh di tch 12

II. TM HIU V NGI NH DI TCH CA BN 18IIa. Tm hiu v loi di tch 18IIb. Tm d liu 18IIc. Xc nh im quan trng trong ngi nh ca bn 21

IId. Xc nh vic s dng di tch trong tng lai v nhng yu cu 27IIe. Tm hiu cc quy nh php l v cng tc bo tn 29

III. NH GI V TNH TRNG DI TCH 46IIIa. Tm hiu v nhng v tr d b h hng 46IIIb. nh gi phn ni tht 48IIIc. nh gi phn ngoi tht 50IIId. nh gi di tch 51IIIe. Hng dn thc hnh kim tra di tch: hng dn thc tin 53IIIf. Tm tt hin trng di tch 55

IV. THIT Lp MC TIU BO TN 56IVa. Xc nh nhng phn cn gi li v phn c th thay i 56IVb. Hng dn tu sa/ thay i/ ti s dng thch hp. 58IVc. Thit lp cc mc tiu bo tn. 61IVd. Xc nh th t u tin i vi cng tc bo tn. 63

INTRODUCTION 7i-i What is the Homeowners Manualand who is it for? 7i-ii How to use this manual 7

I. CONSERVATION AND CONTEXT 9Ia. Understanding conservation principles 9Ib. Understanding historical and social context 10Ic. Understanding urban context 11Id. Understanding site context 12Ie. Understanding building types 12

II. UNDERSTANDING YOUR BUILDING 18IIa. Understanding your building type 18IIb. Obtaining documentation 18IIc. Determining what is important about your building 21

IId. Determining future uses of the building and requirements 27IIe. Understanding legal regulations about conservation 29

III. ASSESSING THE CONDITION OF YOUR BUILDING 46IIIa. Understanding potential problem areas 46IIIb. Assessing the interior 48IIIc. Assessing the exterior 50IIId. Assessing the site 51IIIe. Conducting a physical investigation of your building:

practical guidelines 53IIIf. Summary of the condition of your building 55

IV. SETTING CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES 56IVa. Determining what should be saved and what could be changed 56IVb. Guidelines for repair/alterations/adaptive re-use 58IVc. Setting conservation objectives 61IVd. Setting conservation priorities 63

C O N T E N T S / MC LC


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V. pLANNING THE CONSERVATION pROJECT 65Va. Administrative procedures 66Vb. Technical advice 69

Vc. Budgetary resources 70Vd. Sample of a budget estimate 71Ve. Preparing the workplan and budget 73

VI. REpAIRS AND MAINTENANCE 75VIa. Timber elements 75VIb. Masonry structures 83VIc. Site problems 88VId. Exterior building parts 94VIe. Interior building parts 100VIf. Inspection of the site and building 106VIg. Risk preparedness 108

VII. RESOURCES 109VIIa. Directory of local resources: materials 109VIIb. Directory of local resources: craftsmen 110VIIc. Directory of local resources: experts 111VIId. Directory of local resources: nancial resources 111VIIe. Bibliography of technical references 112VIIf. Glossary 114

ANNEXES 116Annex 1: Legal regulations for preserving Hoi An 116

Annex 2: Sample documentation of a historic building 117Annex 3: Application forms for restoring a historic building in Hoi An 120Annex 4: List of classied monuments in the regulation of Zone I 121Annex 5: List of houses regulated under item (i) of the regulation of

Zone II-A 128Annex 6: List of houses located near the following monuments regulated under item (ii) of the regulation of Zone II-A 129Annex 7: Examples of facade architectural styles 130

V. Lp D N BO TN 65Va. Th tc hnh chnh 66Vb. T vn k thut 69

Vc. Cc ngun ti chnh 70Vd. Mu d tr kinh ph 71Ve. Chun b k hoch v kinh ph thc hin 73

VI. SA CHA V BO QUN 75VIa. Cc yu t lin quan n g 75VIb. Phn n 83VIc. Nhng vn ca di tch 88VId. Phn ngoi tht 94VIe. Phn ni tht 100VIf. Kim tra di tch 106VIg. Ngn nga ri ro 108

VII. NGUN LC 109VIIa. Danh mc cc ngun lc a phng: Vt liu 109VIIb. Danh mc cc ngun lc a phng: Th th cng 110VIIc. Danh mc cc ngun lc a phng: Cn b k thut 111VIId. Danh mc cc ngun lc a phng: Cc ngun ti chnh 111VIIe. Danh mc cc ti liu tham kho 112VIIf. Thut ng 114

pHN pH LC 116Ph lc 1: Cc quy nh php l v bo tn Hi An 116

Ph lc 2: B h s mu ca mt ngi nh c 117Ph lc 3: Mu n xin tu b di tch Hi An 120Ph lc 4: Danh mc phn loi mc gi tr bo tn di tch trong Khu vc I 121Ph lc 5: Danh mc di tch c p dng theo khon (i) quy nh

Khu vc II-A 128Ph lc 6: Nhng di tch nm lin k cc di tch sau y c p dng theo khon (ii) quy nh Khu vc II-A 129Ph lc 7: Mt s mu kin trc mt ng cng trnh 130


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INTRODUCTION

I-I. WHAT IS THE HOMEOWNERS MANUALAND WHO IS IT FOR?

The Homeowners Manualis a practical guide to restoring historic buildings. The manual is

a comprehensive compilation of both modern scientic conservation methods and traditional

building techniques which should be used in conservation projects. The manual will providefundamental knowledge which is critical in making informed decisions about conserving

historic buildings in in Hoi An ancient town.

