History of Manufacturing

© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Overview

This presentation discusses:• The need for manufacturing• A brief history of manufacturing• Key figures in manufacturing• An example of the manufacturing process

Why Manufacture?

• Manufacturing accounts for 20% of the US gross domestic product

• Manufacturing employs 17% of the U.S. workforce1

1according to the National Science and Technology Council

Domestic Product Workforce

History of Manufacturing

Prior to 19th century– Artisans– Handmade products

History of Manufacturing

Prior to the 19th century– Eli Whitney

Photos courtesy of www.eliwhitney.org

History of Manufacturing

Early 1900s– Henry Ford

From Wiki

History of ManufacturingEarly 1900s

– Kiichiro Toyoda– Lean Manufacturing

Five areas drive lean manufacturing/production: – Cost– Quality– Delivery– Safety– Morale

History of Manufacturing

Mid 1900s– Jervis B. Webb Co. creates the first

electronically coordinated conveyor system

Photo courtesy of Jervis B. Webb Col.

Manufacturing Today

Automatic Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS)– Moves material vertically or horizontally between

storage compartment and transfer station or within a process

Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV)– Computer-controlled system using pallets to

transport work pieces to NC machine tools and other equipment in a flexible manufacturing system

Artificial Intelligence (AI)– Machines learn from experience– Knowledge used to problem solve

Manufacturing Today

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)

– Company-wide management philosophy for planning, integration, and implementation of automation

Manufacturing Enterprise Wheel1. Customer-centered2. People and teamwork3. Shared knowledge4. Key processes5. Resources and responsibilities6. Infrastructure

Photo Courtesy of Kettering Communications

Manufacturing Today

Kaizen– Japanese word for “improvement”– Based on continuous improvement by everyone

Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS)– Adapts efficiently to changing need– Possibly increase productivity by 50%

Manufacturing Today

Just In Time Manufacturing (JIT)– Objective is to eliminate waste– Capable of producing mixed products– Utilizes cross-trained workers

Toyota Production System (TPS)– Applied to automotive manufacturing– Competes with mass production– Employs lean production strategy

Lean Manufacturing– Systematic elimination of waste– Entire system must participate to

produce effectivity

Lean Manufacturing Video

Manufacturing Today

Six Sigma (6σ)– Indicates measure of quality for near

perfection– Produces fewer than 3.4 defects per million

opportunities– Identifies and corrects causes of defects– Utilizes the five “whys” to uncover root cause

6σ

Manufacturing Today

Rapid Prototyping– Prototype made directly from a computer model– Several technologies

• Stereolithography• 3D Printing• Selective Laser Sintering• Fused Deposition Modeling

Workcell– Manufacturing resources

arranged into a groupWork Envelope

– Range of motion of a robot or machine– Degrees of freedom are individual movements

ReferencesComputer and Automated Systems Association of the Society of

Manufacturing Engineers (3rd ed.). (1993). The new manufacturing enterprise wheel. Dearborn, Michigan: Author.

Elshennawy, A.K., & Schrader, G.F. (2000). Manufacturing processes and materials. Dearborn, MI: Society of Manufacturing Engineers.

Ford Motor Company. (n.d.) Ford Model T turns 100: Centennial celebrations underway for the historic icon. Retrieved from http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=27864

Kettering University. (n.d.) Industrial engineering laboratories. Retrieved December 18, 2007, from http://www.kettering.edu/futurestudents/undergraduate/industrialengineering_labs.jsp

Kiichiro Toyoda. (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiichiro_Toyoda

Microsoft Clip Art. (2009). Retrieved from www.microsoft.com

ReferencesRapid Prototyping. (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_PrototypingRobotWorx . (2009). Work envelope. Retrieved from

http://www.robots.com/faq.php?question=work+envelopeRufe, P.D. (Ed.). (2002). Fundamentals of manufacturing. Dearborn,

MI: Society of Manufacturing Engineers.Six Sigma Dictionary (2009). In iSixSigma. Retrieved from

http://www.isixsigma.com/dictionary/Work_Cell-128.htmToyoda, K. (2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved

from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kiichiro_Toyoda&oldid=168960586