hla 6222web
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/27/2019 HLA 6222web
1/7
Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Oklahoma State University
HLA-6222
David A. HillockExtension Consumer Horticulturist
B. Dean McCrawExtension Tree Fruit and Pecan Specialist
A home ruit planting careully selected, properly located,
and well managed can enhance the home landscape, provide
highquality ruits and serve as a satisying hobby.
The home ruit garden requires considerable care. Thus,
people not willing or able to devote some time to a ruit planting
will be disappointed in its harvest.
Some ruits require more care than others do. Tree ruitsand grapes usually require more protection rom insects
and diseases than strawberries and blackberries. Generally
speaking, owers and ruits o ruit trees must be protected
by pesticide sprays rom beore blossomtime until harvest. In
addition, sprays may be required to protect leaves, the trunk,
and branches.
Small ruits are perhaps the most desirable o all ruits in
the home garden since they come into bearing in a shorter
time and usually require ew or no insecticide or ungicide
sprays.
Fresh ruits can be available throughout the growing sea
son with proper selection o types and cultivars (varieties).
Soils and SitesAvoid poorly drained areas. Deep, sandy loam soils, rang
ing rom sandy clay loams to coarse sands or gravel mixtures,
are good ruit soils. On heavier soils, plant in raised beds or
on soil berms to improve drainage.
All ruit crops are subject to damage rom late spring
reezes. Hills, slopes or elevated areas provide better air drain
age and reduce rost damages. Make certain that the air can
move reely throughout the planting site and is not boxed in
with surrounding terrain or tree borders.
Heat rom houses, actories, and other structures in urban
areas requently keep the temperature 4 or 5 degrees warmer
than surrounding rural areas.
Fruits do best in ull sun. They can tolerate partial shade,but ruit quality will be lowered.
Size of Planting AreaPlan the planting to ft the area involved as well as amily
needs. A smaller planting, well cared or, will usually return
more quality ruit and enjoyment to the grower than a larger
neglected one. Onehal acre or less planted to adapted
cultivars o the best kinds o ruit is usually adequate or the
average amily.
Home Fruit Planting Guide
Plan Your PlantingDevelop a planting plan well in advance o the planting
season. Determine the kinds o ruits, cultivars, and quanti
ties o each needed. Locate a source o plants and make
arrangements or plants to be available at the desired time
o planting.
Perennial weeds such as bermudagrass and johnsongrasscompete heavily with young plantings and should be elimi
nated beore planting. This can be done by spraying with a
postemergence herbicide such as glyphosate (Roundup) in
late summer the year beore planting or by shading out weeds
by growing hybrid sudangrass or the year prior to planting.
Strawberries especially should not be planted in newly
turned under bermudagrass sod. Not only will the bermu
dagrass regrow and cause extreme competition problems
because o the short height o the strawberry plants, but the
white grubs that requently inest bermudagrass sod can
destroy the strawberry roots.
For best survival and production, supplemental water
should be provided in the summer. Locate your plantings
near a water source.
PlantingI possible, set the plants immediately ater arrival. I
roots are dry, completely immerse the roots in water or a
ew minutes or overnight beore planting. Always water plants
immediately ater planting.
Never allow the roots to dry out or reeze. When planting
is delayed several days, heel in trees by orming a mound
o loose soil or mulching material. Place the roots into this
mound, cover them, and moisten. The trees may be vertical
or horizontal as long as the roots are covered. This protects
them rom drying or reezing.
Set trees about the same depth that they grew in thenursery row. Trim o broken and dried roots. Place topsoil
around the roots and frm the soil to exclude air. Settle the
soil with water and make sure the roots are let in a natural
outward position. Leave a small basin one or two inches deep
around the tree to aid in watering. Prune back about onethird
o the tree top. Wrap the trunk rom the soil line up to the
frst branches (or 18 inches above the ground) to protect the
trunk rom sunscald, rodent injury, insect damage, and drying
out.
Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheetsare also available on our website at:
http://osufacts.okstate.edu
Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service
-
7/27/2019 HLA 6222web
2/7
HLA-6222-2
Cultural PracticesDuring the frst summer, cultivate or mulch around the ruit
plants to reduce competition rom other plants and to conserve
moisture and ertility. Irrigation is especially important in the
frst ew years while the planting becomes established.
Inormation on pruning, spraying, and other cultural
practices is available at your local county Extension ofce.
