history of psychology prologue, lecture 1 “psychology…is less a set of findings than a way of...
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History of History of PsychologyPsychology
Prologue, Lecture 1Prologue, Lecture 1
“Psychology…is less a set of findings than away of asking and answering questions.”
- David Myers
The Story of Psychology
In your notes:
1. Write five adjectives that describe a typical scientist.
2. Write five adjectives that describe a typical psychologist.
Psychology
With hopes of satisfying curiosity, many people listen to talk-radio counselors and
psychics to learn about others and themselves.
Dr. Crane (radio-shrink)
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Psychic (future gazing)
Psychology’s RootsAristotle (384-322 B.C.)
Aristotle, a naturalist and philosopher, theorized about psychology’s concepts. He suggested that the soul and body are not
separate (a monist) and that knowledge grows from experience.
http://fa
culty.w
ashington.edu
Psychological Science is Born
Wundt and psychology’s first graduate students
studied the “atoms of the mind” by conducting
experiments at Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. This work is
considered the birth of psychology as we know
it today.
Wu
nd
t (18
32
-19
20
)
An even earlier “psychology” experiment?
Psychological Science is Born
Founders of structuralism, an
early school of psychology that used
introspection to explore the structural elements of the human
mind.W
un
dt (1
83
2-1
920
)
Psychological Science is Born
American philosopher William James wrote an important 1890 psychology textbook. Mary
Calkins, James’s student, became the APA’s first female president.
Jam
es (1
84
2-1
91
0)
Mary C
alk
ins
Psychological Science is Born
James founded functionalism, which focused on how our mental and behavioral processes
function – how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Jam
es (1
84
2-1
91
0)
Mary C
alk
ins
Psychological Science is Born
Sigmund Freud, an Austrian physician, and his followers emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind and its effects on human
behavior.
Fre
ud
(18
56
-193
9)
Psychological Science is Born
Psychology originated in many disciplines and countries. It was, until the 1920s, defined as the
science of mental life. Wundt – German philosopher & physiologistJames – American philosopher
Pavlov – Russian physiologist
Freud – Austrian physician
Piaget – Swiss biologist
Psychological Science DevelopsBehaviorists
Watson and later Skinner emphasized the study of overt behavior as the subject
matter of scientific psychology.
Watso
n (1
87
8-1
95
8)
Skin
ner (1
904
-19
90
)
Psychological Science Develops
Humanistic Psychology
Maslow and Rogers emphasized current environmental influences on our growth
potential and our need for love and acceptance.
Masl
ow
(19
08
-19
70
)
Rog
ers
(1
90
2-1
98
7)
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Psychology Today
We define psychology today as the We define psychology today as the scientific study of behavior (what scientific study of behavior (what
we do) and mental processes we do) and mental processes (inner thoughts and feelings).(inner thoughts and feelings).
HomeworkAsk Yourself (AY) Questions:p.6, p.11 (10 pts)