IndiaIndia“Truth alone triumphs”

Present

5,000 year old ancient civilization5,000 year old ancient civilization 325 languages spoken – 1,652 dialects325 languages spoken – 1,652 dialects 18 official languages 18 official languages 29 states, 5 union territories29 states, 5 union territories 3.28 million sq. kilometers - Area3.28 million sq. kilometers - Area 7,516 kilometers - Coastline 7,516 kilometers - Coastline 1.3 Billion population.1.3 Billion population.

5600 dailies, 15000 weeklies and 20000 5600 dailies, 15000 weeklies and 20000 periodicals in 21 languages with a combined periodicals in 21 languages with a combined circulation of 142 million.circulation of 142 million.

GDP $576 Billion. (GDP rate 8%)GDP $576 Billion. (GDP rate 8%) Parliamentary form of GovernmentParliamentary form of Government

Worlds largest democracy.Worlds largest democracy. Worlds 4th largest economy.Worlds 4th largest economy. Largest railway network in the World Largest railway network in the World World-class recognition in IT, bio-World-class recognition in IT, bio-technology and space.technology and space. Largest English speaking nation in the Largest English speaking nation in the world.world. The only country with multiple languages The only country with multiple languages having world-wide recognition and speakinghaving world-wide recognition and speaking 33rdrd largest standing army force, over largest standing army force, over 1.5Million strong.1.5Million strong. 22ndnd largest pool of scientists and engineers largest pool of scientists and engineers in the World.in the World.

India: Technology Superpower Geneva-based STMicroelectronics

is one of the largest semiconductor companies to develop integrated circuits and software in India.

Texas Instruments was the first to open operations in Bangalore, followed by Motorola, Intel, Cadence Design Systems and several others.

80 of the World’s 117 SEI CMM Level-5 companies are based in India.

5 Indian companies recently received the globally acclaimed Deming prize. This prize is given to an organization for rigorous total quality management (TQM) practices.

15 of the world's major Automobile makers are obtaining components from Indian companies.

This business fetched India $1.5 Billion in 2003, and will reach $15 Billion by 2007.

New emerging industries areas include, Bio-Informatics, Bio-Technology, Genomics, Clinical Research and Trials.

World-renowned TQM expert Yasutoshi Washio predicts that Indian manufacturing quality will overtake that of Japan in 2013.

McKinsey believes India's revenues from the IT industry will reach $87 Billion by 2008.

Flextronics, the $14 billion global major in Electronic Manufacturing Services, has announced that it will make India a global competence centre for telecom software development.

India: Trade Tata Motors paid $ 118 million to buy

Daewoo commercial vehicle Company of Korea.

Ranbaxy, the largest Indian pharmaceutical company, gets 70% of its $1 billion revenue from overseas operations and 40% from USA.

Tata Tea has bought Tetley of UK for £260M.

India is one of the world's largest diamond cutting and polishing centres, its exports were worth $6 Billion in 1999.

About 9 out of 10 diamond stones sold anywhere in the world, pass through India.

Garment exports are expected to increase from the current level of $6 billion to $25 billion by 2010.

The country's foreign exchange reserves stand at an all-time high of $120 Billion.

India's trade with China grew by by 104% in 2002 and in the first 5 months of 2003, India has amassed a surplus in trade close to $0.5M.

Mobile phones are growing by about 1.5Million a month. Long distance rates are down by two-thirds in five years and by 80% for data transmission.

Wal-Mart sources $1 Billion worth of goods from India - half its apparel. Wal-Mart expects this to increase to $10 Billion in the next couple of years.

GAP sources about $600 million and Hilfiger $100 million worth of apparel from India.

India: Self-Reliance India is among six countries that launch

satellites and do so even for Germany, Belgium, South Korea, Singapore and EU countries.

India's INSAT is among the world's largest domestic satellite communication systems.

India’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) was indigenously manufactured with most of the components like motor cases, inter-stages, heat shield, cryogenic engine, electronic modules all manufactured by public and private Indian industry.

Kalpana Chawla was one of the seven astronauts in the Columbia space shuttle when it disintegrated over Texas skies just 16 minutes before its scheduled landing on Feb 1st 2003, she was the second Indian in space.

Back in 1968, India imported 9M tonnes of food-grains to support its people, through a grand programme of national self-sufficiency which started in 1971, today, it now has a food grain surplus stock of 60M.

India is among the 3 countries in the World that have built Supercomputers on their own. The other two countries being USA and Japan.

India built its own Supercomputer after the USA denied India purchasing a Cray computer back in 1987.

India’s new ‘PARAM Padma’ Terascale Supercomputer (1 Trillion processes per sec.) is also amongst only 4 nations in the world to have this capability.

India is providing aid to 11 countries, writing-off their debt and loaning the IMF $300M.

It has also prepaid $3Billion owed to the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.

