hltin301a learning guide & assessmentanrl.com.au/samples/hltin301c_s.pdfrefer to the guide to...
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F O R E W O R D
This publication is one of a number of Learning Guides produced by The Australian
Medical Association (WA) Inc as a resource for the health sector. It is utilised within AMA
Training Services and Health Training Australia as a training resource and within the
workplace as a support guide.
The development of this workbook was undertaken by a number of trainers and
developers within AMA and HTA, who have both industry knowledge and specific
expertise in the course content.
Although every effort has been made to present reliable and accurate information, the
AMA will assume no responsibility for outcomes and actions resulting from the application
of the information presented in this workbook. Users are encouraged to confirm
application in conjunction with protocols within their specific work environment.
This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study,
research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be
reproduced by any process without written permission. Please forward all enquiries to:
The Manager
Health Training Australia
PO Box 133
NEDLANDS WA 6909
Telephone: (08) 9273 3044
Facsimile: (08) 9273 3045
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CONTENTS INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS ......................................................................................5
Training ............................................................................................................................5 On and Off-the-Job Training.............................................................................................6 Assessment ......................................................................................................................6 Learning Guide Aid...........................................................................................................7 Tips for Learners ..............................................................................................................8
LEARNING OUTCOMES ....................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................10
LEGISLATION AND STANDARDS IN INFECTION CONTROL .......................................11 Duty of care ....................................................................................................................11 Infection Control Guidelines ...........................................................................................12 Handling Clinical and Other Related Waste ...................................................................13
MICRO-ORGANISMS........................................................................................................14 Other Organisms ............................................................................................................14
Bacteria .......................................................................................................................16 Viruses ........................................................................................................................17 Fungi ...........................................................................................................................18 Protozoa......................................................................................................................19
THE SPREAD OF DISEASE.............................................................................................20 Direct Contact .............................................................................................................21 Indirect Contact ...........................................................................................................22 Droplet Transmission ..................................................................................................23
MAINTAINING A HEALTHY BODY ..................................................................................24 The Skin .........................................................................................................................24 Mucous Membrane.........................................................................................................25 Other Body Defences .....................................................................................................25
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS............................................................................................26 Additional Precautions....................................................................................................26 Clean and Sterile Techniques.........................................................................................27
PERSONAL HYGIENE......................................................................................................28 Personal Grooming.........................................................................................................28 Hand Hygiene.................................................................................................................29 Fingernails ......................................................................................................................30 Hand Cleansers..............................................................................................................31 Hand Hygiene Procedures .............................................................................................32
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) ..............................................................34 Gloves Procedure...........................................................................................................37
Removing Gloves........................................................................................................37 Immunisation ..................................................................................................................39
MAINTAINING A CLEAN WORKPLACE..........................................................................40 Why Do We Clean? ........................................................................................................40 Achieving High Standards ..............................................................................................40 Cleaning Agents .............................................................................................................41 Equipment Used for Cleaning.........................................................................................42 Removal of Spillages......................................................................................................44 Clean and Disinfect Surfaces and Equipment ................................................................45 One-Way Work Flow ......................................................................................................45
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CONTENTS Work and Treatment Areas.............................................................................................47
Non-Critical Items........................................................................................................48 Semi-Critical Items ......................................................................................................48 Critical Items ...............................................................................................................48
Cleaning Used Items and Equipment .............................................................................49 Disinfection..................................................................................................................49 Sterilisation..................................................................................................................50
STORAGE OF CLEANING EQUIPMENT .........................................................................51
CROSS-INFECTION AND CROSS CONTAMINATION....................................................52 Strategies to Reduce Cross-Infection and Cross-Contamination....................................53
WASTE MANAGEMENT...................................................................................................54 Waste Segregation and Storage.....................................................................................55 Handling and Disposing of Sharps .................................................................................56
Needle Stick Injuries....................................................................................................57 Reporting Injuries and Infections.................................................................................57
Safe Handling and Disposal of Waste ............................................................................58 Transport of Waste......................................................................................................60
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...............................................................................................................61
GUIDE TO ASSESSMENT................................................................................................63 Assessment Plan for Participant.....................................................................................64 Summary of Evidence Sources ......................................................................................65 Assessment Plan............................................................................................................66
WRITTEN ACTIVITIES......................................................................................................67
PRE-ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST ....................................................................................70 Sam
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HLTIN301C © Health Training Australia (Inc) ISBN: 978-0-9872687-9-2
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INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS
This learning guide will assist you in developing skills and knowledge to work effectively in
the health industry and to apply these skills to your workplace and daily tasks.
