high voltage gain ,high step up dc-dc converter report_2

HIGH VOLTAGE GAIN, HIGH STEP UP DC-DC CONVERTER

MTECH, EPE, DSCE BANGALORE 42

CHAPTER 7

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter discusses about the results obtained from simulation of solar panel,

high step up DC-DC converter along with PID controller, interleaved high step up DC-

DC converter with PID controller.

7.1 SIMULATION RESULT OF SOLAR PANEL

In this section the simulation results of solar panel is discussed. The Fig 7.1 shows

the solar panel output voltage.

Figure 7.1 solar panel output voltages.

The x axes represents time is seconds and y axes represents voltage in volts. The red color

line represents solar panel output voltage. From the Fig 7.1 it is observed that output of

solar panel is constant 15 volt dc voltage.

7.2 SIMULATION RESULTS OF HIGH STEP UP DC-DC

CONVERTER

In this section the simulation results of high step up dc-dc converter is discussed. The

electrical specifications of high step up dc-dc converter are as follows.



Vin = 15 V,

Vo = 200 V,

Fs = 50 kHz,

RL = 1000Ω.

C1 = C2 =47µF, C3 =220µF.

N = 5,

D = as 55%

Figure 7.2 Input voltage of high step up dc-dc converter.

The Fig 7.2 shows the input voltage of high step up dc-dc converter. The x axes

represents time is seconds and y axes represents voltage in volts. The red color line

represents input voltage. From the Fig 7.2 it is observed that input to the converter is

constant 15 volt dc voltage.

Figure 7.3(a) voltage and current across Diode D1.



Figure 7.3(b) voltage and current across Diode D2.

Figure 7.3(c) voltage and current across Diode D3.

Figure 7.3(d) voltage across switch S1.

Figure 7.3 voltage and current across diode d1, d2, d3 and S1.



Voltage across diodes and switches can be calculated from equations (4.19) and (4.20)

The currents and voltage waveforms across the diodes D1, D2 & D3 are shown in

Fig.7.3 From Fig. 7.3(a), it is observed that voltage across diode D1 is 200 volt and

current is 8 ampere Similarly, from Fig.7.3 (b) it is observed that the voltage across diode

D2 is 100 volt and current 3 ampere and from Fig 7.3(c) it can observe that voltage across

diode D3 is 100 volt and current 3 ampere. From Fig 7.(d) it can observe that voltage

across switch S1 is 200 volt

Figure 7.4(a) voltage across capacitor C1

Figure 7.4(b) voltage across capacitor C2

Figure 7.4 voltage across capacitors C1 and C2.



Voltage across capacitors can be calculated from equations (4.13) and (4.14)

The voltage waveforms across the diodes C1 and C2 are shown in Fig.7.4 from Fig.

7.4(a), it is observed that voltage across capacitor C1 is 200 volt similarly; from Fig.7.4

(b) it is observed that the voltage across capacity or C2 is 12 volt.

Figure 7.5 Output voltage of high step up dc-dc converter.

The Fig 7.5 shows output voltage on y axes and time on x axes. From the Fig 7.5 it is

observed that 15 volt dc input voltage to the converter has been stepped up to 200 volt dc

output voltage and it also observed that rise time (tr) of the voltage 0.4 seconds

The voltage gain can be calculated by the equation given below



The efficiency of the converter can be calculated by the equation given below

The simulation results of high step up dc-dc converter with the electrical specifications

Vin = 7 V, Vo = 105 V, Fs = 50 kHz, RL = 1000Ω. C1 = C2 =4.7µF, C3 =1µF. D = as

55%.

Figure 7.6 voltage and current across diode d1, d2, d3 .

The voltage waveforms across the diodes D1, D2 & D3 are shown in FIG 7.6 .From

FIG 7.6 it is observed that voltage across D2 and D3 is 20 and is justified from equation

(4.19&4.20). It is observed from equation that voltage across diode D1 is 70 volt

similarly, the voltage across diode D2 is 20 volt and voltage across diode D3 is 35 volt.

The justification for output voltage can be given by equation (4.17). It is observed that 7

volt dc input voltage to the converter has been stepped up to 103 volt dc output voltage.



Figure 7.7 Output voltage of high step up dc-dc converter.

The Fig 7.7 shows output voltage on y axes and time on x axes. From the Fig 7.7 it is

observed that 7 volt dc input voltage to the converter has been stepped up to 105 volt dc

output voltage and it also observed that rise time (tr) of the voltage 0.02 seconds.

The voltage gain and efficiency can be calculated by the equation given below.

From voltage gain and efficiency of high step up dc-dc converter it is observed that

without extreme duty ratios and the numerous turns-ratios of a coupled inductor, this

converter achieves a high step-up voltage-conversion ratio and they is very low ripple

content in the output.



7.3 SIMULATION RESULTS OF HIGH STEP UP DC-DC

CONVERTER WITH PID CONTROLLER

In this section the simulation results of high step up dc-dc converter with PID

controller is discussed. The electrical specifications of high step up dc-dc converter are

Vin =15 V, Vo=200 V, Fs=50 kHz, and full load resistance R=1000Ω. The major

components required are C1 = C2 =47μF and C3 =220μF. The main switch S1 is a

MOSFET turns ratio n=5, the duty ratio D is derived as 55%.

Figure 7.8 Converter input voltage.

