HI TECH ARCHITECTURE

CONTENTS• INTRODUCTION• ARCHITECTS • BACKGROUND• ORIGIN• AIMS• CHARACTERISTICS• NORMEN FOSTER• HAFFEZ CONTRACTOR

INTRODUCTION• High-tech architecture, also known as Late

Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design.

• High-tech architecture appeared as a revamped modernism , an extension of those previous ideas helped by even more technological advances.

• This category serves as a bridge between modernism and post-modernism ; there remain gray areas as to where one category ends and the other begins. In the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-modern architecture. Some of its ideas were later absorbed into the style of Neo-Futurism art and architectural movement.

ARCHITECTS The style's premier practitioners include:• Colombian architect Bruce Graham • Bangladeshi architect Fazlur Rahman Khan for the

John Hancock Centre, Willis Tower and Onterie Center,

• British architects Sir Norman Foster,• Sir Richard Rogers, • Sir Michael Hopkins, • Italian architect Renzo Piano • Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava, known for

his organic, skeleton-like designs. • Indian architect Hafeez Contractor

BACKGROUND• Buildings in this architectural style were constructed mainly in

North America and Europe. • It is deeply connected with what is called the Second School of

Chicago which emerged after World War II. The main content is that the technological kind of construction, mostly with steel and glass, is expressed in a formal independent way to gain aesthetic qualities from it.

• The first proper example are the 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments by German architect Ludwig Mies van der

• The style got its name from the book High Tech: The Industrial Style and Source Book for The Home, written by design journalists Joan Kron and Suzanne Slesin and published in November 1978.

The book, illustrated with hundreds of photos, showed how designers, architects, and home owners were appropriating classic industrial objects—library shelving, chemical glass, metal deck plate, restaurant supply, etc found in industrial catalogues and putting these to use in residential settings

• Early high-tech buildings were referred to by historian Reyner Banham as "serviced sheds" due to their exposure of mechanical services in addition to the structure. Most of these early examples used exposed structural steel as their material of choice. As hollow structural sections had only become widely available in the early 1970s, high-tech architecture saw much experimentation with this material.

AIMS• High-tech architecture was, in some ways, a

response to growing disillusionment with modern architecture. The realization of Le Corbusier's urban development plans led to cities with monotonous and standardized buildings. Enthusiasm for economic building led to extremely low-quality finishes, with subsequent degradation countering a now-waning aesthetic novelty.

• For interior design there was a trend of using formerly industrial appliances as household objects, e.g. chemical beakers as vases for flowers. This was because of an aim to use an industrial aesthetic. This was assisted by the conversion of former industrial spaces into residential spaces. High-tech architecture aimed to give everything an industrial appearance.

• Another aspect to the aims of high-tech architecture was that of a renewed belief in the power of technology to improve the world. This is especially evident in Kenzo Tange's plans for technically sophisticated buildings in Japan's post-war boom in the 1960s, but few of these plans actually became buildings. High-tech architecture aimed to achieve a new industrial aesthetic, spurred on by the renewed faith in the progression of technology.

• But however prominent the industrial look appeared, the functional element of modern architecture was very much retained. The pieces still served a purpose in the building's function. The function of the building was also aimed as not being set. This dynamic property means that a building should be a "catalyst", the "technical services are provided but do not become set."

CHARACTERISTICS• Structure of high-tech architecture have varied

somewhat, yet all have accentuated technical elements. They included the prominent display of the building's technical and functional components, and an orderly arrangement and use of pre-fabricated elements. Glass walls and steel frames were also immensely popular.

• To boast technical features, they were externalized, often along with load-bearing structures. There can be no more illustrious example than Pompidou Centre. The ventilation ducts are all prominently shown on the outside. This was a radical design, as previous ventilation ducts would have been a component hidden on the inside of the building. The means of access to the building is also on the outside, with the large tube allowing visitors to enter the building.

• The orderly and logical fashion in which buildings in the high-tech architectural style are designed to keep to their functional essence is demonstrated in Norman Foster's Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank HQ Besides the technology being the overriding feature of the building, its design is very much functionally orientated. The large interior open space and the easy access to all floors enhance the function of being a bank. Also, the elements of the buildings are very neatly composed to achieve optimal orderliness in order to logically solve the problem of the needs of a bank. This can be seen in the levels' structure and in the escalators.