Training
Competence means that you have the required knowledge and skills to do your job. These
are described in ‘competency standards’. Your training will be based on these to make
sure it is relevant to the needs of your job and yourself.
Your Participant Assessment Record and the Pre-Assessment Checklist in the Guide to
Assessment (included at the back of this Learning Guide) state the standards of
competence.
The purpose of the training is to develop your workplace competence, so you will be
expected to practise your skills whenever you can. This can be done through work
experience, practical sessions in a training organisation or through your full time or part-
time job. It is important that you have both theoretical and practical knowledge and skills.
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INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS
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On and Off-the-Job Training
Your training may consist of on-the-job coaching with your workplace supervisor and/or
trainer on a one-to-one or small group basis. It may also involve formal training sessions
conducted off-the-job in addition to working through your learning guide.
Make sure you ask lots of questions, complete the activities, and do additional research to
ensure you know everything listed in the Pre-Assessment Checklist.
If you do not understand any part of the unit please contact your Trainer.
Assessment
Once you have completed your training and practised your skills, you will be ready to have
your skills and knowledge assessed. The purpose of this is not to see if you can pass a
test, but to determine if you can perform work tasks competently.
Refer to the Guide to Assessment for detailed information on this unit’s Assessment Plan.
Complete the Pre-Assessment Checklist in the Guide to Assessment. This sets out the
skills and knowledge you will need to demonstrate during your assessment to be deemed
competent in this unit.
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INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS
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Learning Guide Aid
You will see the following icons throughout your Learning Guide. They will help you with
your learning by telling you what type of information that is being presented in the Learning
Guide. The icons are listed below with explanations on the use of each one.
REMEMBER - used for specific points to note or helpful tips to remember.
THINK / IDEA – when asking you to think about your response to a statement or situation. What do you do in your workplace?
INFORMATION – when providing additional information or giving links to further information – e.g. website, reference book, workplace policies and procedures.
IMPORTANT – for any information that is considered important and critical to demonstrating competence in the unit, or in relation to an occupational health and safety issue.
ACTIVITY – may form part of the evidence of competency for this unit.
The activities are designed to make the theory practical to your individual situations and
you are encouraged to complete them all.
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INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS
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Tips for Learners
Read through the information in the Learning Guide carefully. Make sure you understand
the material. If you come across anything you do not understand:
Discuss your training with your trainer and make sure you understand what is required
and how the training will be organised.
Ask for feedback on your progress as you work through the activities.
Ask for help when you need it. Talk to more experienced colleagues or your trainer and
ask for their guidance.
Listen, take notes, ask questions and practise your new skills as often as possible.
This way you will improve your speed, memory, and also your confidence.
During your training, you should seek other sources of information as well, e.g.
reference books, the Internet. Some of these are suggested in the guide.
Try to relate the information presented in this Learning Guide to your own experiences
and to what you already know.
Work through the activities. They are there for a reason and even if you already have
the knowledge or skills relating to a particular activity, doing them will help to reinforce
what you already know. If you do not understand an activity, think carefully about the
way the question or instructions are phrased.
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LEARNING OUTCOMES This Learning Guide will provide you with information that will assist in your learning and
development of effective infection control procedures and work standards in a health care
environment.
Completing this work book aims to provide you with a greater understanding of the
principles and techniques associated with:
Infection control.
Identifying and responding to infection risks.
Maintaining personal hygiene.
Using Personal Protective Equipment.
Limit contamination.
Handling and disposing of clinical and other waste.
Clean environmental surfaces.
In order to be competent in this unit you will be able to:
Demonstrate a basic knowledge of microbiology.
Identify how disease is transmitted and methods of minimising contamination.
Apply Standard and Additional precautions appropriate in the workplace.
Demonstrate appropriate hand washing and hand care procedures in the work
environment
Identify and respond to infection risks according to organisational policy and
procedure.
Demonstrate appropriate use of personal protective clothing and equipment.
Handle, package, label, store, transport and dispose of waste according to
organisational and legislative requirements.
Demonstrate cleaning procedures for specific equipment or the work environment
ensuring full compliance with cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation protocols.
Show procedures necessary for the confinement of articles in clean and contaminated
zones.