The purpose of the Homeowners Manualis:

To provide references for international standards of best conservation practice

To help readers identify conservation priorities and appropriate methodologies

To facilitate communication between homeowners and contractors

To provide further resources to enable appropriate sourcing of materials and skilled

craftsmen.

The Homeowners Manualis meant to be used by:

Historic property owners and tenants

Conservation architects

Contractors

Urban planners

Local government ofcials

I-II. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

The manual is divided into seven chapters.

The rst ve chapters provide a step-by-step guide to the process of conservation. By

following the chapters in order, homeowners will be learn how to undertake the conservation

which is necessary and appropriate for their properties. Homeowners will be guided to

answer the following questions: Why is my building important? What should be conserved

in my building? How shall I plan the conservation work? How much will it cost?

LI GII THIU

I-I. CM NANG DNH CHO CH DI TCH L G V I TNG S DNG?

Cm nang dnh cho ch di tch l mt cun sch hng dn thc hnh v tu b di tch. y

l mt cng trnh bin son tng hp cc phng php bo tn mang tnh khoa hc hin i

kt hp vi k thut xy dng truyn thng cn c s dng trong cc d n bo tn. Cmnang ny s gip cho cc nh qun l a phng tm hiu v kin thc c bn quan trng

nhm a ra nhng gii php ng n bo tn cc di tch trong th c Hi An.

Mc ch ca Cm nang dnh cho ch di tch :

Cung cp ti liu tham kho v thc tin bo tn tt nht t tiu chun quc t.

Gip ngi c xc nh nhng u tin bo tn v cc phng php thch hp.

Tng cng trao i thng tin gia ch di tch v n v thi cng.

Cung cp nhiu ngun lc hn na c th tm kim ngun vt liu v th th cng

lnh ngh thch hp.

i tng s dng Cm nang dnh cho ch di tch :

Ch di tch v ngi thu ngi nh di tch

Kin trc s bo tn

n v thi cng

Cn b quy hoch th

Cn b chnh quyn a phng

I-II. CCH S DNG CUN CM NANG

Cm nang c chia thnh 7 chng.

5 chng u gip hng dn tng bc v quy trnh bo tn. Theo th t tng chng,

ch di tch s hc cch bo tn cn thit v ph hp vi di tch ca chnh h. Ch di tch s

c hng dn tr li cc cu hi thng gp sau y: Ti sao ngi nh ca ti quan

trng? Cn phi bo tn nhng phn no trong ngi nh? Lp k hoch bo tn nh th

no? Kinh ph bao nhiu?


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The last two chapters comprise the reference section. Chapter 6 furnishes a comprehensive

reference for repairs and maintenance work. Homeowners will nd answers to the following

questions: How do I diagnose the problems in my building? How will I x the problems in

my building? Chapter 7 provides a directory for sourcing materials, craftsmen, nancing

and expert advice, along with legal and technical references. Homeowners will be able to

look up the answers to the following questions: Where will I nd the proper materials and

craftsmen to x my building ? Who can I consult for advice?

Hai chng cui l phn tham kho. Chng 6 cung cp ti liu tham kho tng hp v

cng tc tu sa v bo qun. Ch di tch s tm thy nhng cu tr li cho cc cu hi sau

y: Lm th no xc nh nhng vn trong ngi nh? X l cc vn ny nh th

no? Chng 7 cung cp danh mc cc ngun lc: vt liu, th th cng, ti chnh v t

vn ca chuyn gia cng vi nhng ti liu tham kho v k thut v vn bn php l khc.

Ch di tch c th tm thy nhng cu tr li cho cc cu hi sau y: Ti c th tm vt liu

v i ng th thi cng ph hp sa cha ngi nh u? Ai c th t vn cho ti?

Reference sectionPhn tham kho

Chapter 7:Resources / Ngun lc

Figure 1-1: Using the manual / Cch s dng cm nang

Chapter 1: Principles of conservation and context Bi cnh v cc nguyn tc bo tn

Chapter 2: Understanding your building Tm hiu v ngi nh di tch ca bn

Chapter 3: Assessing your buildling nh gi di tch

Chapter 4: Setting conservation objectives Thit lp cc mc tiu bo tn

Chapter 5: Planning your conservation project Lp d n bo tn

Step-by-step guide to the conservation processHng dn cc bc trong qu trnh bo tn

Chapter 6:Repairs and maintenance

Sa cha v bo qun


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I. CONSERVATION AND CONTEXT

Ia. Understanding conservation principles

The overall goal of conservation is to maintain the cultural signicance of a historic building

and its context. The cultural signicance of a building can be dened by its architectural,

historic and social values. These values are expressed in both the physical fabric of thebuilding itself, as well as the relationship of the building to the customs and daily lives of its

inhabitants. The values that the building has may be signicant at the international, national

or local levels. For instance, a building can be architecturally signicant at the national

level, but may have been associated with a major historic event, making it historically

signicant at an international level. However, its current social signicance may be just

for the local community.

Conservation includes a range of activities that will lead to this end goal, starting with the

rst step of maintenance and moving on to restoration, adaptation and even reconstruction.

Maintaining the condition of a historic building while preventing or reducing further decay

is a fundamental task for homeowners. Restoration involves returning the building to the

state which is identied as being most culturally signcant, and may require the removal of

inappropriate later additions. Adaptation of the building can provide a welcome solution to

ensure the long-term viability of a building or its conservation. In nding an adaptive reuse

for a building, the homeowner should carefully consider the most appropriate use which

is compatible with the buildings character, size and social signicance. Reconstruction

may be warranted in some cases if a historic building would otherwise lose its structural

stability or its signicance, particularly for its users.