In Fig 7.8 x-axes represents time and y-axes represents voltage. It shows that 15 volt

constant dc input voltage is given to the converter.



Figure 7.9(a) voltage and current across Diode D1.

Figure 7.9(b) voltage and current across Diode D2.



Figure 7.9(c) voltage and current across Diode D3.

Figure 7.9(d) voltage across switch S1.

Figure 7.9 voltage and current across diode d1, d2, d3 and S1.

Voltage across diodes and switches can be calculated from equations (4.19) and (4.20)

The currents and voltage waveforms across the diodes D1, D2 & D3 are shown in

Fig.7.9 From Fig. 7.9(a), it is observed that voltage across diode D1 is 200 volt and

current is 8 ampere Similarly, from Fig.7.9 (b) it is observed that the voltage across diode

D2 is 100 volt and current 3 ampere and from Fig 7.9(c) it can observe that voltage across



diode D3 is 100 volt and current 3 ampere. From Fig 7.9(d) it can observe that voltage

across switch S1 is 200 volt.

Figure 7.10(a) voltage across capacitor C1

Figure 7.10(b) voltage across capacitor C2

Figure 7.10 voltage across capacitors C1 and C2.

Voltage across capacitors can be calculated from equations (4.13) and (4.14)

The voltage waveforms across the diodes C1 and C2 are shown in Fig.7.10 from

Fig. 7.10(a), it is observed that voltage across capacitor C1 is 200 volt similarly; from

Fig.7.10 it is observed that the voltage across capacitor C2 is 12 volt.



Figure 7.11 Converter output with and without PID controller

The Fig 7.11 shows output voltage on y axes and time on x axes. In Fig 7.11 the

blue line represents the converter output with PID controller and red line represents

without PID controller .From the Fig 7.11 we can say that 15 volt dc input voltage to the

converter has been stepped up to 200 volt dc output voltage and it can be observed that

rise time (tr) of the voltage without PID controller is 0.4 and with pid controller it is 0.15.

TABLE 7.1

Converter output comparison

Converter output Without PID controller With PID controller

Rise time 0.4 0.15

Steady state error 2v 0.2v

The table 7.1 shows the converter output comparison with and without PID

controller .from table 7.1 it is observed that converter without PID controller has rise time

of 0.4 seconds, steady state error of 2V volts and converter with PID controller has rise

time of 0.15 seconds, steady error of 0.2v.So it can concluded that converter with PID

controller has less rise time and steady state error compared to without PID controller.

The voltage gain and efficiency can be calculated by the equation given below.



From voltage gain and efficiency of high step up dc-dc converter with PID

controller it is observed that without extreme duty ratios and the numerous turns-ratios of

a coupled inductor, this converter achieves a high step-up voltage-conversion ratio; the

leakage inductor energy of the coupled inductor is efficiently recycled to the load and

they is very low ripple content in the output.

7.4 SIMULATION RESULTS OF INTERLEAVED HIGH

STEP UP DC-DC CONVERTER WITH PID CONTROLLER

In this section the simulation results of interleaved high step up dc-dc converter

with PID controller is discussed. The electrical specifications of interleaved high step up

dc-dc converter are as follows Vin =15 V, Vo=250 V, Fs=50 kHz, and full load resistance

R=1000Ω. The major components required are C1 = C2= C3=C4=47μF and C5 =220μF.

The main switch S1, S2 is a MOSFET turns ratio n=8, the duty ratio D is derived as 55%.

FIG 7.12 shows the voltage across diodes D1, D2, D3, D4.The x axis represents

time in seconds and y axis represents voltage in volts. From Fig 7.12 it can observed that

voltage across diode D1, D3 is 240v and voltage across diode D2, D4 is 80v.Voltage

across the diodes can be calculated from equations (4.19) and (4.20)



Figure 7.12 voltages across diode D1, D2, D3, D4.

Figure 7.13 voltages across capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4.

FIG 7.13 shows the voltage across capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4. The x axis

represents time in seconds and y axis represents voltage in volts. From Fig 7.13 it is

observed that voltage across capacitors C1, C3 is 240v and voltage across capacitor C2,

C4 is 9v.Voltage across the capacitors can be calculated from equations (4.13) and (4.14).



Figure 7.14 Output voltage of proposed converter

FIG.7.14 shows the output voltage of the proposed converter. The x axis

represents time in seconds and y axis represents voltage in volts. From Fig 7.14 it can

observe that output voltage of proposed converter is 250V.The voltage gain and

efficiency can be calculated by the equation given below.

=



Thus it is observed from above equation without extreme duty ratios and the numerous

turns-ratios of a coupled inductor, this converter achieves a high step-up voltage-

conversion ratio; the leakage inductor energy of the coupled inductor is efficiently

recycled to the load and they is very low ripple content in the output .

7.5 HARWARE RESULTS OF PROPOSED CONVERTER

In this section the hardware results of high step up dc-dc converter is discussed.

The electrical specifications of high step up dc-dc converter are Vin = 7 V, Vo =105 V,

Fs = 50 kHz, RL = 1000Ω. C1 = C2 =4.7µF, C3 =1µF.N = 5, D = as 55%.

Figure 7.15 Gate pulses to switch S1.

Fig 7.15 shows the gate control signals to the switch S1.The switching frequency is

50 kHz and it operates at 0.5 duty cycle as shown above.

Figure 7.16 Voltage across diode D2, D3.

high voltage gain ,high step up dc-dc converter report_2

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