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INTRODUCTION
This unit is provided as a collective unit for Health Support Workers who have a multi-
functional role within a heath care facility but can also be adapted for workers who have a
more specific support role in relation to providing quality health care services.
It covers the skills and knowledge which you need to apply when doing any task which
requires you to follow infection control policy and procedure in the workplace.
In reading through the learning guide you may well come across information and tasks that
are not your everyday responsibility. However, by completing this unit you will gain a better
understanding of your role and responsibilities in a health care setting and thereby improve
your existing skills and knowledge in your current work role.
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LEGISLATION AND STANDARDS IN INFECTION CONTROL
Working in an environment where you deal with many infection control issues it is
important that you adhere to the current legislation. You must ensure that you adopt safe
practice in line with the Occupational Health and Safety Act 1984.
In this unit examples are given from Western Australian Legislation. Each State and Territory has adapted Legislation according to their needs and requirements. To look at Legislation that governs your State or Territory go to:
Australian Government website www.australia.gov.au/Legislation
Duty of care
‘General Duty of Care’ and ‘General Duties’ describes duties that the Act places upon
people to ensure their own safety at work and that of others who are at the workplace or
who might be injured by the work. These general duties are aimed at preventing anyone
being killed, injured or contracting an illness because of work or activities at a workplace,
including using plant or equipment.
Section 19 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984 (WA) states employers must,
in so far as is practicable, provide and maintain a working environment where the
employees are not exposed to hazards.
Section 20 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984 (WA) states that employees
must take reasonable care of their own safety and health at work and avoid harming the
safety and health of other people.
As a Health Support Worker if you do not adhere to infection control policy and procedure you have the potential to harm patient/clients, staff and customers
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LEGISLATION AND STANDARDS IN INFECTION CONTROL
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Infection Control Guidelines
In January 2004 the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing produced
strict guidelines for the prevention of transmission of infectious diseases in the health care
setting. It is set out in five parts:
Principles of infection control.
Quality management.
Effective work practices and procedures.
Managing infectious disease in the health care setting.
Infection control in specific health care settings.
These guidelines are the basis on the infection control policies and procedures you will
find in your health care facility.
Your workplace will have an Infection Control Program which is co-ordinated by a suitably
qualified infection control professional. It is their responsibility to ensure that all aspects of
infection control are addressed including the education of staff and that the program is up
to date with any relevant research findings. Your workplace may have an individual
responsible for infection control or in larger facilities a team of people. An infection control
professional could be an infection control nurse, infection control scientist or an infection
control doctor.
In order to ensure ‘best practice’ throughout Australia, the Australian Infection Control
Association Inc published Infection Control Standards to inform infection control
professionals and others in the minimum expectations and requirements for infection
control in all areas of the workplace.
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LEGISLATION AND STANDARDS IN INFECTION CONTROL
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Handling Clinical and Other Related Waste
In the management of waste, it is necessary to adhere to relevant legislation, standards
and guidelines for the type of waste you are handling. To be consistent, and to ensure
quality assurance, documents are generated at the national, state, and local government
levels. The documents relate to the safe identification, packaging, labelling, storage,
transport, treatment and disposal, from the point of generation, to the point of final
disposal.
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MICRO-ORGANISMS
Before deciding what to do to protect ourselves and others from infection, we need to look
at the micro-organisms (bugs) responsible for infection.
Micro-organisms are all around us. They assist us in many ways and are essential to the
functioning of the planet as well as our own health and well-being. They are so small they
cannot be seen without a microscope. They are important for the survival of all living things
on the planet due to their roles in various life cycles.
Some micro-organisms are useful to humans and the environment e.g. bacteria used in
the making of cheese and yoghurt and those used to break down waste in a compost
heap. However, some micro-organisms can cause disease and are known as pathogens.
There are four main groups of micro-organisms Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and Protozoa.
Within each group there are various different types of micro-organisms which given the
right conditions have the ability the cause disease.
Other Organisms
There are larger organisms that cause disease – these include parasitic tapeworms, lice
and scabies.
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MICRO-ORGANISMS
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Below there are some examples of the four main groups and the types of infections they
cause:
BACTERIA
Staphylococcus – causes boils.
Impetigo – school sores.
Some forms of conjunctivitis – inflammation of eye membranes.
Gastroenteritis- diarrhoea and vomiting.
Open wound infections.
Salmonella – food poisoning.
