hltin301a comply with infection control policies and procedures in health work
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HLTIN301AHLTIN301A
Comply with infection control Comply with infection control
policies and procedures in health workpolicies and procedures in health work
What is infection?What is infection?
An illness caused by the spread of micro-An illness caused by the spread of micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi or organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites) to humans from other humans, parasites) to humans from other humans, animals or the environmentanimals or the environment
What is infection?What is infection? There are many terms used to describe There are many terms used to describe
infectious organisms. These include:infectious organisms. These include: ‘‘Bugs’Bugs’ GermsGerms BacteriaBacteria VirusesViruses PathogensPathogens Micro-organismsMicro-organisms FungiFungi ParasitesParasites
Chain of InfectionChain of Infection
Source
Method of transmission
Susceptible host
Exit point
Entry point
Microorganism
How is infection spread?How is infection spread? Infection is spread by a chain of events. A Infection is spread by a chain of events. A
chain of infection involves having the chain of infection involves having the following parts:following parts:1.1. CauseCause
2. Source2. Source
3. Exit3. Exit
4. Method of transmission4. Method of transmission
5. Entry5. Entry
6. Susceptible host6. Susceptible host
How is infection spread?How is infection spread?
11. Cause. Cause – having micro-organisms present – having micro-organisms present2. Source2. Source * Sick people, people who have been exposed to an * Sick people, people who have been exposed to an
infectious agent, but not infectedinfectious agent, but not infected• FoodFood• EquipmentEquipment• WaterWater 3. Exit3. Exit • body fluidsbody fluids• skin contactskin contact• DropletsDroplets• excretions and secretionsexcretions and secretions
HowHow is infection spread? Continued… is infection spread? Continued…
44. Method of Transmission . Method of Transmission –– Direct contact -from one person to anotherDirect contact -from one person to another
Indirect contact - * from surfacesIndirect contact - * from surfaces• ingestion of contaminated food or wateringestion of contaminated food or water• through the air as an airborne particlethrough the air as an airborne particle• via an animal or insectvia an animal or insect
How is infection spread? Continued…How is infection spread? Continued…
5. Entry 5. Entry - cuts or breaks in the skin- cuts or breaks in the skin• Particles entering a normally sterile cavity Particles entering a normally sterile cavity
eg: a cathetereg: a catheter• breaks in the mucous membranebreaks in the mucous membrane• the gastro intestinal tractthe gastro intestinal tract• respiratory tractrespiratory tract
How is infection spread? Continued…How is infection spread? Continued…
6. Susceptible host 6. Susceptible host – elderly– elderly• ImmobileImmobile• Very ill eg: cancer, diabetes or other chronic Very ill eg: cancer, diabetes or other chronic
diseasedisease• using immunosuppressant treatmentsusing immunosuppressant treatments• Anyone who has a combination of the aboveAnyone who has a combination of the above
SourcePeople, Food,
Equipment, Water
Method of transmissionAirborne, direct contact, ingestion, surfaces – objects, benches
Susceptible hostAged, immobile, immuno-suppresant
Exit pointBody fluid, skin, droplets
Entry pointBroken skin, wounds, respiratory, urinary
tracts
Micro-organismBacteria Fungi Viruses
Hand washing, sterilizing, disinfecting, cleaning, immunisation
PPE, Hand washing waste disposal control body fluid
Food handling, sterilization, airflow control, hand washing
Wound care, catheter care, hand washing
Recognise high risk patients, treat diseases,
Identify micro-organisms
BREAKING
THE CHAIN OF INFECTION
How is infection transmitted?How is infection transmitted?
There are 4 main ways that infection can be There are 4 main ways that infection can be transmitted:transmitted: Direct/Indirect contactDirect/Indirect contact (person to person or via (person to person or via
third person/environment)third person/environment)
AirborneAirborne (fine spray is coughed in the air, travel (fine spray is coughed in the air, travel more than 1 metre) / Droplet (large respiratory more than 1 metre) / Droplet (large respiratory droplets, less than 1 metre)droplets, less than 1 metre)
VehicleVehicle – (food/water etc.) – (food/water etc.)
Vector Vector (living animals/insects)(living animals/insects)
Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions
are defined as the basic work practices are defined as the basic work practices required to provide a minimum level of required to provide a minimum level of infection control. They infection control. They are recommended are recommended for the treatment and care of all clientsfor the treatment and care of all clients regardless of the clients’ diagnosis or regardless of the clients’ diagnosis or presumed infectious status. presumed infectious status.