India: Pharmaceuticals The Indian pharmaceutical industry at $6.5 billion and

growing at 8-10% annually, is the 4th largest pharmaceutical industry in the world, and is expected to be worth $12 billion by 2008.

Its exports are over $2 billion. India is among the top five bulk drug makers and at home, the local industry has edged out the Multi-National companies whose share of 75% in the market is down to 35%.

Trade of medicinal plants has crossed $900M already.

There are 170 biotechnology companies in India, involved in the development and manufacture of genomic drugs, whose business is growing exponentially.

Sequencing genes and delivering genomic information for big Pharmaceutical companies is the next boom industry in India.

India: R&D LabsR&D Centre Highlights

R&D Centre, Bangalore

Established in 1984. The centre started with just 20 people, now has 900 people working on VLSI and embedded software, which goes along with a chip or into the chip.

India Development Centre, Bangalore, Hyderabad.

The Bangalore centre was established in 1994; the Hyderabad one in 1999. Oracle’s largest development centre outside the US currently has 6,000 staff. Does work on Oracle's database products, applications, business intelligence products and application development tools, besides other activities.

India Engineering Centre, Bangalore

Established in mid-1999 with 20 people, has scaled up to 500 people today. Does work mainly on Sun's software which includes Solaris and Sun One.

R&D Centre, Bangalore and Mumbai.

Established in 1988 with 20 people, has scaled up to 1,000 today. Drives nearly 60 percent of the company’s global development delivery.

Software Lab, Bangalore, Pune.

Established in 2001. Works on all IBM software like WebSphere, DB2, Lotus, Tivoli and Rational. The centre has added many new areas of activities such as middleware and business intelligence.

Labs India, Bangalore.

Established in November 1998 with 100 people, the Lab swill be scaled up to 1500 by the end of 2004. That will double 3000 staff by middle of 2006. It is the largest single-location R&D lab for SAP outside Walldorf, Germany. Nearly 10 percent of SAP's total R&D work is carried out from the Indian lab.

Innovation Campus, Bangalore.

Established in 1996 with 10 people, has scaled up to 895 people today, and will be further scaled up to 1,000 before the end of 2003. Works on developing software for Philips products. Almost all Philips products that use software have some contribution from this centre. It is the largest software centre for Philips outside Holland.

Bangalore.

Established in 2002 with just two people, has scaled up to 20 specialists today. Plans exist to double its headcount by the beginning of 2004. Is totally dedicated to high-level research on futuristic technologies, with special focus on emerging markets.

India: Technology Superpower Over 100 MNCs have set up R&D facilities in India in the past

five years. These include GE, Bell Labs, Du Pont, Daimler Chrysler, Eli Lilly, Intel, Monsanto, Texas Instruments, Caterpillar, Cummins, GM, Microsoft and IBM.

India’s telecom infrastructure between Chennai, Mumbai and Singapore, provides the largest bandwidth capacity in the world, with well over 8.5 Terabits (8.5Tbs) per second.

With more than 250 universities, 1,500 research institutions and 10,428 higher-education institutes, India produces 200,000 engineering graduates and another 300,000 technically trained graduates every year.

Besides, another 2 million other graduates qualify out in India annually.

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) is among the top three universities from which McKinsey & Company, the world's biggest consulting firm, hires most.

Indians abroadA snapshot of Indians at the helm of leading Global

businesses

The Co-founder of Sun Microsystems (Vinod Khosla), Creator of Pentium Chip (Vinod Dahm),

Founder and creator of Hotmail (Sabeer Bhatia), Chief Executive of McKinsey & Co. (Rajat Gupta)

President and CFO of Pepsi Cola (Indra Nooyi) President of United Airlines (Rono Dutta)

GM of Hewlett Packard (Rajiv Gupta) President and CEO of US Airways (Rakesh Gangwal)

Chief Executive of CitiBank (Victor Menezes),Chief Executives of Standard Chartered Bank (Rana Talwar)

Chief Executive officer of Vodafone (Arun Sarin) President of AT & T-Bell Labs (Arun Netravali)

Vice-Chairman and founder of Juniper Networks (Pradeep Sindhu) Founder of Bose Audio (Amar Bose)

Founder, chip designer Cirrus Logic (Suhas Patil ) Chairman and CEO of Computer Associates (Sanjay Kumar)Head of (HPC WorldWide) of Unilever Plc. (Keki Dadiseth)

Chief Executive Officer of HSBC (Aman Mehta)Director and member of Executive Board of Goldman Sachs (Girish Reddy)Chief Economist of the International Monetary Fund (Raghuram Rajan)

Former CTO of Novell Networks (Kanwal Rekhi)

Indians in the USA.

Of the 1.5M Indians living in the USA, 1/5th of them live in the Silicon Valley.

35% of Silicon Valley start-ups are by Indians.

