% of hill areas in india 10.7%

Area in acres 81.26 crore acres

Zones East, North-West India, North

India and South India

Range of Height Minimum of 7000 feet

Definition: HILL AREA

The hill areas have been defined as ‘all kinds of weathered high lands’, (except mountains)

without reference to the level at which they are situated. This term includes practically the entire

area of all ranges other than the Himalayan and also the foothills of the Himalayan range up to

the limit of 7,000 feet above mean sea level.

A total of 10.7 percent of India’s total land area i.e. 81.26 crore acres lies in mountains, 18.6

percent in

hills. The word ‘mountain’ has been used by 1951 Census as ‘steep land at a very high elevation

and generally excludes all land below 7,000 feet abovesea level’.

HADP:Background

The guiding principles on which the hill area development programmes would be based are the promotion of a

secure, basic life- support system, and judicious utilization of land, mineral, water and biotic resources in a total

perspective embracing complementarily of interests of both the hills and the plains.

The whole strategy would centre around the active participation of the people, particularly of women, in the

fulfillment of their basic needs. The people's involvement can be ensured by ingraining the concept of "social

fencing", which implies a voluntary and self-imposed discipline in managing society's resources at the local level.

A better understanding of the resource base and ecosystems is an essential ingredient of development, planning

and management.

This necessities for creation of awareness of the vital importance of maintaining the ecosystem against

degradation among the hill people and particularly among the youth.

The plans of hill States and hill areas have, therefore, to be informed by ecological and environmental

considerations in addition to socioeconomic and cultural considerations. Mutation of policies, plans, programmes

and schemes, eco-restoration, eco-preservation and eco-development must be given due consideration.

HADP:STRATEGY FOR

IMPLEMENTATION

The hill areas of the country fall broadly into the following two categories :

(i)Areas which are co-terminus with the boundaries of the State of Union Territory, i.e., Hill States /

Union Territories, namely, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur, Meghalaya,

Nagaland, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram.

(ii) Areas which form part of a State (which are termed as Designated Hill Areas) covered under the

HADP, are the areas identified in 1965 by a Committee of the National Development Council

(NDC) and those recommended by the High Level Committee for Western Ghats in 1972.

Two hill districts of Assam - North Cachar and Karbi Anglong.

Nine districts of Uttar Pradesh - Dehradun, Pauri Garhwal, Tehri Garhwal, Chamoli, Uttar Kashi,

Nainital, Almora, Pithoragarh and Udham Singh Nagar.

Major part of Darjeeling District of West Bengal.

Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu

District Nilgiris

Population 7.35Lacs

Area 2452 sq.km

blocks Udhagamandalam(Ooty), Coonoor,

Kotagiri and Gudalur.

elevation 900-2636 mts above MSL

Main Crops Tea,coffee,potato

Key economy generator Tourism

No of blocks 4

Head quarters ooty

Surrounding states Karnataka(north),kerala(west)

Disaster vulnerability landslide, forest fire, and floods.

Highest peak doddabetta

% of forest cover in district 56% of total area

ST population 7.60%

Major rivers Bhavani,Moyar and Kabbini(tributes of

Cauvery and pandiar)

Soil types Alluvial soil, Lateritic soil, Red sandy soil,

Red loam, black soil, Colluvial soil.

Tribes The Todas, Kota's , Kurumbas and Irulas,

Paniyas, Kattunaikans

NILGIRIS-District Profile

HADP – Nilgiris

AIM:

To make “nilgiris” the world leader among the hill areas in the implementation of sustainable practices for

socio- economic development, preservation of bio- diversity and rejuvenation of hill ecology through

meaningful participation off all the stakeholders.

OBJECTIVES:

To preserve and conserve extremely fragile tropical eco-system i.e. Sholas and grasslands of Nilgiris.

Development of landuse plan for forest area as well as cultivated areas on the basis of slope levels and

other climatic, ecological considerations.

Conserve soil and water to increase productivity of the land by predominantly using vegetative methods and

changing the cropping pattern.

To ensure environment protection.

"Area based Approach" will be given top priority. Integrated plans shall be prepared for all watersheds and

high priority watershed shall be chosen for treatment.

Use of scientific interventions will be encouraged i.e. Application of Remote Sensing, etc.,

Promotion of Non-Conventional Energy sources i.e. Solar, Hydro, Bio-gas, etc.,

SECTORS

Development in Urban Local Bodies

Soil Conservation

Forestry

Welfare of SC / ST

Development in Rural Local Bodies

Roads and Road safety

Horticulture

Tourism

Human Resources Development

Social Welfare

Animal Husbandry & Dairy Development

Medical and Public Health

Remote Sensing / GIS

Disaster Management and Mitigation Works

PLAN wise Allocation

PLAN Allocation(in Crores)

5th five year plan 7.00

6 five year plan 21.81

7 five year plan 33.75

Annual plan(1990-91) 11.09

Annual(1991-92) 11.09

8th five year plan 55.49

9th five year plan 107.44

10th five year plan 123.90

11th five year plan 211.30

HADP:Through the Plans

The approach and strategy of the programme have evolved through the Plans.

