history of health education. early history: trial and error (lay-referral network) medical lore...
TRANSCRIPT
HISTORY OF HEALTH EDUCATION
Early History:
Trial and Error (lay-referral network) Medical lore passed down from
generation to generation Throughout history people have always
turned to some type of medicine man or physician for counsel
Ancient Cultures:
Good hygiene practices Paved streets, drains, sewer systems Code of Hammurabi Before science enabled us to determine
pathogenic causes of disease, spiritual explanations and leadership prevailed
Greeks:
Balance of physical, mental, and spiritual Hippocrates and the“atomic theory” (p.43)
Recorded observations between disease and geography, living conditions,climate, and diet
Romans:
Conquered the Greeks, but retained their medical knowledge
Exceptional builders of water and sewage systems
Attention to where they located towns and drainage
Advanced study of human anatomy and surgery
Middle Ages:
In order for people to be protected, they built fortresses around their property and animals
Overcrowding and sanitation Little emphasis on cleanliness in early
Christianity Disease was caused by sin or disobeying
God Time of great epidemics – bubonic plague
Renaissance:
Beginning of change Disease and plague still rampant Bloodletting popular “water casting” Barbers performed surgery and dentistry Hygiene of royalty
Renaissance cont.
Printing press invented so classical writing could be reproduced
OK to study the human body and anatomy advanced
Leeuwenhoek discovered the microscope John Graunt made advancement in epi “health boards” began to be developed in
communities
Age of Enlightenment:
Disease and plagues still raged Miasmas theory of disease took hold Mind and body were dependent on one
another Edward Jenner discovered vaccine
procedure for smallpox
1800’s (Bacterial period of public Health)
First half of the century diseases continued to rage
1842 Edwin Chadwick’s report 1849 John Snow and the Broad Street
pump Louis Pasteur – Germ theory of disease Joseph Lister – antiseptic method
Health Education & Promotion in the United States
Early colonial schools 1647 – “Old Deluder” law By mid 1800’s schools were tax
supported and attendance was required 1850 –first mandate to teach physiology
and hygiene in all public schools 1850 - Shattuck Report
1873 – APHA started 1874-1890 Women’s Crusade, later
called the Women’s Christian Temperance Union
1890’s - medical inspections began 1901- Thomas Wood
1914 - Demonstration projects began 1914 – WWI, 1st large scale measure of
health status of Americans 1920’s-1930’s many studies designed
to clarify the role of health education Great Depression, 1929-1941 WWII, 1939-1945
1950 – Health Education was emerging as integral part of elementary, secondary, & college curriculum
1970’s:The Era of Prevention
1971 – Coalition of National Health Organizations formed
1974 – LaLonde Report ** Health Field Concept **
1974 – CDC was established 1979 – Healthy People: The Surgeon
General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention was published
1980’s
Promoting Health & Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation
Initial Role Delineation study for Health Education
Examination of professional preparation programs and professional competencies
First Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES) recognized
1990’s
National Health Education Standards published
Responsibilities/competencies for entry-level Health Educators published
SOC designation for Health Educators Competencies Update Project (CUP)
2000’s
Unified Code of Ethics Report of Joint Committee on Health
Education & Promotion Terminology Promotion of CHES Revised national HE competencies (3
levels) based on CUP Outcome-Based Education & Practice
Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act
Signed into law March 2010
Expands health care coverage
Should help health education specialists Focus on prevention & preventive services Encourages & promotes worksite wellness Evidence-based community prevention & wellness programs Moves prevention toward the mainstream
Some components of the law are already in place
Major components required in 2014; not be fully implemented until 2019