Indian students are the largest in number among foreign students in USA.

Statistics that show:

38% of doctors in the USA,12% of scientists in the

USA,36% of NASA scientists,34% of Microsoft

employees,28% of IBM employees,17% of INTEL scientists,13% of XEROX employees,

… are Indians. 1.  India 44% 2.  China 9% 3.  Britain 5% 4.  Philippines 3% 5.  Canada 3% 6.  Taiwan 2% 7.  Japan 2% 8.  Germany 2% 9.  Pakistan 2% 10. France 2%

US H1-B Visaapplicants country of origin

“IIT = Harvard + MIT + Princeton”“IIT = Harvard + MIT + Princeton” , says CBS ‘60 Minutes’.

CBS' highly-regarded ‘60 Minutes’, the most widely watched news programme in the US, told its audience of more than 10 Million viewers that “IIT may be the most important university you've never heard

of."

"The United States imports oil from Saudi Arabia, cars from Japan, TVs from Korea and Whiskey from Scotland. So what do we import from India? We import people, really smart people," co-host Leslie Stahl

began while introducing the segment on IIT.

“…the smartest, the most successful, most influential Indians who've migrated to the US seem to share a common credential: They are

graduates of the IIT.”“…in science and technology, IIT undergraduates leave their American counterparts in the dust.“

“Think about that for a minute: A kid from India using an Ivy League university as a safety school. That's how smart these guys are.”

There are “cases where students who couldn't get into computer science at IIT, they have gotten scholarships at MIT, at Princeton, at Caltech.”

Sounds of India

Indians of note

Rabindranath Tagore, Poet and writer of India’s national anthem and Nobel

Prize for Literature in 1913, (1861 1941):

"Oneness amongst men, the advancement of unity in diversity – this

has been the core religion of India.“

Swami Vivekananda,(1863-1902):

“I am proud to belong to a religion which has taught the world both tolerance and universal

acceptance.

We believe not only in universal toleration, but we accept all religions as true.

I am proud to belong to a nation which has sheltered the persecuted and the refugees of all

religions and all nations of the earth.

I am proud to tell you that we have gathered in our bosom the purest remnant of the Israelites,

who came to Southern India and took refuge with us in the very year in which their holy temple was

shattered to pieces by Roman tyranny.

I am proud to belong to the religion which has sheltered and is still fostering the remnant of the

grand Zoroastrian nation.

I will quote to you, brethren, a few lines from a hymn which I remember to have repeated from

my earliest boyhood, which is every day repeated by millions of human beings: ‘As the different

streams having their sources in different paths which men take through different tendencies,

various though they appear, crooked or straight, all lead to Thee.’ ”

Sri Aurobindo,(1872-1950):

“…Like the majority of educated Indians, I have passively accepted without examination, the

conclusion of European scholarship.”

“…That we turn always the few distinct truths and the symbols or the particular discipline of a religion into a hard and fast dogmas, is a sign that as yet we are only infants in the spiritual knowledge and are yet far from the science of

the Infinite.”

"...The mind is not the highest possible power of consciousness; for mind is not in possession of

Truth, but only its ignorant seeker.”

Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948):

Gandhi was once asked what he thought about Western Civilization. His response was: "I think it would be a

good idea.”

"The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.“

“You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean

does not become dirty.”

“The only devils in this world are those running around inside our own hearts, and that is where all our battles

should be fought.”

“If all Christians acted like Christ, the whole world would be Christian.”

“Woman, I hold, is the personification of self-sacrifice, but unfortunately today she does not realize what

tremendous advantage she has over man.”

“Indians, will stagger humanity without shedding a drop of blood.”

“An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.”

Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621-1675):

The Kashmiri Brahmins, who were being persecuted by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, seeked the council of Guru Tegh Bahadur. The 9th guru of the Sikhs upon

hearing of the Brahmins predicament, responded:

“Unless a holy man lays down his head for the sake of the poor Brahmins, there is no hope for their escape from imperial tyranny.”, his young son reminded him “Revered father, who would be better equipped for

this than yourself?”

During Guru Tegh Bahadur’s subsequent imprisonment by Aurangzeb, he spoke out:

“Hinduism may not be my faith, …but I would fight for the right of all Hindus to live with honour and practice

their faith according to their own rites…. “

“All men are created by God and therefore must be free to worship in any manner they like. I neither

convert others by force, nor submit to force, to change my faith.”

The enraged Aurangzeb, upon realising Guru Tegh Bahadur would not convert to Islam, ordered his public

beheading by the sword.

His body was left in the dust as no one dared to pick up the body for fear of the emperors reprisal.

Sir C.V. Raman, (1888 – 1970)Sir C.V. Raman, (1888 – 1970)1930 - Nobel Laureate in Physics for work on scattering of light and Raman effect.

