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High Dynamic Range Better Pixels for better TV
Arnd Paulsen 10. February 2016
Table of Contents
Overview / Status
Consumer Research
Technical Deep Dive
Summary
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
High Dynamic Range
Better Pixels for better TV
Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart) Page 2
Overview / Status
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 3
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
4
HIGHER
RESOLUTION (e.g. UHD and above)
MORE PIXELS
GREATER
COLOR
GAMUT (More Colorful
Pixels)
BETTER PIXELS
HIGHER
FRAME RATE (HFR)
FASTER PIXELS
LARGER
LUMINANCE
RANGE (Brighter and
Darker Pixels)
Enabled by Dolby Vision
Next Generation Visual Experience
Not all of these elements have to be combined simultaneously.
Page 4 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Brightness in natural Settings
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
Luminous intensity is a photometric quantity measured in lumens per steradian (lm/sr), or candela (cd).
Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2).
A non-SI term for the same unit is the "nit". Often the backlight of a TV panel is characterized by a number of several hundreds nits.
(Source Wikipedia)
15 Nits
133.000 Nits
15 Nits 0,25 Nits
173.000 Nits
15 Nits
300 Nits
185 Nits
300.000 Nits
6000 Nits
10.000 Nits
Page 5
What We
See
Human Visual
Adaptation
Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Image Delivery to the Human Eye
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 6 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Content Creation and Delivery Workflow
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 7 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Content Delivery in Today’s Blu-ray Infrastructure
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 8 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Consumer Research Brightness & Blacks HDR vs. Standard Today
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 9
Experimental Display (Dolby Research)
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
This display consists of a digital cinema projector pointed at a 23” monochrome LCD panel.
The digital projector image and the LCD panel are dual modulated to create a display capable of a black level of 0.004 cd/m2 and a peak white level of 20,000 cd/m2.
Page 10 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
When exposed to two displays,
9 out of 10 of consumers
surveyed could see a marked
difference and preferred the TV
with Dolby Vision technology
versus a standard HD display
Technical Deep Dive Color Gamut and Brightness
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 12
Color Gamut
• CIE 1976 u’,v’ diagram:
– more perceptually uniform than CIE 1931 x,y
• Key Gamuts:
– Rec 2020 primaries
– DCI P3
– Rec 709
– Pointer’s Gamut of real-world colors (ignores color light sources)
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
But Color Gamut does NOT describe the human color perception Color Volume
Page 13 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Distinction between color gamut area and color volume
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
• When comparing color gamuts, the brightness (intensity) is often neglected
• To describe how a color appears to a human (color appearance), need both color and it’s intensity
• Use the range of colors and intensities to describe a color volume
– The palette of all available colors to render artistic intent
• Need a very bright white in order to get a bright color!
– P3 blue is only 7nits with 100nit white
– …36nits with 500nit white
– …722nits with 10Knit white
Page 14 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Distinction between color gamut area and color volume
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
• When comparing color gamuts, the brightness (intensity) is often neglected
• To describe how a color appears to a human (color appearance), need both color and it’s intensity
• Use the range of colors and intensities to describe a color volume
– The palette of all available colors to render artistic intent
• Need a very bright white in order to get a bright color!
– P3 blue is only 7nits with 100nit white
– …36nits with 500nit white
– …722nits with 10Knit white
Page 15 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Color Volume of Dolby Pulsar Display
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
• Dolby monitor
– 4000nit
– P3
– 2011
• Used for grading images on the following slides
Dolby Pulsar 4000nits Rec709, 100nits
Page 16 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Flowers
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
Out of Gamut Pixels
In Gamut Pixels
Rec709, 100nits
Page 17 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Flames
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
Out of Gamut Pixels
In Gamut Pixels
Rec709, 100nits
Page 18 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Cars 1
Out of Gamut Pixels
In Gamut Pixels
Rec709, 100nits
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 19 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Problems with today’s Consumer Digital Video Content Delivery System
Consumer displays support more dynamic range and gamut than present in today’s Blu-Ray, DTV, OTT video signal
Today’s video signal can’t carry all relevant information
Display Mapping controlled by Metadata
is important.
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 20 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
HDR Delivery in the Entertainment Ecosystem
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 21 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Limitation by Standard
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 22
Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-5 (April 2002) defines parameter values for the HDTV, e.g. the well known color gamut implemented in all displays as of today.