PollinationPay close attention to the pollination requirements o thedierent ruits to avoid disappointment. Many ruits require that
the ower is pollinated with pollen rom a dierent cultivar o
the same ruit or the ruit will not develop. Planting only one
cultivar o these ruits oten results in masses o blooms in
the spring, but ew or no ruits. Dierent strains o the same
cultivar (e.g. two spur strains o Delicious) will not provide
proper crosspollination.
There are a ew cultivars o apple and pear that do not
produce viable pollen. I one o these cultivars is planted, two
other cultivars will need to be planted (a total o 3) to provide
adequate pollen or all. Sometimes some apple cultivars are
listed as selertile in nursery catalogs, but or consistent pro
duction o the best quality ruit, crosspollination with anothercultivar should always be provided.
Duke cherries are hybrids between sweet and sour
cherries. They can be crosspollinated by either sweet or
sour cherries, but Duke cherries should not be counted on
to crosspollinate sweet cherries.
All ruits in the accompanying table that are not marked
as requiring crosspollination are selertile, meaning that a
cultivar o those ruits can set ruit with its own pollen.
Highbush blueberries will set much better crops i crosspol
lination is provided. Rabbiteye blueberries require crosspol
lination. Highbush and rabbiteye blueberries will not pollinate
each other.
Dwarf TreesDwarfng rootstocks enable ruit trees to be grown in much
smaller areas than standardsized trees. The term dwarfng
reers to a tree smaller than when grown on seedling root
stocks, even i only 10 to 15 percent smaller. The degree o
dwarfng varies with the rootstock. In general, semivigorous
rootstocks will produce a tree about 3/4 the size o a standard
tree, semidwar about 1/2 sized, and ully dwarfng rootstocks
produce trees 1/3 o standard size or smaller.
Genetic dwar ruit trees are available but generally are not
satisactory. North Star sour cherry is an exception.
Types of FruitAppIesM.9and M.27 rootstocks produce ully dwared trees
(68' tall and 46' tall respectively). Both produce shallow, weak
root systems and require staking or trellising, and regular wa
tering. Dozens o other sizereducing apple rootstocks exist,
but the best or Oklahoma is MM.111. MM.111 will produce
a tree that is 25 percent smaller than on seedling rootstock,
but very well anchored and drought resistant.
Interstem trees, with a MM.111 root system, 8 to 10 inches
o trunk o M.9 or M.26 and with the ruiting cultivar grated
on top combine the anchorage o the MM.111 with the dwar
ing o M.9 or M.26 to produce a tree 8 to 10 eet tall that will
not need support. Interstem trees are more costly and less
available than single grat trees.
Spurtype strains o apple cultivars have more spurs
and ewer long branches than the nonspur strains. They are
smaller growing and preerred where available.
PearQuince is the standard dwarfng rootstock or pears,
but will require support. Quince rootstocks are less cold hardy
than pear, and are very susceptible to freblight. Quince C is
the most dwarfng, producing a 1/4 to 1/3 size tree. A newseries o pear rootstocks, the OHXF series (rom a cross
between Old Home and Farmingdale), is entering the
nursery trade, and oers a variety o tree sizes rom 1/4 to
3/4 standard size.
Pears are very susceptible to the bacterial disease, fre
blight. Only cultivars with known resistance to this disease
should be planted. Even with blight resistant cultivars, pruning
out inected shoots 1218 inches below the inection as soon
as they appear will be necessary to prevent disease buildup.
Pruning shears should be sterilized between cuts. More inor
mation on fre blight control is available at your local county
Extension ofce. The Magness cultivar should be planted
with two additional cultivars since it does not produce viable
pollen.
PeachThere are no satisactory dwarfng rootstocks or
peach at present; however, Halord or Lovell are good
choices. Many nurseries use Prunus besseyi seedlings, but
oten there is delayed grat incompatibility and tree death. Tree
height on peaches can be kept to 68' by judicious annual
pruning. Welldrained, deep, opentype soils o reasonable
ertility are preerred. A spray program or insects and diseases
beginning with a dormant application and continuing through
ruit growth is required to produce clean ruit. Peach tree borer
control is a necessity.
PlumThere are no satisactory dwarfng rootstocks at pres
ent or plums. General cultural requirements are similar topeaches. The Japanese plums bloom earlier than the Euro
pean types and are more subject to late spring rost damage.
European and Japanese plums should not be depended upon
to pollinate each other.
CherryThere are no satisactory dwarfng rootstocks at
present or cherries. Many sweet cherries are not adapted
to a hot, dry climate. Cherry lea spot, plum curculio and
poorly drained soils are the major obstacles to successul
cherry production in Oklahoma. The diseases and insects
can be controlled successully with a series o sprays. Sour
cherries are generally better adapted than sweet cherries.