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose, (1858 – 1937)Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose, (1858 – 1937)USA based IEEE has proved what has been a century old suspicion amongst academics that the pioneer of wireless-radio communication was Professor Jagdish Chandra Bose and not Guglielmo Marconi.

Satyendranath Bose, (1894-1974)Satyendranath Bose, (1894-1974)Indian Physicist, who solved one of the mysteries of quantum mechanics, showing that in the quantum world some particles are indistinguishable. His collaborations with Albert Einstein led to a new branch on statistical mechanics know commonly known as the “Einstein-Bose” statistics.

Srinivasa Ramanujam,(1887 – 1920): Srinivasa Ramanujam,(1887 – 1920): Great Indian Mathematician, whose interest from academics at Trinity, College, Cambridge, led him to collaborate there and postulate and prove well over 3,542 theorems.

Amartya Sen, (b-1933):Amartya Sen, (b-1933): 1998 - The Nobel Prize for Economics for his redefining work on ethical welfare economics. Currently residing as Lamont University Professor Emeritus at Harvard, after stepping down from the prestigious post of Master of Trinity College, Cambridge.

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, (1910-Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, (1910-1995):1995):1983 Nobel Laureate in Physics. His many contributions to physics, on the structure and evolution of stars including rotational figures of equilibrium, stellar interiors, black holes, radiative transfer, hydromagnetic stability, stellar dynamics.

Har Gobind Khorana, (b-1922 ):Har Gobind Khorana, (b-1922 ):1968 - Nobel Laureate in Medicine for work on interpretation of the genetic code . Currently residing as professor at MIT.

India

India never invaded any country in her last 10,000 years of history.

It is the only society in the world which has never known slavery.

India was the richest country on Earth until the time of the

British in the early 17th Century

Robert Clive’s personal wealth amassed from the blunder of Bengal during 1750’s was estimated at around

£401,102It has been estimated that the total amount of treasure that the British looted from India had already reached £1,000,000,000 (£1Billion) by

1901. Taking into consideration interest rates and

inflation this would be worth close to $1,000,000,000,000 ($1Trillion) in real-terms

today.

Vedic CivilizationIndus & Saraswati Civilizations Rise of Jainism and Buddhism

Mauryan Period Golden Age of Indian Arts & Sciences

Muslim InvasionsThe Mughal EmpirePortuguese Invasion

The British East-India CompanyThe British Empire

India's Freedom Struggle Independence

Modern India 2020 Vision

A Brief History of Time

Languages of India

Hindi

Sanskrit

Tamil

Gujarati

Urdu

Punjabi

Malayalam

Bengali

Marathi

Konkani

Kannada

Assamese

Telegu

OriyaRajasthani

Vedic PhilosophyThe Vedas are the oldest written text on our planet

today. They date back to the beginning of Indian civilization and are the earliest literary records of the

human mind.

They have been passed through oral tradition for over 10,000 years, and

first appeared in written form between 2500 - 5,000 years ago.

Veda means “Knowledge” in Sanskrit.Veda means “Knowledge” in Sanskrit.

Vedic Knowledge System

32 primary vidyas consisting of Vedas, Vedangas, Upavedas, Upangas,

Darsanas, Puranas, Itihasa, Dharma Sastras

18 mahasthanas consisting ofVedas, Vedangas, Upavedas, Upangas

Vedic Knowledge SystemThe Vedas

Rigveda contains hymns to Gods

Yajurveda uses the Riks for sacrifice

Samaveda introduces musical notesAtharvaveda gives ways to make life

successful

Sections in each Veda

Samhita contains hymns to Gods.

Brahmana speaks of worshipping with the hymns

Aranyaka enunciates the spiritual philosophyThe 108 Upanishads form the last part of Aranyaka. Ten famous Upanishads: Isha, Kena, Mandukya, Mundaka, Aitareya, Taittireeya, Brihadaranyaka, Chandogya, Swetasvatara, Katha

Vedic Knowledge System

Vedangas (Studied to understand the Veda) Vyakarana - GrammarSiksha - Science of phoenetics and pronounciation Nirukta - Etymological derivation of wordsChandas - Science of metresJyotisha - Knowledge of celestial/shining objects – astronomyKalpa - Study of time, rituals and so on

Upa Vedas Dhanurveda - Science of archery and warfare Ayurveda - Science of life (health, medicine, surgery) Gandharvaveda - Art forms like music, dance, poetry, sculpture, erotica Arthasastra - Science of state administration, finance, polity, sociology

UpangasDharma Sastras – Guidelines for life, such as morality, code of conduct,

code for rituals, justice - Grihya Sutra, Dharma Sutra, Srauta SutraItihasa and Puranas - History and Mythology Nyaya - Formal Logic, Code, methods and laws of debate, Inquiry Mimamsa - Philosophy of rituals, Philosophy of worship, Spiritual philosophy

The Six Darsanas (windows to Truth)Sankhya Yoga Nyaya Vaiseshika Purva Mimamsa Uttara Mimamsa

Vedic Knowledge System

Sanskrit (सं�स्कृ� त )Sanskrit was the classical language of India, older than

Hebrew and Latin.It is the oldest, most scientific, systematic language in

the world. It became the language of all cultured people in India and in the countries that were influenced by

India.