In oder to conserve the authenticity of a historic building, a minimum intervention

approach is often advocated, in which the homeowner should undertake as much work

as required to sustain the building, but as little as possible in order to maintain the orginal

fabric. This minimal approach was rst outlined in the Venice Charter (1964) and is still

widely used as a basic principle by conservation professionals.

However, in practice, this may not always be possible or desirable. For instance, in the case

when a minimal approach is taken in retaining vunerable wooden structures, a costly regime

I. BI CNH V CNG TC BO TN

Ia. Tm hiu cc nguyn tc bo tn

Mc ch chung ca cng tc bo tn l gn gi gi tr vn ha ca mt di tch v cnh quan

ca n. Gi tr vn ha ca mt di tch c xc nh bng chnh cc gi tr kin trc, lch

s v x hi ca di tch . Nhng gi tr ny c biu hin qua kt cu vt th ca di tchv mi quan h ca di tch vi phong tc tp qun v cuc sng hng ngy ca ngi dn.

Nhng gi tr ny c cc cp khc nhau: quc t, quc gia hay a phng. Chng

hn, mt di tch c gi tr kin trc t cp quc gia nhng khi kt hp vi s kin lch s

trng i, gi tr lch s ca n c nng ln cp quc t, trong khi , v kha cnh x

hi, n ch c ngha i vi cng ng a phng.

Cng tc bo tn bao gm nhiu hot ng bt u t bc duy tu, sang tu b, iu chnh

v thm ch xy dng li. Vic duy tr iu kin ca mt di tch ng thi ngn chn hoc

gim thiu tnh trng mc nt l nhim v ch yu ca ch di tch. Tu b c ngha l tr li

nguyn trng ngi nh c xc nh v mt vn ha v c th yu cu b i nhng sacha khng ph hp. Vic iu chnh mt cch ph hp c th mang li mt gii php tt

nhm m bo kh nng tn ti lu di ca di tch. tm ra cch ti s dng hp l cho

di tch, ch di tch phi xem xt mt cch thn trng cch s dng ph hp nht tng ng

vi c im, kch thc v ngha x hi ca ngi nh. Vic xy dng li c th c

cho php trong trng hp di tch mt i tnh n nh v kt cu hoc ngha ca n, c

bit l phc v cho ngi s dng.

Nhm bo tn tnh chn xc ca di tch, ngi ta thng chn gii php can thip ti

thiu trong ch di tch m nhim mt s vic duy tr di tch nhm gn gi yu t

nguyn gc ca n. Gii php ti thiu ny u tin c phc tho trong Hin chng

Venice (1964) v tip tc c nhng ngi lm cng tc bo tn s dng rng ri nh l

mt nguyn tc c bn.

Tuy nhin, trong thc t vic ny tht kh thc hin. Chng hn nh trong trng hp p

dng gii php ti thiu nhm tip tc duy tr cu trc g b h hi, vn t ra l phi


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Ap Pho was developed, which was the main international commercial hub of Champa

from the eighth to the tenth century. Between the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries,

under the open commercial exchange policies of the Nguyen Lords and the Kings of the

early Nguyen Dynasty, Hoi An inhabitants actively took advantage of the towns prime

geographical position on the growing international maritime route. During this time, Hoi An

became an important international trading port and was the biggest commercial exchange

center in Dang Trong. Foreign merchants from Japan, China and the Europe settled andtraded in the town.

The town reects the diverse cultural inuence of the various communities living together.

With this historical background, Hoi An become the gateway for integrating Eastern and

Western cultures. It was one of the places where the Quoc Ngu, the national language

using Roman alphabet, rst appeared and where both Christianity and Buddhism were

propagated.

In recognition of its outstanding signicance, the ancient town of Hoi An was listed

as a cultural World Heritage site in 1999 under two criteria: it is an outstanding

material manifestation of the fusion of cultures over time (Criteria ii) and isan exceptionally well-preserved example of a traditional Asian trading port

(Criterion v).

Ic. Understanding urban context

Hoi An ancient town includes many building types such as shophouses, communal houses,

pagodas, temples, bridges, family chapels, tombs and wells, assembly halls and markets.

Its area is 0.3 square kilometers, with a length of 1,000 metres and a width of 300 metres.

The buildings are located within a grid formed by lengthwise streets running east-west and

cross streets running north-south. The east-west direction streets include Phan Chu Trinh,Tran Phu and Nguyen Thi Minh Khai, Nguyen Thai Hoc, Bach Dang. The streets in the

north-south direction include Hoang Dieu, Nguyen Hue, Tran Quy Cap, Tieu La, Hoang

Van Thu, Le Loi, Chau Thuong Van and part of Hai Ba Trung. Streets located south of Tran

Phu street were gradually formed from the end of the eighteenth century to the end of the

nineteenth century. (See Figure 1-2.)

tm thng mi quc t chnh ca Champa t th k VIII n th k X. T gia th k

XVI n th k XIX, vi cc chnh sch giao thng thng thong ca cc Cha Nguyn

v cc vua u triu Nguyn, c dn Hi An ch ng tn dng v tr a l quan trng

ca khu th trong pht trin tuyn ng thy quc t. Trong sut thi gian ny, Hi An

tr thnh thng cng quc t quan trng v l mt trung tm giao lu thng mi bc

nht ng Trong. Nhiu thng nhn nc ngoi t cc nc Nht Bn, Trung Quc v

phng Ty n nh c, lp ph, bun bn y.