Sweet cherries in general require crosspollination; but two
cultivars, Stella and Lapins, are selertile.
ApricotThereare no satisactory dwarfng rootstocks at
present or apricot. Apricots bloom early and are usually
killed by late spring rosts. The tree is very ornamental when
in bloom, and treeripened apricots are delicious, but do not
expect consistent production.
StrawberryStrawberry roots are usually ound in the 12
to 18 inch top layer o the soil. Most o the root system is in
the frst 6 to 8 inches o soil. This stresses the importance o
-
7/27/2019 HLA 6222web
3/7
HLA-6222-3
supplemental irrigation and mulching or this crop. For continued
good production, strawberry plantings should be renovated
each year ater harvest. Purchase virustested plants only. A
production o one to two quarts o berries per three oot sec
tion o row should be possible each year.
BlueberriesBlueberries require a soil pH o 5.0 to 5.2.
Highbush blueberries are best adapted to northeastern
Oklahoma. They will do best when protected rom hot, drying
winds. Rabbiteye blueberries are best adapted to southeasternOklahoma. Highbush blueberries must have supplemental
irrigation and mulch o woodchips, sawdust or pecan shells
to survive. Rabbiteye blueberries also need irrigation and will
beneft rom mulch.
RaspberriesRaspberries,generally, are not too productive
because o the uctuating temperatures during winter. Black
raspberries, i well watered and mulched, can be success
ul.
BlackberriesErect thorny blackberries are the most com
monly grown and do not require trellis support. Care must be
taken to maintain the rows no more than one to two eet wide
to acilitate harvesting. Sucker plants that come up between the
rows may be dug and moved into the row or merely removed
as soon as they emerge.
Trailing thornless blackberries have smooth, arching
canes, and require support on a trellis. Fruit quality is improved
i the ruit are allowed to ripen to a dull black rather than a
glossy black color.
GrapesGrapevines will require support on a trellis, arboror ence. Planting in northsouth rows will increase produc
tion. Some protection rom southwestern winds is desirable.
Occasional supplemental watering during the ruit ripening
period will improve ruit quality. Annual pruning is necessary to
maintain a balance between plant growth and ruit production.
It is common to remove 95 percent o the previous seasons
growth when pruning.
PersimmonOriental persimmon trees will bear ruit without
pollination. Oriental and American persimmon trees will not
crosspollinate. Oriental persimmons may not be winter hardy
in northern parts o Oklahoma.
-
7/27/2019 HLA 6222web
4/7
HLA-6222-4
OKLAHOMA
HOMEFRUITPLANTINGG
UIDE
SeasonofHarvest
Suggested
Suggested
CentralOklahoma
PlantingDistance
Kind
Varieties***
oradaptedareas
Remarks
InFeet
WhattoBuy
When
toPlant
APPLES
*Lodi
June25July6
Yellow,sot,cookingonly.
Standard25to30
or
Oneyearold
Fall
*McLemore
July10July25
Red,
dess
ertandcooking
SemiStandard18to25
trees
orSpring
*Gala
Aug1020
Orangere
d,
dessertonly.
or
*Jonathan
Aug25Sept10
Red,
dess
ert&cooking.
Semidwar15to20
Verysusceptibletofreblight
SpurTypes1
5to22
andcedar
applerust.
or
*Delicious(re
d)
Sept110
Red,
dess
ertonly.
Liberty
Sept110
Red,
dess
ertandcooking
verydisea
setolerant
Freedom
Sept110
Red,
dess
ertandcooking
verydisea
setolerant
ArkansasBlack
Sept1020
Purplishredwithyellowesh,
dessertan
dcooking,
tolerantto
cedarapplerust
*GoldenDelicious
Sept1020
Yellow,
de
ssert&cooking.
Dwar8to14
Welladapted.
