HIGH PRESSURE STUDIES IN MINERALOGY AT

ESRF SYNCHROTRONDavide Levy

European Synchrotron Radiation Facilities,

BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble CEDEX, France

E-mail: Levy@ESRF.FR

• PRESSURE (bar)• 10-31 Non equilibrium "pressure" of hydrogen gas in intergalactic space.

• 10-22 Non equilibrium "pressure" of cosmic microwave background radiation.

• 10-19 Pressure in interplanetary space.

• 10-16 Best vacuum achieved in laboratory.

• 10-13 Atmospheric pressure at altitude of 300 miles.

• 10-10 Pressure of strong sunlight at surface of earth.

• 10-7 Partial pressure of hydrogen in atmosphere at sea level.

• 10-6 Best vacuum attainable with mechanical pump.-Radiation pressure at surface of sun.

• 10-4 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmosphere at sea level.

• 10-3 Vapour pressure of water at triple point of water.

• 10-2 Pressure inside light bulb.

• 10-1 Atmospheric pressure at summit of Mount Everest.

• 1 Atmospheric pressure at sea level.

• 10 Maximum pressure inside cylinder of high compression engine-Air pressure in high-pressure bicycle tyre.

• 102 Steam pressure in boiler of a power plant.-Peak pressure of fist on concrete during karate strike.

• 103 Pressure at greatest depths in oceans.

• 104 Pressure at which mercury solidifies at room temperature.-Pressure at which graphite becomes diamond.

• 105 Highest pressure attainable in laboratory before diamond anvil cell

• 106 Highest pressure achieved with diamond anvil cell-Pressure at centre of Earth.

• 107 Pressure at centre of Saturn.

• 108 Pressure at centre of Jupiter- Radiation pressure at centre of sun.

• 1010 Pressure at centre of sun.

• 1016 Pressure at centre of red-giant star- Pressure at centre of white-dwarf star.

• 1025 Pressure at centre of super-dense star.

• 1028 Pressure at centre of neutron star.

The High Pressure mineralogy at ID9

• Instrumentation:-general features-optics-Diamond Anvil Cell-ruby fluorescence system

• Mineralogical studies at HP:-Spinels-Andradite-Omphacite -Zeolite (scolecite)

Principal features of ID9

• Insertion devices: 70mm Wiggler 46mm Ondulator

• Optics for HP:Vertical mirrorBended Laue monochromator(Bragg-Bragg monochromator)

• Beam dimension: 30x30m (typical) 15x15m (possible)

Optics Hutch

Storage Ring

Be Window

Front-end

Tunnel Wall

Primary and Secondary

Slits 1

Absorber

Mirror

Monochromator Slits

Monochromator

Monochromator Beamstop

Mirror 2

Secondary Slits 2

Beamstop

Hutch Wall

Beam to ID9 HP

Beam to ID9 TR

Experimental Hutch

Hutch Wall

H & V Slits

Laue Monochromator

H & V Slits

Absorber

Fluorescence Shield

Cleaning Slits

DAC

Image Plate

Beamstop

Laue Bended Monochromator

White Beam

BenderMonochromator

Cooling water

Diamond Anvil Cell (2)

Diamond Anvil Cell (3)

Gas in Gas out

Diamond Anvil Cell (1)

Pressure Determination

Ruby Laser

Spectrometer

6900 7000 7100 7200

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Spinel at HP (1)

Spinel at HP (2)

Spinel at HP (3)

ZnFe2O4 HP-PhaseFe3O4 HP-Phase(Fei et al. 1999)

Andradite at HP (1)

Andradite at HP (2)

Oxigen position vs. P

P (GPa)

0 10 20 30 40

x,y,

z (F

rac.

coo

rdin

ates

)

0.030

0.035

0.040

0.045

0.050

0.055

0.650

0.655

0.660

0.665

P vs X P vs Y P vs Z

Cell edge Vs. P

P (GPa)

0 10 20 30 40a

(Å)

11.3

11.4

11.5

11.6

11.7

11.8

11.9

12.0

12.1

Omphacite-P2/n at HP (1)

Omphacite at HP (2)

Cell edges vs. P

P (GPa)

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Cell

Edge

s (Å

)

9.0

9.1

9.2

9.3

9.4

9.5

9.6

9.7

9.8

9.9

10.0

8.0

8.5

9.0

5.0

5.5

6.0

angle vs. P

P (GPa)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

(d

egre

e)

106

107

a

c

b

Zeolites at HP