Khu th ny phn nh s nh hng vn ha a dng ca cc cng ng khc nhau cng

tc cng chung sng. Vi bi cnh lch s ny, Hi An tr thnh ca ng hi nhp vn ha

gia phng ng v phng Ty. y cn l ni khai sinh ra ch Quc Ng, ngn ng

quc gia s dng h thng ch latinh v l ni du nhp, truyn b t tng Thin cha

gio v Pht gio.

Vi vic cng nhn gi tr ni bt ca n, th c Hi An c ghi danh l Di sn

vn ha Th gii vo nm 1999 vi 02 tiu ch: l Biu hin vt th ni bt ca s

kt hp cc nn vn ha qua cc thi k trong mt thng cng quc t (Tiu ch 2) v

l in hnh tiu biu v mt cng th Chu truyn thng c bo tn mt cch hon

ho (Tiu ch 5).

Ic. Tm hiu bi cnh th

Khu ph c Hi An bao gm nhiu loi hnh di tch nh ca hiu, nh, cha, miu, cu,

nh th tc, m, ging, hi qun, ch. Din tch Khu ph c l 0,3km2vi chiu di khong

1000m v chiu rng khong 300m. Cc di tch trong khu ph c c b tr theo hnh bn

c vi cc ph chy ngang dc theo hng ng - Ty v Bc - Nam. Nhng ph chy theo

hng ng - Ty gm Phan Chu Trinh, Trn Ph, Nguyn Th Minh Khai, Nguyn Thi

Hc v Bch ng. Nhng ph chy theo hng Bc - Nam gm Hong Diu, Nguyn

Hu, Trn Qu Cp, Tiu La, Hong Vn Th, L Li, Chu Thng Vn v mt phn Hai

B Trng. Trong , cc on v tuyn ph nm v pha Nam ng Trn Ph c dn

dn hnh thnh vo cui th k XVIII n cui th k XIX. (Xem Hnh s 1 -2.)


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Id. Understanding site context

Hoi An ancient town has approximately over three thousand residents who reside in, animate

and protect the heritage buildings. Hoi An remains a living heritage town, retaining both its

vibrant intangible heritage alongside its unique architectural structures. Hoi An residents

still practice many traditional customs of family life and trade in their shophouses and localmarket. Cultural activities and religious rituals reecting local beliefs are often conducted

in communal houses, temples, tombs, family chapels and churches.

With its growing population and its location on the Thu Bon river, Hoi An ancient town has

been impacted by both social and natural factors. Most of the buildings in Hoi An ancient

town were built more than 100 years ago with structures of brick walls and wooden beams.

Many of these historic buildings have deteriorated due to the impacts of time, annual

oods, as well as the daily environmental pollution and vibration resulting from modern

activities.

However, the Hoi An government and people have developed many effective measures for

conserving the relics in the ancient town. For instance, the Hoi An government has issued the

regulation on Managing, preserving, and utilizing the monuments and scenic spots in the

historic town of Hoi An, supported the budget for restoring one hundred privately-owned

buildings, and invested in restoring one hundred other high-value architectural buildings.

Hoi An has been conserved in an integrated way with both its social and architectural values

intact. (See Figure 1-3.)

Ie. Understanding building types

There are two types of traditional residential buildings in Hoi An. They are shophouses

and family chapels. Shophouses are built on long and narrow lots along the street. Family

chapels are located in small alleys and set back from the street.

Id. Tm hiu bi cnh khu di sn

Khu th c Hi An c khong hn 3.000 c dn sng, sinh hot v bo qun nhng ngi

nh c. Hi An hin l mt th di sn sng, bo tn c vn di sn phi vt th tuyt vi

bn cnh qun th kin trc c o. C dn Hi An vn sng cuc sng i thng vi

cc phong tc truyn thng v bun bn cc ca hiu ca h v ch a phng. Cchat ng vn ha v nghi l tn gio phn nh tn ngng a phng vn ang din ra

ti nh lng, miu, lng, nh th tc v nh th cng gio.

Vi dn s ngy cng tng v v tr a l cnh sng Thu Bn, th c Hi An ang chu

tc ng ca cc yu t x hi v t nhin. Hu ht cc di tch th c Hi An c

xy dng cch y hn mt trm nm vi cu trc tng gch v h x bng g. Trong s

c rt nhiu di tch b xung cp do tc ng ca thi gian, cc trn lt hng nm, cng

nh s nhim ca mi trng sng v s rung chn do cc hot ng ca cuc sng hin

i gy ra.

Tuy nhin, chnh quyn v nhn dn Hi An c nhiu gii php hiu qu nhm bo tn

cc di tch trong Khu ph c. Chng hn nh, y ban Nhn dn thnh ph Hi An ban

hnh Quy ch Qun l, bo tn v s dng di tch danh thng trong Khu ph c Hi An,

h tr kinh ph tu b hn mt trm di tch ca t nhn v u t tu b hn mt trm di

tch kin trc c gi tr cao. Hi An bo tn nguyn vn mt cch hi ha cc gi tr

kin trc v x hi.

(Xem Hnh 1-3.)

Ie. Tm hiu cc loi hnh di tch:

C 02 loi hnh di tch c tr truyn thng ti Hi An. l nh ca hiu v nh th tc.

Loi nh ca hiu c xy dng trn cc tha t di v hp dc theo ng ph. Loi hnh

nh th tc c xy dng trong cc hm nh v li su vo bn trong so vi mt ng.