• The high-tech buildings make persistent use of glass curtain walls and steel structure. It is greatly indebted to modern architecture for this, and influenced by Mies van der Rohe's highrise buildings. Bruce Grahams Willis Towerdemonstrates that with glass walls and skeleton pipe structure of steel, a very tall building can be built. Many high-tech buildings meant their purposes to be dynamic. This could best be explained by Günther Behnisch and Frei Otto's Munich Olympic Stadium. This structure made sport in the open possible and is meant to be used for many purposes. Originally an abandoned airfield, it is now a sport stadium, used for various disciplines.

• Buildings designed in this style usually consist of a clear glass facade, with the building's network of support beams exposed behind it. Perhaps the most famous and easily recognized building built in this style is I.M. Pei's Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. The World Trade Center in New York City, although generally considered to be an International Style building, was technically a Structural Expressionist design due to its load-bearing steel frame.

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860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE-1949-1951

Chicago, IL, USA

Two iconic skyscrapers on the chicago skyline that redefined high rise living for the post-war generation.

A beautiful waterfront view of 26 story tower,288 apartments .

At the pedestrian level, the open plan creates a flow of natural green

Space amid the plaza.

Mies approached the triangular site by arranging the two apartment buildings at cross axis towards one another.

SITE PLANLAKE M

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860-880 Lake Shore Drive-1949-1951

On the entrance level, a horizontal roof is the sole connector between the two high-rise apartments towers and does not have any function other than to “mark the spirituality of this specific place.”ENTRANCE

COMMON MATERIALS WERE USED:• Steel-I beams were welded to mullions for aesthetics(according

to people)• Glass-used in windows(façade).

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860-880 Lake Shore Drive-1949-1951

FRAMEWORK OF APARTMENTS

• Renowned for their structural clarity and composition.

• Prior to this point, structure was hidden within architecture.

• Here, mies merged the two by exposing the steel, realizing his own words: "when technology reaches it true fulfillment, it transcends into architecture.“

Chicago Landmarks in 1996

Lake Point Tower (1968), by Shipporeit & Heinrich inspired by Mies' glass tower(unbuilt) of 1922.

ARIEL VIEW

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NOMAN FOSTER--“I DESIGN BUILDINGS IN THE HOPE THAT THEY TAKE FORWARD THE BOUNDARIES OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE OF EACH PARTICULAR BUILDING TYPE.

FAMOUS PROJECTSCONSTRUCTED UNDER CONSTRUCTION

• SWISS RE TOWERS,LONDON

• STANSTED AIRPORT,U.K

• HSBC,HEADQUARTERS• PETRONAS

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, BANDAR SERI IN ISKANDAR, MALAYSIA.

• GREEN DESERT UTOPIA IN ABU DHABI

• RUSSIA TOWER,MOSCOW,RUSSIA

• U2 TOWER --A PROPOSED LANDMARK SKYSCRAPER DUE TO BE CONSTRUCTED IN DUBLIN

SWISS RE TOWERS•The 590-foot- (180-meter-) high, 40-story, 76,400-square-meter Swiss Re Tower is said to be London's first environmental skyscraper.• Its aerodynamic, glazed shape minimizes wind loads and maximizes natural light and ventilation, reducing the building's energy consumption to 50 percent of that of a traditional large office building.• As a working environment, it offers unequalled views of the surrounding city.

BUILDING DETAILS• The external diagonal steel

structure uses triangular forms to be inherently strong, permitting a flexible column-free interior space.

• The building's height was made feasible by the use of a peripheral "diagrid," in which all the steel elements subtly interlock.

• The exterior cladding consists of approximately 5,500 flat triangular and diamond-shaped glass panels, which vary in size at each level

BUILDING DETAILS• The envelope at the

office areas consists of a double-glazed outer layer and a single-glazed inner screen that sandwich a central, ventilated cavity containing solar-control blinds.

• These cavities act as buffer zones to reduce the need for mechanical heating and cooling and are ventilated by exhaust air drawn from the offices

BUILDING DETAILS• The building provides

450,000 square feet (41,810 square meters) of net office space. At the edge of each floor plate is a spiral atrium, created by "twisting" each successive floor.

• This allows natural ventilation - although air-conditioning is also incorporated -by taking advantage of the large pressure differentials that draw air in through horizontal slots in the cladding.