Sanskrit literally means “refined” or “perfected”Sanskrit word English meaning Sanskrit meaning

matar

pitar

bhratar

svasar

gyaamti

trikonamiti

dvaar

ma

naman

smi

eka

mother

papa / father

brother

sister

geometry

trigonometry

door

me

name

smile

equal

'measuring the earth’

'measuring triangular forms‘

‘first person pronoun’

‘the same’

India The value of "pi" was first calculated by

Boudhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century long before the European mathematicians. This was ‘validated’ by British scholars in 1999.

Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India. Quadratic equations were propounded by Sridharacharya in the 11th century.

The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 1053 with specific names as early as 5000 BC during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Tera: 1012.

Maharshi Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted complicated surgeries like caesareans, cataract, artificial limbs, fractures, urinary stones and even plastic surgery.

Usage of anaesthesia was well known in ancient India. Over 125 surgical equipments were used.

Detailed knowledge of anatomy, physiology, aetiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity is also found in many texts.

When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in the Sindhu Valley Civilization.

India• India invented the

Number System. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta. The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC.

• Aryabhatta was the first to explain spherical shape, size ,diameter, rotation and correct speed of Earth in 499 AD.

• The World's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. Students from all over the World studied more than 60 subjects.

• The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.

• Sanskrit is considered the mother of all higher languages. Sanskrit is the most precise, and therefore suitable language for computer software - a report in Forbes magazine, July 1987.

• Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.

• Today Ayurveda is fast regaining its rightful place in civilization.

• Christopher Columbus was attracted India's wealth and was looking for route to India when he discovered the American continent by mistake.

• The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The word ‘Navigation’ is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit 'Nou'.

• In Siddhanta Siromani (Bhuvanakosam 6) Bhaskaracharya II described about gravity of earth about 400 years before Sir Isaac Newton. He also had some clear notions on differential calculus, and the Theory of Continued Fraction.

India Theory of Continued Fraction was discovered by Bhaskaracharya II.

Indians discovered Arithmetic and Geometric progression. Arithmetic progression is explained in Yajurveda.

Govindaswamin discovered Newton Gauss Interpolation formula about 1800 years before Newton.

Vateswaracharya discovered Newton Gauss Backward Interpolation formula about 1000 years before Newton.

Parameswaracharya discovered Lhuiler’s formula about 400 years before Lhuiler.

Nilakanta discovered Newton’s Infinite Geometric Progression convergent series.

Positive and Negative numbers and their calculations were explained first by Brahmagupta in his book Brahmasputa Siddhanta.

Aryabhatta also propounded the Heliocentric theory of gravitation, thus predating Copernicus by almost one thousand years.

Madhavacharya discovered Taylor series of Sine and Cosine function about 250 years before Taylor.

Madhavacharya discovered Newton Power series.

Madhavacharya discovered Gregory Leibnitz series for the Inverse Tangent about 280 years before Gregory.

Madhavacharya discovered Leibnitz power series for pi about 300 years before Leibnitz.

Bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: (5th century) 365.258756484 days

Infinity was well known for ancient Indians. Bhaskaracharya II in Beejaganitha(stanza-20) has given clear explanation with examples for infinity

The Surya Siddhanta,

A textbook on astronomy of ancient India, last compiled in 1000 BC, believed to be handed down

from 3000 BC by aid of complex mnemonic recital methods still known today.

Showed the Earth's diameter to be 7,840 miles, compared to modern measurements of 7,926.7 miles.

Showed the distance between the Earth and the Moon as 253,000 miles,

Compared to modern measurements of 252,710 miles.

IT LINGUISTICS

•Ancient Indians were masters in Information husbandry. They used the sutra method to encapsulate sententious information into networks of concise formulae/rules. They used hashing techniques too.

•Theory of grammars/languages can be traced back to Astadhyayi of Panini in which he used a meta-language called Upadesa to define the grammar of sanskrit in about 8000 rules. The Backus-Naur form should actually be called Panini Normal form!

•Binary value system with booleans and place value was first used by Pingala in Chandassastra.

•The most scientific mapping between phonetics, semantics, script and psychic effects of phonetics exists in Sanskrit.

•Unlike other languages where words are the basic units, Sanskrit and other highly evolved Indian languages have word-roots as the basic units and the grammar for Sanskrit really starts from adding tense, gender, number, time, person to the word root to generate words and not adding these to a word to form a sentence.