*Braeburn
Sept1020
Orange/re
dblushoveryellow,
dessertan
dcooking
*Fuji
Sept1020
Yellow,
de
ssertandcooking
PEACHES
Candor
June1824
Yellow,semicling
20x20
Junebudtrees
Fall
Sentinel
June28July3
Yellow,
re
estone
romthesouth
orSpring
Redhaven
July27
Yellow,
re
estone
ordormantbud
Reliance
July49
Yellow,
re
estone
(oneyr.)trees
Ranger
July813
Yellow,
re
estone
romthenorth
Glohaven
July1520
Yellow,
re
estone
Nectar
July1520
Yellow,
re
estone
Jayhaven
July2127
Yellow,
re
estone
Cresthaven
July28Aug3
Yellow,
re
estone
Autumnglo
Aug610
Yellow,
re
estone
QuachitaGo
ld
Aug1317
Yellow,
re
estone
WhiteHale
Aug1317
Yellow,
re
estone
StarksEnco
re
Aug2025
Yellow,
re
estone
Fairtime
Sept1320
Yellow,
re
estone
NECTARINES
EarliBlaze
July39
Yellow,semireestone
20x20
Junebudtrees
Fall
Redchie
July1520
White,
reestone
romthesouth
orSpring
Cavalier
July2127
Yellow,
re
estone
ordormantbud
Sunglo
July27Aug2
Yellow,
re
estone
(oneyr.)trees
RedGold
Aug611
Yellow,
re
estone
romthenorth
-
7/27/2019 HLA 6222web
5/7
HLA-
PLUMS
(European)
Stanley
Aug.
20Sept.10
Apruneplum,selruitul
20x20
Oneyearold
Fall
*Bluere
Sept115
StanleyxPresidentcross
trees
orSpring
*President
Sept1020
Large,
late
ripening
(Japanese)
*Methley
June1525
Redesh,
partlyselruitul
20x20
Oneyearold
Fall
Bruce
June1525
Veryprodu
ctive,selruitul
trees
orSpring
*OzarkPremier
Aug.
1020
Large,yellowesh
CHERRIES
EarlyRichmond
May20June1
Thestandardosouror
20x20
Oneortwo
Fall
piecherry,
veryconsistent
yearoldtrees
orSpring
*KansasSwe
et
May22June5
Dukecherry(semisweet)
Montmorenc
y
June315
Thestandardosourorpiecherry,
veryconsistent
Northstar
June520
Sourorpie
Meteor
June520
Sourorpie
(resistanttoleaspot)
Stella
June520
Sweet(selertile)
APRICOTS
Tilton
June25July5
Commercialproduction
20x20
Oneyearold
Fallor
Spring
shouldnot
beattempted
trees
PEARS
*Moonglow
Aug10Aug25
Fireblightresistant
25x25
Oneyear
Fall
*Maxine
Aug25Sept5
Fireblightresistant
oldtrees
orSpring
**Magness
Sept5Sept15
Fireblightresistant
STRAWBERRIES
Earliglow
May5June5
Incorporateorganicmatter
2x4
Oneyear
Fall
Sunrise
May5June5
aheadop
lantingstrawberries;
oldplants
orSpring
Atlas
May10June10
selectvirusindexedplants
Allstar
May10June10
Cardinal
May10June10
Delite
May15June15
Marlate
May15June15
BLACKBERRIES
(Erect)Choctaw
July110
Veryswee
t
3x8
Oneyearold
Fallor
Womack
July110
Veryswee
t
rootcuttings
earlyspring
Cheyenne
July1030
Largevery
sweet
Cherokee
July1030
Mediumla
rge,verysweet
Shawnee
July1030
Latestripe
ning,
highyields
Brazos
July1030
Goodavo
r.SouthernOklahomaonly.
(ErectThornless)Navaho
July20Aug5
Sweet
3x8
Oneyearold
Fallor
Spring
Arapaho
July20Aug5
Sweet
3x8
rootcuttings
(Trailing)Boysen
July1030
Trellisoro
thersupport
8x12
Tiplayers
EarlyS
pring
Young
July120
required
(TrailingThornless)Hull
July20Aug5
Trellisoro
thersupportrequired6x10
Oneyearold
Fallor
Spring
Chester
July20Aug5
Trellisoro
thersupportrequired
plants
-
7/27/2019 HLA 6222web
6/7
HLA-6222-6
GRAPES
Venus
July15
Red,
table
seedless
(Bunch)
Aurora(S5279)
Aug1
White,win
etype
8x10
Oneortwo
Spring
SeyvalBlanc
(SV5276)
Aug8
White,win
etype
VillardBlanc
(SV12375)
Aug18
White,win
etype
Rougeon(S
58908)
Aug10
Blue,wine
andjuice
Delaware
Aug15
Red,wine
andtable
Catawba
Sept1
Red,wine
andtable
Verdelet(S9110)
Aug10
White,
tab
le
J.S.
16104
Aug1
Red,
table
Romulus
Aug20
White,
tab
leseedless
Himrod
Aug15
White,see
dless
Fredonia
Aug8
Blue,
table
andjuice
Niagara
Aug20
White.
tab
leandjuice
Carman
Aug22
Blue,
juice
,orsouthwestOkla.