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Figure 1-2: Urban context / Bi cnh th

1. Assembly Halls: A. Trieu Chau, B. Hai Nam, C. Phuc Kien, D. All-Chinese, E.

Cantonese

Hi qun: A. Triu Chu, B. Hi Nam, C. Phc Kin, D. Ng Bang, E. Qungng

2. Temples: F. Quan Congs temple, G. Quan Am pagoda, H. Tin Nghia temple, I. Van

Thanh Temple, J. Am Hon Temple, Q. Gate of Ba Mu Pagoda

Miu:F. Miu Quan Cng, G. Cha Quan m, H. Tn Ngha T, I. Miu Vn

Thnh, J. Miu m Hn, Q. Tam Quan Cha B M

3. Communal Houses:K. Ong Voi, L. Minh Huong Village, M. Cam Pho

nh: K. ng Voi, L. lng Minh Hng, M. Cm Ph

4. Bridges:N. Japanese Covered Bridge

Cu:N. Cu Nht Bn

5. Museums: O. Museum of Trading Ceramics, P. Museum of Sa Huynh Culture Bo tng:O. Bo tng Gm s Mu dch, P. Bo tng Vn ho Sa Hunh

7. Family Chapels:a. Ly, b. Pham, c. Nguyen, d. Lam, e. Pham, f. Thai, g. Hua, h.

Truong, i.Tran, j. Truong, k. Nguyen, l. Phan, o. Tang, p. Hoang.

Nh th tc:a. L, b. Phm, c. Nguyn, d. Lm, e. Phm, f. Thi, g. Ha, h. Trng,

i.Trn, j. Trng, k. Nguyn, l. Phan, o. Tng, p. Hong.


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Figure 1-3: Site context / Bi cnh khu di sn

1. Main building / Np nh chnh The main building is set along the street. It has deep overhang. Ngi ta thng lm np nh chnh dc theo con ng, c phn

hin rng.

2. Decorative small building / Np nh ph A decorative small building is often added to the main

building.

Ngi ta thng lm thm c trng mt gian nh nh ni vonp nh chnh v c trang tr rt p.

67

81

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

9

3. Courtyard and bridge building/ Sn tri v np nh cu On one side of the courtyard, there is a small building which

bridges between the front and rear buildings.

Ngi ta thng lm mt np nh nh ni np nh trc v npnh sau v mt bn ca sn tri.

4. Rear building / Np nh sau Used as annex. c s dng nh np nh ph

5. Backyard / Sn sau In the backyard, the kitchen, toilet and shower are

located.

Ngi ta b tr gian bp, khu v sinh v nh tm trongsn sau

6. Lot / Tha t The lot of each house is long and narrow.

Tha t ca mi ngi nh thng di v hp.

7. Enclosed street / Nhng con ng nh hp The main buildings of the shophouses line the street

and an enclosed street is formed.

Cc np nh chnh ca loi nh ca hiu nm dc theocon ng v to thnh con ng nh hp

8. Deep overhang / Hin rng Deep overhang lls the gap between the interior and

exterior of buildings. People inside the house canobserve what is happening outside without having to

worry about being seen from the outside. Because ofthis intermediate space, the street atmosphere becomes

more familiar than in a residential district where each

house is enclosed by a fence. Hin rng to khong cch gia phn bn trong v bn

ngoi ca ngi nh. Ngi trong nh c th quan stnhng g ang xy ra bn ngoi m khng lo ngingoi nhn thy. Do c khng gian ny, con ng trnn thn thin v gn gi hn so vi khu dn c mmi nh u c hng ro bao bc.

9. Greenbelt/ Vnh ai xanh The courtyards of adjacent buildings line up, forming

a courtyard zone (greenbelt). Sn tri ca nhiu di tch lin k xp thnh hng to

nn mt dy sn tri (vnh ai xanh)


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Diagram of a shophouse / S nh ca hiu1. Deep overhang / Hin

2. Main building / Np nh chnh

3. Decorative small building / Np nh ph

4. Courtyard / Sn tri

5. Bridge building / Np nh cu

6. Rear building / Np nh sau

7. Backyard / Sn sau

The shophouse is composed of three buildings. They are: a front (main) building, a rearbuilding (annex), and a bridge building which connects the front building with the rearbuilding. There is a courtyard between the front building and the rear building, which ispaved with stones and furnished with an ornamented basin on the wall facing the bridgebuilding. Behind the rear building, there is a kitchen and a backyard.

In some cases, a decorative small building is attached behind the front and / or rearbuilding. Generally, the small building has an independent roof which is supported bya roof frame called trnh chng tr i, which is composed of horizontal beams and

vertical posts. In many cases, they are ornamented richly.There is usually a deep overhang at the front of the shophouse. It usually starts as aspace of one span added to the main building. In some cases with the passing of time,the space might have been integrated into the main roof. In the system of building usingwooden structure, the overhang would have been the main way to enlarge the spaceof the building. It is one of the key concepts to understanding the typology of woodenbuildings. In this sense, it is different from the English term eave.

Mt ngi nh ca hiu bao gm 3 np nh. Np nh trc (chnh), np nh sau (ph) vnp nh cu ni np nh trc vi np nh sau. Gia np nh trc v np nh sau ckhong sn tri c lt bng , trong sn ngi ta thng lm h nc c trang tr hatit hoa vn c trng trn bc tng i din vi np nh cu. Pha sau np nh sau lnp nh bp v khong sn sau.

Trong mt vi trng hp, np nh ph cng c trang tr p mt, gn vi np nhtrc v / hoc np nh sau. Ni chung, np nh nh ny c mi c lp vi h mi chng gi l trnh chng tr i bao gm cc thanh x ngang v tay thng ng. Trong

mt s trng hp, chng c trang tr, chm khc rt p.Hin pha trc nh ca hiu thng c dc ln. N c xem nh mt khong khnggian thm vo np nh trc. Qua bin i ca thi gian, khong khng gian ny cgn lin vi h mi chnh. Trong kin trc g, hin gip m rng din tch khng gian cangi nh. y l mt trong nhng khi nim quan trng hiu v loi hnh di tch g.Trong trng hp ny, n khc vi kiu mi cha theo nh ngha trong ting Anh.