Why would this be so?? Activity Question.Why would this be so?? Activity Question.
Standard Precautions. Standard Precautions. Continued…Continued…
Work practices that are used in all Work practices that are used in all circumstances to achieve a basic level of circumstances to achieve a basic level of infection control infection control
They are aimed at reducing the spread of They are aimed at reducing the spread of infectionsinfections
They apply to all clients regardless of They apply to all clients regardless of known infectious statusknown infectious status
They are aimed to protect the Health Care They are aimed to protect the Health Care Worker as well as the client.Worker as well as the client.
Standard Precautions. Standard Precautions. Continued…Continued…
Used for all clients, regardless of infectious Used for all clients, regardless of infectious statusstatus
Used when risk of exposure to blood or body Used when risk of exposure to blood or body fluidsfluids Blood (including dried blood)Blood (including dried blood) All other body fluids, secretions & All other body fluids, secretions &
excretions excretions Open wounds/broken skinOpen wounds/broken skin Mucous membranesMucous membranes
Standard Precautions. Standard Precautions. Continued…Continued…
Apply to –Apply to –
Hand hygieneHand hygiene
Personal protective equipment (PPE)Personal protective equipment (PPE)
ImmunisationImmunisation
Aseptic technique for wound careAseptic technique for wound care
Safe handling of sharpsSafe handling of sharps
Standard Precautions. Standard Precautions. Continued…Continued…
HAND HYGIENE HAND HYGIENE
Is the most important Is the most important
precaution to precaution to
prevent the prevent the
transmission of transmission of
infectioninfection
Additional PrecautionsAdditional Precautions
Are used in ADDITION to Standard Are used in ADDITION to Standard Precautions.Precautions.
They are used when Standard Precautions They are used when Standard Precautions are not enough to prevent transmissionare not enough to prevent transmission
of organisms.of organisms.
They are work practices that interrupt the They are work practices that interrupt the spread of a known infection eg: spread of a known infection eg: gastroenteritisgastroenteritis
Additional Precautions. Additional Precautions. Continued…Continued…
Address the different ways in which Address the different ways in which organisms are transmitted:organisms are transmitted:
AirborneAirborne Droplet Droplet Direct / Indirect Contact Direct / Indirect Contact
Risk ManagementRisk Management
Look after your own safetyLook after your own safety Do not place others at risk. You must Do not place others at risk. You must
report & document any outbreaks or report & document any outbreaks or suspicions of outbreaksuspicions of outbreak
Use PPE and clothingUse PPE and clothing Comply with policies, procedures, Comply with policies, procedures,
instructions, practices and legislative instructions, practices and legislative requirements of the organisationrequirements of the organisation
Privacy & ConfidentialityPrivacy & Confidentiality Principles guide the:Principles guide the: CollectionCollection Use & disclosure – Use & disclosure – only disclose necessary & relevant info.only disclose necessary & relevant info.
Storage & qualityStorage & quality Transfer of personal informationTransfer of personal information
LegislationLegislation & Standards & Standards
South Australian legislationSouth Australian legislation National legislationNational legislation Australian & New Zealand StandardsAustralian & New Zealand Standards
Accreditation & Infection Accreditation & Infection ControlControl
It is essential to ensure that you check, It is essential to ensure that you check, follow and abide by the procedures set out follow and abide by the procedures set out in your organisations policies and in your organisations policies and procedures in relation to infection controlprocedures in relation to infection control
Standard 4.7 – “an effective infection Standard 4.7 – “an effective infection control program” control program”
Implications for care provided, eg: Implications for care provided, eg: handwashing, use of PPE, etchandwashing, use of PPE, etc
LOGBOOK activity. LOGBOOK activity.
ConclusionConclusion
Remember privacy and Remember privacy and confidentialityconfidentiality
LegislationLegislation Policies and ProceduresPolicies and Procedures Personal protective equipmentPersonal protective equipment HAND HYGIENEHAND HYGIENE
ConclusionConclusion
Principles of infection control apply in Principles of infection control apply in all settingsall settings
Standard Precautions should be Standard Precautions should be applied to all work practicesapplied to all work practices
Additional precautions apply when Additional precautions apply when preventing the transmission of preventing the transmission of known infectionsknown infections