•As a result of this uniqueness, only words determine the meaning of a sentence and not the order of words. This is another unique feature of Indian languages.

METALLURGY ENGINEERING

•Steel was manufactured in India at a house-hold scale.

•Instruments with precision required for complex surgery were manufactured. The finesse was such that there were instruments which could vertically split hair.

•Gold, silver and other metals were extracted and used in ornaments and other articles.

•Extraction of minerals, preparation of bricks and use of limestone in constructions was prevalent.

• Engineering and Architecture – Huge temples dating back to centuries. Brihadiswara temple, Konark Sun dial to begin an endless list

• Town planning – Proofs from Harappa excavations, with well-laid roads buildings and drainage system

• Engineering was studied as a course in 1805 before British sought to eliminate the traditional education system

India

Brahmagupta, 630 A.D., said, the following about Gravity,

“Bodies fall towards the earth as it is in the nature of the earth to attract bodies, just as it is in the nature of water

to flow".

The world famous and priceless “Kohinoor” diamond, which is set in the Crown of the British monarch (Queen Victoria, and Elizabeth II), was acquired from India.

According to the Gemological Institute of America, up until 1896, India was the only source for diamonds to the world.

Chess (Shataranja or AshtaPada) was reportedly invented in India.

The game of snakes & ladders was created by the 13th century poet saint Gyandev. It was originally called  'Mokshapat.' The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices.

India RigVeda (1.50), a hymn

addressed to the Sun, refers quite clearly that the Sun traverses 2,202 yojanas in half a nimesha. This in fact refers to the speed of light.

The World's First Granite Temple is the Brihadeswara temple at Tanjavur in Tamil Nadu. The shikhara is made from a single '80-tonne' piece of granite.

India's ancient achievements in Medical Science

Knowledge Ancient Reference Modern Reference

Artificial Limb RigVed (1-116-15) 20th Century

Number of Chromosomes (23) Mahabharat (5500 BCE) 1890 A.D.

Combination of Male and Female Shrimad Bhagwat 20th Century

Analysis of Ears RigVed Labyrinth

Beginning of the Foetal Heart Eitereya Upanishad -(6000 BCE)

Robinson, 1972

Parthenogenesis Mahabharat 20th Century

Test Tube Babies ( from the ovum only)Test Tube Babies ( from the sperm only)

Mahabharat Not possible yetNot possible yet

Elongation of Life in confirmed Space Travel

Shrimad Bhagwat Not yet

Cell Division (in 3 layers) Shrimad Bhagwat 20th Century

Embryology Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE)

19th Century

Micro-organisms Mahabharat 18th Century

A material producing a disease can prevent or cure the disease in minute quantity

S-Bhagwat (1-5-33) Haneman, 18th Century

Developing Embyro in Vitro Mahabharat 20th Century

Life in trees and plants Mahabharat Bose, 19th Century

16 Functions of the Brain AitereyaUpanishad 19th – 20th Century

Definition of Sleep Prashna-Upanishad Yogsootra Cunavidhi 20th Century

Chromosomes (Mahabharat)(5500 BCE) 1860 – 1910 A.D.

India's ancient achievements in Physical Science

Knowledge Ancient Reference Modern Reference

Velocity of Light RigVed - Sayan Bhashya (1400 A.D) 19th Century

Trans-Saturnean Planets Mahabharat (5500 BC) 17-19th Century

Space Travel to another solar system

Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 BC) Under trials

Gravitational Force (Prashnopanishad)

(6000 B.C) Shankaracharya (500 B.C) 17th Century

Ultraviolet Band Sudhumravarna - (Mundakopanishad - M.U)

----

Infra-Red Band Sulohita (M.U) ----

Tachyons faster than light Manojava (Mundakopanishad) Sudarshan,

1968

Nuclear Energy Spullingini (Mundakopanishad) 20th Century

Black Holes Vishvaruchi(Mundakopanishad) 20th Century

Embryology Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE) 19th Century

Monsoon at Summer Solstice RigVed (23720 B.C) ----

Entry in South America by Aeroplanes

Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C) ----

Phosphorescent Trident at the Bay of Pisco, Peru, S.America

Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C) 1960 A.D.

Aeroplanes RigVed,Ramayana,Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.)

----

Robot Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.) ----

Atom (Divisible) & (Indivisible) Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 B.C.) 1800 A.D.

Did the Vedic Aryans travel as far as Easter Island?The Easter Islands located in the

Pacific Ocean, were situated far away from any civilization.

The craftsmanship of these islands corresponds to the one of the ancient

Incas.

The sign script of the Easter Islands almost equals the ancient scripts of

Indus Valley.

Easter Islandsymbols

Indus Saraswatisymbols

Were the Ancient Vedic civilisation of Indus Saraswati valley Trans-Oceanic seafarers?