The programmes implemented during the Fifth Plan period were mainly beneficiary oriented.

During the Sixth Plan, though the emphasis shifted to eco development, the general tenor of

HADP remained substantially the same as that of normal State Plan following the same sectoral

approach.

The Seventh Plan laid particular emphasis on the development of ecology and environment,

namely eco-restoration, eco-preservation and eco-development. The aim was to evolve plans and

programmes which would stimulate socio-economic growth, development of infrastructure and

promotion of ecology of the areas covered by HADP.

During the Eighth Plan, the approach was substantially the same as that in the Seventh Plan with

special focus on involvement of the people and meeting their basic needs through improved

management of their land and water resources.

In the Ninth Plan, the main objectives of the Programme were eco preservation and eco-

restoration.

During the Tenth Plan, for the hill areas ecological restoration/preservation.

SECTORWISE IMPLEMENTATION

SOIL CONSERVATION:

In Nilgiris District, Soil erosion continues to be one of the most serious problem threatening the eco-system. It is

well known that top soil loss is almost impossible to replace, resulting in poor agricultural yields and

simultaneously silting up the down stream reservoirs in the plains. The most important causes of soil erosion are:

1. Depletion of tree cover.

2. Inappropriate agricultural practices.

Under Hill Area Development Programme, the above two factors are sought to be met by afforestation programme in

the slopes (under Forestry Sector) and conversion of annual crops to perennial crops in the agricultural lands under

Horticulture sector). Apart from those two major activities, Soil consideration measures per se are equally important to

mest soil erosion in the hilly terrain of the district.

The strategy adopted to undertake various Soil Conservation measures as follows:

1. Treatment of Landslides.

2. Afforestation.

3. Collection wells.

4. Stream Training works

Stream Training Work

Stream Training WorkConstruction of check cam.

Soil conservation

FORESTRY

A total number of 2231 check dams, percolation ponds, 6.82 lakhs shola nursery

plants have been raised.

An area of 914 hectare has been covered under shola nursery plants. Fire land

cropping works for a length of 1208 km have been executed.

421 persons have been engaged as fire protection watchers and anti-poaching

watchers. Shola nursery for 1.50 lakh seedlings, afforestation in an area of 500

hectares of degraded forest medicinal plantation in 10 hectares have been raised.

Avalanches

Afforestration

Shola

afforestration

Anti poaching

watches

Welfare of SCs/STs

Basic amenities for SCs/STs colonies, maintenance of tribal hamlet roads and provision of

infrastructural facilities to Government Tribal/Adi-dravida Welfare Schools and creation of

awareness among SCs/STs people on ecology and sanitation works were also carried out under

this sector.

547 low cost houses were constructed and 60 colour TVs were distributed to SCs/STs.

Street lights were provided in 1046 locations. In the year 2006-2007 construction of 935 houses

for SCs/STs has been undertaken.

Community hallSkill training for tribal youth

Drinking water for tribals

HORTICULTURE

An area of 11120 hectares has been covered under distribution of tea clones infilling,

coffee seedlings, supply of fruits, spices and other economic plants, supply of

medicinal and aromatic plants. ™

Distribution of high yielding vegetable seeds and production of vegetable seeds.

An area of 4667 hectares have been covered under hybrid vegetable seeds and fruit

plantations

Pump sets Tractor for Agriculture

purpose

Lawn at Ooty garden

RURAL ROADS

Improvements to road works have been executed for a length of 284 km. A length of

1,860 metres of cement concrete drains has been provided.

BT Road CC Road Culvert

Animal Husbandry and Dairy Development •™ Mobile veterinary units were established. ™ Construction of veterinary sub centres (4),

Milk booths,Provision of can washing system , De worming of Calves/Cows , Vaccination

for foot and mouth disease , Milk Animals (200 with 50% subsidy), Milk Collection

equipments (261).programmes implemented are:

1. Animal Health Cover Programme.

2. Animal Breeding Programme.

PUBLIC HEALTH

Under HADP, 4 Ambulances and 2 Maternity Hospitals are set up in Nilgiris.

Ambulance Maternity Ward

Energy conservation:

Solar water heaters Solar street lights

conclusion

HADP is aimed at balanced and all round development of HILL AREAS which lie inside the administrative boundary of states.

Study of achievements in various sectors through HADP are considerable such as providing infrastructure,soil conservation,horticulture.

A study of the Five Yea Plans indicates that the national objective of the HADP has evolved over the years into one of sustainable development of the Hill Areas.

The HADP has aimed to achieve Eco-restoration, eco-protection and tco-development of Hill Areas in a sustainable manner.

The Plans have noted that their objectives require multi-sectoral approach in the HADP.

The Plans have set out various types of scheme which can be considered. The list of recommended schemes is long.

Considering these permissible schemes, specific programmes have been devised for each hill area, taking note of the local features, problems and requirements.

After consideration, modification and approval by the Union Planning Commission, the HADP is implemented by the Government of Tamil Nadu as a Centrally Assisted Scheme.