Saturn
Aug15
Red,
table
seedless
Reliance
Aug15
Red,
juice
,jam,seedless
Mars
Aug15
Blue,
table
,juice,
jam,wine,seedless
(Muscadine)
AdaptedorMcCurtainandChoctaw
14x10
Oneyear
Fallor
Spring
countiesonly.
Varietyinormationavailable
oldvines
uponrequest.
BLUEBERRIES
*(highbush)
Collins
June5June19
Soilmustbequiteacid
4x6
12'to18'well
Early
Spartan
June7June21
(pH5.0
).M
ayrequire
rootedplants
Spring
Blueray
June12June28
sulurtochange
Bluecrop
June15July1
*(Rabbiteye)
Premier
July5July19
Climax
July10July30
Tiblue
July20Aug3
PERSIMMON
(American)EarlyGolden
September
Forpollina
tion,amaletree
15to18
Oneortwo
Spring
(pollenbearing)shouldbeincluded
yearoldtrees
intheplan
tingorgratamale
branchintoaemaletree
(Oriental)Huchiya
November
Nonastrin
gentwhenullyripe
12to15
Oneortwo
Spring
Fuyugaki
November
Nonastrin
gent
yearoldtrees
Tamopan
November
Astringent
Tanenashi
November
Astringent
FIG
Ramsey(Texas
Julytorost
Formilder
southerncounties;
8to10
Oneyearold
Spring
Everbearing
)
havebeen
growninprotected
trees
BrownTurke
y
Aug.
torost
areasoT
ulsaandOkla.
City
JUJUBE
(ChineseDate)Lang
September
Usedass
weetpickles,preserves,
18to20
Oneortwo
Fall
Li
September
driedconectionsandruitbutter
yearoldtrees
orSpring
CRABAPPLES
Florence
August
Jellyandspice
20to25
Oneortwo
Fall
Dolgo
August
Jellyandspice
yearoldtrees
orSpring
*Needscrosspollinator.Thosecultivars
notmarkedwithanasteriskareselertile.
**Pollensterile
***Spacedoesnotpermitlistingoothersatisactoryvarieties.
OSUExtensionF6210containsadditionalrecommendedappleandpeachvarieties.
-
7/27/2019 HLA 6222web
7/7
HLA-6222-7
The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service
Bringing the University to You!
It provides practical, problemoriented education
or people o all ages. It is designated to takethe knowledge o the university to those persons
who do not or cannot participate in the ormalclassroom instruction o the university.
It utilizes research rom university, government,and other sources to help people make their owndecisions.
More than a million volunteers help multiply theimpact o the Extension proessional sta.
It dispenses no unds to the public.
It is not a regulatory agency, but it does inormpeople o regulations and o their options in meet
ing them.
Local programs are developed and carried out in
ull recognition o national problems and goals.
The Extension sta educates people through
personal contacts, meetings, demonstrations,and the mass media.
Extension has the builtin exibility to adjust itsprograms and subject matter to meet new needs.
Activities shit rom year to year as citizen groupsand Extension workers close to the problems
advise changes.
The Cooperative Extension Service is the largest,
most successul inormal educational organizationin the world. It is a nationwide system unded and
guided by a partnership o ederal, state, and localgovernments that delivers inormation to help peoplehelp themselves through the landgrant university
system.
Extension carries out programs in the broad catego
ries o agriculture, natural resources and environment;amily and consumer sciences; 4H and other youth;
and community resource development. Extensionsta members live and work among the people they
serve to help stimulate and educate Americans toplan ahead and cope with their problems.
Some characteristics o the Cooperative Extension
system are:
The ederal, state, and local governmentscooperatively share in its fnancial support and
program direction.
It is administered by the landgrant university as
designated by the state legislature through anExtension director.
Extension programs are nonpolitical, objective,and researchbased inormation.
Oklahoma State University, in compliance with Title VI and VII o the Civil Rights Act o 1964, Executive Order 11246 as amended, Title IX o the Education Amendments o 1972, Americanswith Disabilities Act o 1990, and other ederal laws and regulations, does not discriminate on the basis o race, color, national origin, gender, age, religion, disability, or status as a veteran inany o its policies, practices, or procedures. This includes but is not limited to admissions, employment, fnancial aid, and educational services.
Issued in urtherance o Cooperative Extension work, acts o May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department o Agriculture, Robert E. Whitson, Director o CooperativeExtension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. This publication is printed and issued by Oklahoma State University as authorized by the Vice President, Dean, and Directoro the Division o Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources and has been prepared and distributed at a cost o 20 cents per copy. 0307 GH.