Streptococcus pyogenes – sore throat.
VIRUSES
Gastroenteritis – diarrhoea and vomiting.
Rhinovirus – the common cold.
Influenza – respiratory infection.
Herpes – cold sores.
HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Warts.
Hepatitis – inflammation of the liver.
Chicken pox.
Mumps.
Measles.
Rubella – German Measles.
FUNGI
Candida – causes thrush.
Ringworm – inflammation of the skin, scalp, nails.
Athlete’s foot/Tinea – inflammation of skin between the toes.
PROTOZOA
Amoebic meningitis.
Malaria.
Amoebic Dysentery.
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HLTIN301C
COMPLY WITH INFECTION CONTROL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES IN HEALTH
WORK
GUIDE TO ASSESSMENT
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GUIDE TO ASSESSMENT
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Assessment Plan for Participant
Unit of Competency: HLTIN301C – Comply with infection control policies and procedures in health work Unit Description: This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required for workers to comply with infection control policies and procedures. All procedures must be carried out in accordance with current infection control guidelines, Australian and New Zealand Standards for maintaining infection control and the policies and procedures of the organisation. This unit acknowledges the importance of complying with an effective infection control strategy that ensures the safety of the client (or end-user of health-related products/services), maintains personal protection and prevents the transmission of infections from person to person Work will be within a prescribed range of functions involving known routines and procedures with some accountability for the quality of outcomes. The workplace context may be: Specific community. Community or regional service. Department of a large institution or organisation. Specialised service or organisation.
Plan: Assessment
Training, mentoring and support in relation to each unit of competency will be provided to participants on a regular basis in person, on the phone or via email.
More intensive training will be provided to participants if required, as identified by the trainer/assessor (this may include off-the-job training).
Participants on the job performance is discussed with the coach/supervisor (through the use of the Participant Assessment Record) forming the Third Party Report.
Verbal and written instructions will be given to all participants prior to assessment. Ask your trainer/assessor for additional support if there are particular cultural and language needs.
Alternative assessment methods are available – these are outlined in the Participant Assessment Record
The assessment report is discussed with participant providing feedback on the outcomes of assessment and guidance on future options. Participant receives a copy of the final assessment report.
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GUIDE TO ASSESSMENT
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Summary of Evidence Sources
ASSESSMENT
ON-THE-JOB OFF-THE-JOB Elements / Performance Criteria
Demonstration / Simulation
Oral Questions
Direct Observation
Third Party Report
Written Activites
Case Studies /Projects
Workplace documents
Diary / Journal
Other
1.1 1.2 1.3
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
4.1 4.2
5.1 5.2 5.3
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7
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GUIDE TO ASSESSMENT
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Assessment Plan
Verbal and written instructions will be given to all participants prior to assessment. Ask your trainer for additional support if there are particular cultural, language, literacy or numeracy needs. Assessment
Type Assessment
Task Brief description of
Task Resources
required Date of
Assessment 1 Written
Assessment Knowledge-based assessment.
Directed activities/written questions in the Learning Guide and Guide to Assessment.
Learning Guide.
2 Observation Apply Infection control practices, policies and procedures in the workplace.
Direct observation of skills/performance in workplace or simulated environment relating to infection control practices.
Workplace.
Organisation policies/procedures.
Assessment Tool.
3 Questioning Oral questions.
These questions will accompany observation of workplace tasks relating to infection control practices in the workplace.
Organisation policies/procedures.
Assessment Tool.
4 Third Party Report
Workplace performance.
Assessor determines work performance of participant through consultation with supervisor.
Participants Record Book.
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WRITTEN ACTIVITIES
HLTIN301C © Health Training Australia (Inc) ISBN: 978-0-9872687-9-2
6. SPILLS Fill in the table below giving examples of four different spills that you would encounter in the workplace and how you would manage each situation: 1. Type of spill (e.g. product name, fluid or powder or granule). 2. Its location (e.g. patient room, central corridor, operating theatre). 3. Type of surface to be cleaned (e.g. tiled floor, carpet, a Laminex surface). 4. Degree of infection control risk (LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH). 5. Type of equipment you would use for the task (includes cleaning and safety equipment). 6. Who to inform of infection risks and how you inform them (e.g. Ward Co-ordinator, Support Services Supervisor, and Infection Control
Nurse).
Type of spill
Location
Surface
Degree of risk
Equipment needed for the
task
Inform Who? How informed?
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