Figure 1-4a: Shophouse / Hnh s 1-4a: Nh ca hiu

2

5

1

6

7

3

4


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Figure 1-4b: Typical facade, plan and section of the shophouse / Hnh s 1-4b: Mt tin, mt bng v mt ct tiu biu ca nh ca hiu

The shophouse is composed of the front (main), bridge and rear buildings.

Nh ca hiu bao gm np nh trc (chnh), np nh cu v np nh sau.

Two-storey colonial styleNh hai tng kiu k in trc thuc a

Two-storey with brick wallsNh hai tng c tng gch

Two-storey with wooden walls and balcony /Nh hai tng vch g c ban-cng

Two-storey with eavesNh hai tng c hin nh

One-storey with wooden wallsNh mt tng vch g

Internal vertical composition of the main buildingCc b phn ni tht theo phng thng ng ca np nh chnh

Hin Phn nh gia Np nh ph

Nh mt tn gtruyn thng

Hien Core Additional

traditional one-story

1. Deep overhang / Hin2. Main building / Np nh chnh3. Decorative small building / Np nh

ph c trng4. Courtyard and bridge building / Sn

tri v np nh cu5. Rear building / Np nh sau6. Backyard with kitchen, toilet and

shower / Sn sau (c nh bp, khuv sinh v nh tm)

1

2

3

4

6

Plan and section of a one-storey shophouse with wooden wallsMt ct ca nh ca hiu mt tng vch g

5

Many variations in the internal vertical composition of the space of the main buildings arepossible.

C rt nhiu s bin i b phn ni tht theo phng thng ng trong khng gian np nhchnh.

5 types of facades / 5 loi mt tin

Shophouses can be classied into ve types according to their facades. One-storey shophouses with wooden walls date from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Those built in the colonial style are from the early

twentieth century.

Ngi ta chia nh ca hiu thnh 5 loi da theo loi mt tin ca ngi nh. Nhng ngi nh ca hiu 1 tng vch g c nin i th k 18 v 19. Nhng ngi nh xy dng theo kiu kin trc thuc a c nin i vo

khong u th k 20.


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Diagram of the family chapel / S nh th tc1. Main building / Np nh chnh

2. Deep overhang / Hin

3. Front garden / Vn trc nh4. Residential building / Np nh

A family chapel is a detached house built on a square lot. The lot is enclosed by a fenceand there is a large garden in front of the main building. The core plan and structureare the same as the main building of a shophouse, and it is enlarged on all sides withoverhangs. Often another building for residential use is constructed at one side of thelot. It looks very much like the garden houses found in the suburbs of Hue.

Nh th tc l mt ngi nh th c xy ring bit trong mt khun vin t. Tha tc tng ro bao bc v c khu vn rng ln pha trc np nh chnh. Mt bng vcu trc gian gia cng ging nh np nh chnh ca nh ca hiu v c m rng ra4 pha vi cc mi hin. Ngi ta thng lm np nh v mt bn ca tha t. Cutrc ca cc ngi nh ny tng t nh cc ngi nh vn ngoi thnh Hu.

Figure 1-4d: Comparison between the shophouse and the family chapel / Hnh s 1-4d: So snh gia nh ca hiu v nh th tc

Figure 1-4c: Family chapel / Hnh s 1-4c: Nh th tc

Overhang

Hin Core

Np nh gia

Overhang

HinAdditional

Np nh ph

Overhang

Hin Core

Np nh gia

Overhang

HinCore

Np nh gia

4

2

1

3


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II. UNDERSTANDING YOUR BUILDING

IIa. Understanding your building type

What is your building type?

Describe your building type architecturally by referring to Figures 1-3 and 1-4.

First, you should determine whether your building is a shophouse or a family chapel. Second, you should determine the type of facade of your building, which is classied

in Figure 1-4.

Third, you can check the composition of your house by referring to Figure 1-3. Most of

the houses are composed of many buildings: front (main) building, rear building (annex),

bridge building, etc. In some cases, a decorative small building is attached to the front

and/or rear building on the side of the courtyard.

What are the different components of your building?

Describe the different components of your building by referring to the next page and Figure

2-1.

How does your building operate?

The building should be examined from two points of view: exterior and interior.

Firstly, from the perspective of the exterior, the traditional buildings create a lively

atmosphere in the street. The street space enclosed by the continuous facades supports

community life. The deep overhangs play an important role to support both community

life in the street and private life in the house.

Secondly, from the perspective of the interior, the building shelters the residents from severe

climate: strong sunlight, rainwater, wind, etc. The courtyard plays a very important role in

providing the interior with sunlight and fresh air. (See Figure 2-2.)

IIb. Obtaining documentation

Before undertaking work on a historical building, you should try to obtain documentation

which will help give an idea of the original design of the building and its later adaptations

and alterations over time. The results of the documentary research form an important rst step

for you as the homeowner to understand what is valuable, and therefore worth conserving

II. TM HIU V NGI NH DI TCH Ca bN

II. Tm hiu v loi hnh di tch

Nh c n thuc loi no?

Hy m t kin trc ngi nh ca bn qua tham kho cc Hnh s 1-3 v 1-4.

Trc ht, bn nn xc nh nh ca bn thuc loi nh ca hiu hay nh th tc. Th hai, bn nn xc nh loi mt tin ca nh bn da theo phn loi Hnh s 1-4.