Recommendation ITU-R BT.1886 (March 2011) defines the Reference electro-optical transfer function (EOTF) for HDTV flat panel displays.
The color gamut (as defined by the rare earth phosphors used)
The brightness was limited to ~100 candela/m2
UHD as specified in Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020 (June 2014) was the first standard to partially break free from these constraints, however it retained
– the 100 candela/m2 CRT reference brightness limit and
– the corresponding Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) based on the gamma characteristic of the CRT.
Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Industry Standards leading towards HDR
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 23
The Standard SMPTE ST 2084 (2014) defines a High Dynamic Range Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) for Mastering Reference Displays, not based on the Gamma curve of a CRT, but directly based on the contrast sensitivity ratio of the human eye (PQ – Perceptual Quantizer).
ITU-R BT.2100 defines PQ and HLG
Mastering: The Standard SMPTE ST 2086 (2014) Mastering Metadata (Color Volume Metadata, static Metadata).
Distribution: A new standard is in progress SMPTE ST.2094 and beyond for the definition of “Content-Dependent Metadata for Color Volume Transformation of High Luminance and Wide Color Gamut Images” (dynamic Metadata).
HDMI 2.0a supports PQ and SMPTE 2086 static metadata (BD-Player -> TV) – HDR10
Submissions to DVB have been made (key words PQ10, HLG10)
Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Summary And HDR Proposals
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 24
Better Pixels - The Difference
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
Enabling creation and distribution of content with High Dynamic Range and Wide Color Gamut
Today’s Consumer Experience HDR Consumer Experience
Page 25 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Today’s Consumer Experience HDR Consumer Experience
http://www.dolby.com/us/en/brands/dolby-vision.html
Dolby Vision Flexibility
Works across device, resolutions, and content types.
The signal sends both a base layer for non Dolby Vision TVs and enhancement layer which contains the Dolby Vision metadata
Page 27 HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
Dolby Vision Compatibility
Accommodates a range of next generation formats.
Delivers ultimate experience with Dolby Vision mastered content and remains backwards-compatible to standard SDR devices.
Page 28 HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
Base Layer (e.g. as of today: BT.709 Color, BT.1886 Gamma)
Standard Dynamic Range Experience
on today‘s TV
Best Dolby Vision Experience
Dolby Vision Enhancement Layer
Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
HDR System Proposals (WiP, tbc, Stand IBC 2015)
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
Dolby Vision:
Rec 709/Rec 2020/XYZ (any display gamut), PQ with MD (14-bit ‘gamma equivalent’) - single layer (non-backwards
compatible) | dual layer (backwards-compatible, uncompromised)
JTP joint Philips/Technicolor
HLG joint BBC/NHK (Hybrid Log Gamma)
Sony: SLOG-3
…
HDR10: UHD Blu-ray Disc base layer for HDR (10-bit), no defined display mapping (hence up to the TV manufacturer)
HDMI 2.0a supports PQ and SMPTE 2086 static metadata to support HDR10 / BDA FE source devices to connect to TVs. This is one of the most relevant HDR standardization effort that already concluded.
Page 29 Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
IFA’2016 – HDR bei allen Marken gesehen (alphabetically)
• Grundig
• Hisense
• Loewe (Dolby Vision)
• LG (Dolby Vision)
• Panasonic
• Philips
• Samsung
• Sharp
• Skyworth (Dolby Vision)
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 30
• HDR oft unspezifisch (ohne konkrete Formatangabe)
• Dafür Abgrenzung mittels (Marketing-) Eigennamen:
– HDR, HDR +, HDR Perfect, HDR1000, X-tended Dyn. Range, …
• Viele Vergleichsdemonstrationen (SDR/HDR, WGC, HFR, OLED/Quantum Dots), gut gemachte Schaubilder/Experimente
• Live HDR broadcasting
• Sony
• TCL (Dolby Vision)
• Toshiba
• Vestel (Dolby Vision)
• uvam.
Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
IFA’2016 – HDR-Formate
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Page 31
• HDR-Formate, Versuch einer Positionierung
– HLG
– HDR10
– Dolby Vision
Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)
JANUARY 26, 2016 Page 32 HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
www.dolby.com/dolby-cinema
Dolby Vision Titles Online (Netflix, VUDU)
Page 33 HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
Über 100h Dolby Vision bei Netflix
(auch in Deutschland)
HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.
Questions?
Arnd Paulsen
www.dolby.com/vision
Page 34