Kalarippayat - 200 BC-

Modern Martial artsKerala, South India, guardians of the origins of modern

martial-arts,

influenced by Yoga and connected to the ancient Indian sciences of war

(dhanur-veda) and medicine (ayur-veda).

The origin of kung-fu begins with the legend of a monk named Bodhidharma (also

known as Ta Mo) who travelled from India to China around

500 A.D.

Ancient Martial artsThere were many types of martial arts in Bharat from times immemorial, involving and not involving weapons, such as

Hanumanti and Jambavati.

ManipuriManipuri

Bharata NatyamBharata Natyam

OdisOdissisi

Mohini AttamMohini Attam

KuchipudiKuchipudiKathakaliKathakaliKathKath

akak

7 Classical 7 Classical Dance formsDance forms

Sights of India

Mount Kailas, Himalayas“abode of snow” – in Sanskrit

The Beauty of Kashmir

Varanasi, Ganges River

Western Thar Desert, Rajasthan

“Gods Own Country”, Kerala

The Gods of India

1 Billion people, 1 Billion Gods

Rama

GaneshaSarasw

ati

Lakshmi

Nanak

Buddha Devi Krsna

Murugan

                                      

                                                              

SARASWATI

DestroyDestroyerer

Shiva

PreservPreserverer

Vishnu

CreatorCreator

Brahman

The TrinityThe Trinity

The Six Vedic Religions (Shanmatas)Vaishnava: Worshipping Lord Vishnu as the Supreme Godhead.

Saiva: Worshipping Lord Siva as the Supreme Godhead

Sakteya: Worshipping Shakti, the Goddess as the Supreme Godhead

Ganapatya: Worshipping Lord Ganesha as the Supreme Godhead

Koumara: Worshipping Lord Kartikeya as the Supreme Godhead

Soura: Worshipping Sun as the ultimate Supreme Godhead

Other Offshoots of Hinduism

Buddhism: Following the teachings of Gautama Buddha towards Nirvana

Jainism: Following the teachings of Mahavira towards Kaivalya

Sikhism: Following the footsteps of the lineage of Ten Gurus called Khalsa

Religions born Religions born in Indiain India

Foundations of Hindu Society• Family – the atomic unit• Community (Jati) – the

social unit• Four varnas –

abstractions based on spiritual temperament – Bramha:

Transcendental study and Preserving the spiritual heritage

– Kshatra: The warrior class

– Vaishya: The trading community

– Sudra: (Occupations) Engineering, Sculpture, Agriculture, Other occupations like Pottery, Metal work, Mining

• Four Ashramas – stages of life– Brahmacarya: Study and

celibacy – Grhasta: The sustainer of

society– Vanaprastha: Moving

towards spiritual – Sanyasa: Renunciation

• Four Purusharthas – purposes/fulfillment of life– Dharma– Artha– Kama– Moksha

The Ancient Indian Epics

Ramayana

MahabharataLongest Epic in world

literature with 100,000 two-line

stanzas, first composed about 5000 years ago.

The first Indian poetry consisting of

24,000 verses divided into 7 books,

composed about 6500 years ago.

“After many births the wise seek refuge in me, seeing me everywhere and in everything. Such great souls are very rare.”

"Your very nature will drive you to fight, the only choice is what to fight against.”

“On action alone be your interest, Never on its fruits.Let not the fruits of action be your motive,Nor be thy attachment to inaction. “

“This is how actions were done by the ancient seekers of freedom; follow their example: act, surrendering the fruits of action.”

“For certain is death for the born, and certain is birth for the dead;Therefore over the inevitable you should not grieve. “

“For the uncontrolled there is no wisdom. For the uncontrolled there is no concentration, and for him without concentration, there is no peace. And for the unpeaceful how can there ever be happiness? “

“When a man dwells on the objects of sense, he creates an attraction for them; attraction develops into desire, and desire breeds anger.“

The words of Lord Krsna crystallized in the The words of Lord Krsna crystallized in the Bhagavad Gita.Bhagavad Gita.

Lord Krsna counsels Prince Lord Krsna counsels Prince Arjuna during the Great Arjuna during the Great Mahabharata War, in Mahabharata War, in Kurukshetra, India, circa 3100 Kurukshetra, India, circa 3100 B.C.,B.C.,

The Schools of Hindu Spiritual PhilosophyAdvaita Visistadvai

taDualistic nature of the universe and duality of Jiva-Para (seeker and God).

Non-dualistic view of the Universe and non-duality of Jiva-Para

Conditional duality of Jiva-Para.

Dvaita

The Three Steps to learning Spiritual Philosophy (Prasthana Trayi)

Bhagavadgita

Upanishads

Brahmasutras

The 4 kinetic ideas behind Hindu Vedic SpiritualityKarm

aMaya Nirva

naYoga

The law of universal causality, which connects man with the cosmos and condemns him to transmigrate.