Th ba, bn c th kim tra cc b phn cu thnh ngi nh theo Hnh 1- 3. Hu ht cc

ngi nh thng bao gm nhiu np nh: np nh trc (chnh), np nh sau (ph), np

nh cu,... Trong mt s trng hp, c mt np nh ph gn vi np nh trc v/hoc

np nh sau bn cnh sn tri.

Cc phn khc nhu c ngi nh n l g?

Hy m t cc b phn khc nhau ca ngi nh bn qua tham kho trang tip theo v Hnh

2-1.

Ngi nh c n vn hnh nh th no?

Bn cn phi kim tra ngi nh ca mnh t hai gc : bn ngoi v bn trong.

Th nht, nhn t gc bn ngoi, cc ngi nh truyn thng to nn khng kh sng ng

trn ng ph. Khng gian ng ph vi nhng mt tin lin tip nhau to nn s gn

gi trong cuc sng cng ng. Mi hin ng vai tr quan trng i vi cuc sng cng

ng trn ng ph v c cuc sng ring t trong mi ngi nh.

Th hai, nhn t gc bn trong, ngi nh che ch ngi dn khi thi tit xu: nh nng

gay gt, nc ma, gi,... Sn tri ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong vic cung cp nh

sng v khng kh trong lnh cho bn trong. (Xem Hnh 2-2.)II. Xy dng h s

Trc khi thc hin cng vic bo tn mt ngi nh c, ch di tch phi c c nhng

ti liu gip h a ra kin v thit k nguyn trng v nhng thay i qua thi gian ca

ngi nh. Kt qu ca vic tham kho ti liu ny l bc quan trng u tin i vi bn

vi t cch l ch di tch hiu v nhng gi tr ca n v t bo tn nhng gi tr


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For ech prt of your uilding riey explin What are the components? What are the special architectural features?

Facade Describe it briey. What is the type of facade? What ttings are used? What materials are used?

Composition of uildings Describe the composition briey. What is the function of each buiding? How is each building constructed? What materials are used?

Roof Describe it briey. What kind of roof does your house have? Are there small and additional roofs? How is it suported? What kind of framework supports the roof? What materials are used?

Prtition wlls & oors Describe them briey. Which rooms are divided by walls? Which rooms have raised oors? Are there any traces of old partition walls or raised oors? What materials are used?

Use What are the uses of each room/space?

How have the uses changed in comparison with the past? Are the present uses suitable to each room/space?

Other characteristics Describe other characteris tics briey. Are there any special characteristics in the roof, wall, structure and ornamentation?(For example: crabshell roof, basin, dragons eye, terrace, etc.)

Gii thch tm tt mi phn chnh c nh n Gm cc b phn no? Cc c im kin trc c bit no?

Mt tin: M t tm tt. Loi hnh mt tin no? Nhng cu kin no c lp t? Vt liu no c s dng?

Cu to c gin nh: M t tm tt. Chc nng mi gian l g? c xy dng nh th no? Vt liu no c s dng?

Mi: M t tm tt. Chc nng mi gian l g? C lp cc mi nh c trng khng?

N c chng nh th no? Loi h khung no chng mi? Vt liu no c s dng?

Vch ngn v sn: M t tm tt Phng no c ngn cch bng tng? Nhng phng no c sn c nng cao? C du vt no ca vch ngn c hay sn c nng cao khng? Vt liu no c s dng?

Cch s dng: Vic s dng ca mi phng, gc, khng gian l g?

Vic s dng ny c thay i nh th no so vi trc y? Vic s dng hin nay c ph hp vi mi phng hay gc khng?

Cc c trng khc: M t tm tt cc c trng khc. C cc c trng no khc h mi, tng, kt cu v mng trang tr khng?(V d: mi v v cua, h nc, mt ca, thm,...)


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Figure 2-1: Understnding your uilding (n exmple of one-story shophouse)Hnh s 2-1: Tm hiu v ngi nh c n (mt v d c nh c hiu mt tng)

building type: Shophouse

Fcde: One-storey with wooden wall

Fittings: Sides: sliding board

Center:double doors (wooden, no glass)Composition: Front building with small additional building

- bridge building (courtyard)

- rear building (2 stories) + backyard

Roof frmework: A1. ko chng, A2. trnh chng - tr iRoof tile: Traditional yin-yang

Prtition wll & oor: B1. partition wall dividing rooms B2. raised oor

Use of rooms: C1. shop, C2. bed rooms, C3. living C4. kitchen, C5. toilet and shower

Other chrcteristics: D1. beautiful wooden panels surrounding the courtyard

D2. crabshell roof

Loi cng trnh: Nh ca hiu

Mt tin: Mt tng/vch gCu kin: Hai bn: vn trt

gia: ca i (g, khng c knh)

Cu to: Np nh trc c np nh ph

- nh cu (sn tri) - nh sau (2 tng) + sn sau

H mi: A1. ko chng, A2. trnh chng - tr i

Ngi: Mi m dng truyn thng

Vch ngn v sn: B1. vch chia cc phngB2. sn ni

Chc nng cc phng: C1. ca hng, C2. phng ng, C3. phng sinh hot,

C4. bp, C5. khu v sinh v nh tm

Cc c trng khc: D1. cc bn g trang tr p mt bao quanh sn tri

D2. mi v v cua


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about your building. This can include not just how it is signicant architecturally, but also

how it is also valuable in terms of its historic, social and economic aspects.