21st floor plan

BUILDING DETAILS• "WINDOWS IN THE LIGHT WELL OPEN AUTOMATICALLY TO AUGMENT THE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM WITH NATURAL VENTILATION, AN OCCURRENCE ANTICIPATED TO SAVE ENERGY FOR UP TO 40% OF THE YEAR.

• THE FLOOR PLANS ARE SHAPED LIKE FLOWERS, WITH A CIRCULAR PERIMETER INDENTED BY 6 TRIANGULAR LIGHT COURTS. THE INDENTATIONS REMAIN A CONSTANT SIZE AT EACH LEVEL, WHILE THE SPACE BETWEEN THEM DIMINISHES.

• THE FLOOR PLAN IS ROTATED FOR EACH SUCCESSIVE FLOOR, CREATING A SERIES OF SPIRALING 5-STOREY ATRIA THAT STRETCH THE FULL HEIGHT OF THE BUILDING."

STANSTED AIRPORTLocation: London, England, UK.

Date: 1991

Building Type: Airport

Construction System: Steel Frame

SECTIONAL VIEW.

.SITE PLAN

• Stansted Airport is a large passenger airport with a single runway.

• Stansted is the fourth busiest airport in the UK after London Heathrow, London Gatwick and Manchester Airport.

• Stansted International Airport has one terminal.

• There are three boarding piers, one connected to the main terminal by a pedestrian bridge and the other two by a people mover system.

• The terminal facilities include a bureau de change, left luggage service, several shops and restaurants as well as internet access.

• Stansted has a railway station below the terminal building

TERMINAL

ATLANTA TERMINAL

•The layout of the airport is designed to provide an unobstructed flow for passengers to arrive at the short-stay car park, move through the check-in hall and on to the departure gates all on the same level

•The layout of the airport is designed to provide an unobstructed flow for passengers to arrive at the short-stay car park, move through the check-in hall and on to the departure gates all on the same level

• The base of each truss structure is a "utility pillar", which provides indirect up lighting illumination and is the location for air-conditioning and water, telecommunications, and electrical outlets

HSBC HEADQUARTERS HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION HEADQUARTERS

• LOCATION-HONGKONG,CHINA.• TIME- 1979-1985• Height-180 meters• BUILDING TYPE- COMMERCIAL

OFFICE.• AREA- 99000 SQ. MTRS.• MATERIALS-STEEL,

ALUMINIUM CLADING & PARTIONS, GLASS, STAIN STEEL FINISHES,MARBLE, STONE/CARPET RAISED FLOOR.

DETAILS-HSBC• The Site ,At The Head Of Statue

Square, Is One Of The Most Spectacular In Hongkong.

• The Main Characteristic Of Hsbc Hong Kong Headquarters Is Its Absence Of Internal Supporting Structure.

• Another Notable Feature Is That Natural Sunlight Is The Major Source Of Lighting Inside The Building .

• It Has Giant Mirrors At The Top Of The Atrium, Which Can Reflect Natural Sunlight Into The Atrium And Hence Down Into The Plaza.

• Additionally, Sun Shades Are Provided On The External Facades To Block Direct Sunlight Going Into The Building And To Reduce Heat Gain.

• Instead Of Fresh Water, Sea Water Is Used As Coolant For The Air-conditioning System.

• All flooring is made from lightweight movable panels, under which you can find a comprehensive network of power, telecommunication, and air-conditioning systems. Hence installation of equipment or computer terminals becomes far easier.

• Because of the urgency to finish the project, the construction of the building relied heavily on off-site prefabrication; components were manufactured all over the world. For example, the structural steel came from Britain; the glass, aluminum cladding and flooring came from the United States while the service modules came from Japan.

WEST ELEVATION

• THE EXTERIOR IS A VIGOROUSLY MODELLED COMBINATION OF ALUMINIUM-CLAD STRUCTURE AND TRANSPARENT PANELS TO EXPRESS THE RICH MIXTURE OF SPACES WITHIN.

PLAN OF CHAIRMAN’S APARTMENT WITH MAINTENANCE CRANES.