The world is not simply what it seems to the human senses.Absolute reality, situated somewhere beyond the cosmic illusion woven by Maya and beyond human experience as conditioned by Karma.

The state of absolute blessedness, characterized by release from the cycle of reincarnations; freedom from the pain and care of the external world; bliss.

Implies integration; bringing all the faculties of the psyche under the control of the self

is the Sanskrit word for;is the Sanskrit word for;

Amen (Christian)Amen (Christian)

Amin (Muslim)Amin (Muslim)

Aum (Hindu)Aum (Hindu)

Hūm (Bhuddist)Hūm (Bhuddist)

““AUM” or “OM”AUM” or “OM”

The first sound of the Almighty – Infinite Reality - Oneness The first sound of the Almighty – Infinite Reality - Oneness with the supremewith the supreme

Future

India has started construction of the World’s largest Buddha

statue, it is being designed to last for the next 1,000 years.

The statue will be situated at Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh,

where the Buddha passed away.

The statue, destined to bring world peace, will be seated on a throne 17-storeys high, housing

a huge temple with the feet resting on a Lotus, touching the

Earth.

India: World's Largest Maitreya Buddha Statue

Goldman Sachs Report of 1 October, 2003 – "Dreaming with BRICs: The path to 2050"

India's GDP will reach $ 1 trillion by 2011, $ 2 trillion by 2020, $ 3 trillion by 2025, $ 6 trillion by 2032,

$ 10 trillion by 2038, and $ 27 trillion by 2050,

becoming the 3rd largest economy after USA and China.

In terms of GDP, India will overtake Italy by the year 2016, France by 2019, UK by 2022, Germany by 2023, and Japan by 2032.

Progress during the last 20 years

Poverty (incidence)1980s 1990s 2000

44% 36% 26%

Education (literacy rate)1980s 1990s 2000

44% 52% 65%

Health (life expectancy)1980s 1990s 2000

56 60 69

Source: World Bank (2003)

Ex-Prime Minister, Sri Atal Bihari Vajpayee

A treaty was signed on 6 January, 2004, establishing a South Asian Free Trade Area among the seven SAARC countries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Maldives) in the region.

India committed to a South Asian Union as the ultimate objective, with mutual security cooperation, open borders and a single currency in Southern Asia in the long run.

"The bonds of ethnicity and culture which hold together the peoples of this region are more

enduring than the barriers of political prejudice that have been erected quite recently.“

”….Friends, India is ready to do everything that is necessary, to walk as many extra miles as may be

required, to make this vision a reality.”

Dr Abdul Kalam, President of India, father of India’s space, missile and satellite programme and author of “India

2020 Vision”.“I have three visions for India.”

1. “ In 3000 years of our history people from all over the world have come and

invaded us, captured our lands, conquered our minds. From Alexander onwards. The Greeks, the Turks, the Moguls, the Portuguese, the British, the French, the

Dutch, all of them came and looted us, took over what was ours. Yet we have not done this to any other nation. We have not conquered anyone.

We have not grabbed their land, their culture, their history and have not tried to enforce our way of life on them.

Why? Because we respect the freedom of others. That is why my first vision is that of

FREEDOM. I believe that India got its first vision of this in 1857, when we started the war of independence. It is this freedom that we must protect and nurture and build on.

If we are not free, no one will respect us. “

2. My second vision for India is DEVELOPMENT. For fifty years we have been a developing nation. It is time we see ourselves as a developed nation. We are

among top 5 nations of the world in terms of GDP. We have 10% growth rate in most areas. Our poverty levels are falling. Our achievements are being globally

recognized today. Yet we lack the self-confidence to see ourselves as a developed nation, self-reliant and self-assured.

3. I have a THIRD vision. India must stand up to the world. Because I believe that

unless India stands up to the world, no one will respect us. Only strength respects strength. We must be strong not only as a military power but also as an

economic power. Both must go hand-in-hand.”

India’s population to be the largest in the world

India is set to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2050.

India’s population is expected to grow from 1.08bn to 1.63bn people, overtaking China,

which is forecast to reach 1.44bn from 1.3bn currently.

India, will also have the highest working population in the World — 700 million people out of 1.1 billion people are young; the young

population will continue till 2050.

Annie Wood Besant, British Theosophical Society,

(1847-1933):

“After a study of some forty years and more of the great religions of the world,

I find none so perfect, none so scientific, none so philosophical and none so spiritual than the great religion known by the

name of Hinduism.

Make no mistake, without Hinduism, India has no future.

Hinduism is the soil in to which India's roots are stuck and torn out of that she will inevitably wither as a tree torn out

from its place. 

And if Hindus do not maintain Hinduism - who shall save it? 

If India's own children do not cling to her faith - who shall guard it?

- India alone can save India and India and Hinduism are one.”