You should try to look for the following information:

Age of the building

Original design of the building and its setting (including floor plan, exterior

ttings, interior ttings, soft furnishings and other decor)

History of additions to the building Function of building in the towns history

Sources of primary information include:

Maps

Historic oor plans and architectural drawings

Historic photographs

Oral or written accounts of the building

Government records, such as land title and building permit records

Since it may not always be feasible to nd primary sources, sources of secondary

information should also be consulted. These include: Books and journal articles

Newspaper and magazine article, particularly local media

Reports form local heritage bodies or conservation agencies

The documentary research will give you a better understanding before you conduct a physical

investigation of the building. The physical investigation will allow you to assess the current

condition of the building and uncover traces of how the building has changed over time.

Together, the documentary research and the physical investigation will give you a more

complete picture of the buildings original state, its evolution and its current condition.

IIc. Determining what is important about your building

Once you have gained an understanding of the signicance of the building type and have

obtained and analysed the documentation about your own building, you will be able to make

an informed assessessment about how your building is signicant. In other words, what is

most signicant about your building and needs to be conserved in its entirety? what is less

trong ngi nh ca mnh. khng ch l n c gi tr v kin trc ra sao, m n cn c

gi tr v lch s, x hi v kinh t nh th no.

Bn nn tm kim nhng thng tin sau: Tui th ca ngi nh

Thit k nguyn trng ca ngi nh v b cc ca n (bao gm mt bng, b tr ngoi

tht, b tr ni tht, cc vt trong nh v cc trang tr khc)

Lch s ca nhng ln sa cha, tu b Chc nng ca ngi nh trong lch s ca khu ph c

Cc ngun thng tin c bn bao gm: Cc bn

Cc bn v kin trc v mt bng trc y

Cc nh chp trc y

Cc t liu truyn ming hoc t liu vit v ngi nh

H s ca chnh quyn nh Giy chng nhn quyn s dng t v Giy php xy

dng

V khng phi lc no cng tm c nhng t liu gc nn cn phi tham khocc ngun thng tin ph, bao gm: Sch v cc bi vit

Bo v tp ch, c bit l phng tin truyn thng a phng

Cc bo co ca cc c quan di sn hay cc c quan bo tn a phng

Vic nghin cu ti liu s gip bn hiu bit hn v ngi nh mnh trc khi thc hin

vic iu tra kho st ngi nh. Vic iu tra ny s gip bn nh gi hin trng ca ngi

nh v pht hin nhng du vt thay i ca ngi nh qua thi gian.

ng thi, vic nghin cu ti liu cng vi iu tra s gip bn c c mt bc tranh

hon chnh hn v tnh nguyn trng, din bin qua thi gian v hin trng ca ngi nh.

IIc. Xc nh im qun trng trong ngi nh c n

Khi bn hiu bit v ngha ca loi hnh ngi nh, nm bt v phn tch ti liu v

chnh ngi nh ca mnh th bn s c th nh gi c v tm quan trng ca ngi nh

mnh. Ni cch khc, im g ca ngi nh bn c ngha nht v cn c bo tn mt

cch ton vn? im g t ngha hn? im g c coi l khng c ngha, nh phn


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Figure 2-2: How does your uilding operte? / Ngi nh n vn hnh nh th no?

In the cse of shophouses / Trong trng hp nh c hiu:1. The main buildings create a sense of enclosure of the street.

Cc dy np nh chnh to nn cm gic mt con ng gn b, thn thin.

2. The deep overhang mediates between outside and inside.

Mi hin l khng gian chuyn tip gia bn ngoi v bn trong ngi nh.

3. The roof shelters the residents from severe climate.

Mi nh che ch cho ngi dn khi khc nghit ca thi tit.

4. The courtyard is a lifeline to provide the interior with sunlight and fresh air.

Sn tri l ni cung cp nh sng v khng kh trong lnh cho bn trong nh.

5. Raised oors prevent coldness and damp from the ground.

Sn ni gip trnh c lnh v m t t di nn t.

1

2

3

45

Hot / nngCool / mt


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Figure 2-3: Specic digrms out how your uilding opertes / S c th v cch vn hnh c ngi nh n

building mterils / Vt liu xy dng

In traditional buildings, wood, brick, plaster and ceramic roof tiles are used.

These materials become more beautiful as time goes by.

Trong cc ngi nh truyn thng, ngi ta thng dng g, gch, vi va vngi. Qua thi gian, cc loi vt liu ny s tr nn p hn.

The materials used in modern buildings such as metals, plastics and other new

building materials begin to deteriorate soon after construction is completed.

Cc vt liu thng c s dng trong cc ngi nh hin i nh kim loi,nha v cc vt liu xy dng mi khc s sm h hng sau khi vic xy

dng hon tt.

Lyout / b cc

The continuous facades of the main buildings set along the street create a sense

of enclosure for the street, thereby supporting the active sense of community

life in the street and private life in the house. The facades have slightly unevensetbacks, reecting the town development in historic periods and contributingto the unique architectural beauty of the ancient town. The deep overhang

mediates between the inside and the outside.

Cc mt tin lin tip nhau ca cc np nh chnh dc theo con ng tonn cm gic gn gi ca con ng, t to nn sc sng ng trong i

sng cng ng v trong cuc sng ring t ca mi gia nh. Cc dy ph

c cc khong li tng i khng u nhau, phn nh s pht trin ca

th qua cc thi k lch s v gp phn to nn v p kin trc c oca khu ph c. Hin rng l khng gian chuyn tip gia bn ngoi v bn

trong ngi nh.

Very deep modern setbacks damage the sense of enclosure of the street. Having

a very uneven line of facades is not good for community life.

Cc khong li qu su mang tnh hin i lm gim i cm gic gn gi ca

con ng. Mt dy ph c nhiu khong li khng u nhau s khng tt

cho cuc sng cng ng.

>

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