HAFEEZ CONTRACTOR:

KEY FEATURES:•Extensive use of glass on facedes

confirms to the high tech expression bussiness seek to achieve

•Never fixed plan •Have excess but nor always •Give stress on landscape terrace •He fix elements from various typology and

use them as a adorment for the exterior skin of the building

•He always create the corner of the buiding

WORKS:•Lake castle, Powai•Textile laboratory and research centre,

Mumbai•The aralias, Gurgaon•Bharti airtel building, Gurgaon

LAKE CASTLE, POWAI• Lake castle a residential

apartment building, nested in green surrounding of powai.

• the dominant feature is its massive scale. 183m linear length strikes you as an ocean ship going linear to the building multiple deck anchored on the bankes of powai lakes

• Tower block is surrounded by large garden and 8 acre forest park, all the flat faces the lake

Creating a step mass profile which compliment the hills in the back drop The building is almost like the mirror reflecting the densely layered profile of the city itselfArchitectural font is mean to symbolise the city silhouette that is made of varying shapes and size Lake is specially intresting beacause of a combination of POP aesthatic , with conventionalized classical stylistic.Egyptian motifes are used in the building facades like the treatment given to the column, the frizes and the details of the iron work .

•The crescent shape projecting balconies ,curved projection and Egyptian columns on the facades relieve the monotony into which building would have otherwise slipped .

• Large French windows are repetitive features on the facades. LAKE CASTLE, POWAI

•To mitigate the broadside effect of the cliff of the building ,it has been punctured with significant cut outs known as sky decks.

• further these the dramatic view of the sky though the buildings.

• The stepped profile and two huge cut outs further add to lighten the building. LAKE CASTLE, POWAI

TEXTILE LABORATORY AND RESEARCH CENTRE, MUMBAI • Situated in the busy locality of Prabhadevi, Mumbai, the Textile Laboratory And Research Institute is an intriguing piece of architecture, with metaphoric interpretations ranging from flowing fabrics to a spinning wheel (charkha). • The primary design idea was to reflect the powerful tradition and heritage of Indian textiles. • The institute is designed to accommodate research and administrative activities in one block and other activities in different blocks • The various activities are joint together through a central atrium • The atrium structure is in the essence a steel frame and it is in the form of a crown. It symbolises the charkha with eight spokes and the same is replicated on the floor.

• With the spokes in the form of black and grey granites place next to each other on the floor it gives a spinning effect to the charkha. The spokes have a thin aluminium wire running through the spokes, symbolising the thread. • The atrium symbolically depicts the ‘charkha’ that is rooted in India’s glorious textile heritage. The structure is basically a steel frame swathed in Teflon fabric. • Juxtaposing of wavy granite, aluminium and glass surfaces marks this 6 storey building block. • The wavy facade derives its inspiration from the imagery of flowing fabrics. • The material used with the contrasting and intrinsic textures colours goon to reflect the diverse range of Indian textiles. TEXTILE LABORATORY AND RESEARCH CENTRE, MUMBAI

THE ARALIAS, GURGAON Project type: housing, master planning project Location : sector 42, DLF city v, gurgoan. No of apartments : 252 Total Number of Storey: 18 Source:www.hafeezcontracter.com

•It includes 3 linear blocks that flank a well-landscaped garden. •The concept of large linear residential blocks creates a central recreational area for the entire complex. The linear design of the blocks also offers panoramic views of the landscaped grounds and the picturesque golf course to all the apartments. •Aralias, an upscale residential development is set opposite the DLF Golf Course in Gurgaon. •The mere enormity of these blocks set amidst the landscaped gardens creates a spectacular effect. The pale background of the exterior hues articulates the elegant appearance of a few fragments of glass. •The 250 flats in the residential complexes have areas ranging from 465 sq m apartments to 836 sq m penthouses. The apartments are endowed with picturesque views of the surrounds THE ARALIAS, GURGAON

BHARTI AIRTEL BUILDING, GURGAON CENTRAL ATRIUM WORKING SPACE PERIPHERAL CORES HUGE LANDSCAPED GARDENS AND THE BRAND INTENT • the façade houses an advanced energy-efficient reflective solar control glass designed to cut excessive heat while optimizing light transmission, thus reducing air-conditioning costs and the need for artificial lighting • Red and white stripes, the most catching feature of the building shows the brand intent with colors complimenting the airtel logo. • the façade also uses double glazing, for added effect and also provides insulation at the same time.

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SUBMITTED BY : KAVITA SIMRAN SNEHA SONIKA