(Also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expression)

(Started in 1970’s)

Name – Rohit Arora Ruchika Purohit Sakshi Chauhan Roshan Jangid

•Display of building’s structural, functional and technical components.

•Buildings were made by orderly arrangement of pre-fabricated materials, such as glass panels etc.

•Glass walls and steel frames were immensely popular.

•The idea of ‘revealed’ structure came into consideration.

•Hi-technology was used to minimize the energy consumption and make the building more eco-friendly.

Main pioneers of hi-tech architecture – Sir Norman Foster , Sir Richard Rogers

Sir Michael Hopkins , Renzo Piano

• The structural members of building are not hidden from the outsiders.

• Every part is visible.

• Steel frames are used not only as structural members but also as aesthetic members .

Examples of hi-tech building – Pompiduo Centre , HSBC bank HQ , Lloyd’s Building , World Trade Centre etc.

Pompiduo Centre

Llyod’s Building

Reichstag , Berlin

• Norman Foster was born in Manchester, England in 1935.• He went to private school and grammar school but left early to earn a living.• After leaving school he worked for two years in the city treasurer’s office, studied commercial law.• He entered Manchester University School of Architecture and City Planning when he was 21 (1956) and graduated in 1961.• Master’s Degree in Architecture from Yale University• Foster Associates (now known as Foster and Partners) was founded in 1967 and now has offices in London, Berlin, and Singapore, with over 500 employees worldwide.• Foster and Partners has received over 190 awards and has won over 50 national and international competitions.• In 1999 he was was awarded the 21st Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate.

Introduction

PHILOSOPHY

•The structure that holds it up;•The services that allow it to work;• The ecology of the building – -Naturally ventilated, whether you can open the windows, the quality of light;•The materials used, their mass or their lightness; •The character of the spaces;•The relationship of the buildings to the skyline or streetscape; •The way in which the building signals its presence in the city or the countryside.

•Sir Norman Foster’s buildings have dynamic appearance and yet very environmentally aware.

•Designs are environmentally friendly. His design process includes ways to reduce elements that are harmful to the environment such as carbon dioxide emissions, greenhouse gases and fuel consumption. • Each detail is carefully planned ,space is always taken into consideration.• Foster’s designs have many bold shapes and• uses colour to enhance and emphasize his work includes – - everything from door handles and tables to airports, bridges, and office buildings. •He doesn’t limit himself in the design world to just one field, • Works on small as well as big projects and the big projects become famous .• Foster’s advances in the design has allowed him to alter many architectural rules

Elements

Hong kong and Shanghai bank-

•He wanted to create a building that was not solely a bank• Wanted change in current trend of building skyscrapers. • Hated the idea of a central service core, pushing service areas to the edge of the building in his design.•Structural steel frames supported the floors.• Positioning of elevators, banking halls and atrium done in accordance with feng-shui .• The atrium pulls light into the heart of the building and pushes it through the building, penetrating all spaces.•Foster pushed the elevators to the very edge of the building, thus opening interior space and allowing more flexibility. Glass and steel appearance from interior and exterior.

Reichstag –• Roof- having the symbolic import of unification, ecological function by collecting and conserving solar energy and also handling natural ventilation•Obsession with light•This dome funnels light into the building during the daytime.•Dome is completely transparent ,suggesting that democracy should be transparent and inviting.•Use of high-technology, all of the elements inthe building were computer tested and even the dome was subjected to computer wind simulations in order to maximize space and minimize excess. • Its power station also burns a special linseed fuel mixture, based on corn oil, not fossil fuels, minimizing energy consumption.•At night the mirrors,which bring daylight into the chamber work in reverse by acting as a signal on theskyline to show that Parliament was in session.

The tallest building in Europe, demonstrates that sustainable energy conscious design is possible at the scale of the skyscraper.

Development of plan -

•The plan of the tower is triangular, giving the form of three “petals” with a central “stem.” •central atrium space.•layout includes a core area for circulation, mechanical, and other basic building needs.•core functions were pushed to theouter corners of the building to make way for the atrium space.•brings light directly to theinterior offices and the heart of the structure.

Commerz bank , Frankfurt ,Germany

•The distinctive outer shell and unique framework.•10 storey building.•Oval form enables the building to perform consuming only the minimum amount of energy necessary.

•Use of steel formwork for the slab results in a reduction of costs in construction waste.

•The inclined steel column system -cost effectiveness, -simplicity, -easily constructed•Circular steel columns 508 mm in diameter are lined up on top of each other connection from floor to floor and are angled to line up with the floor plate

London City Hall

•The roof of City Hall is provided with a completed installation of photovoltaic solar panels.• Running along the interior atrium is a stepped ramp which continues spiraling up above the debating chamber.

Foster’s Design Elements

Light :•Through harnessing and collection of light, individuals feel close to nature.•Consideration of light and its effects on thestructure.•His commercial buildings have a central atrium that draws light to the core of the building.•Believes light has a healing function, -one that keeps individuals sane in a busy modern world.•In Reichstag, Foster uses light to remind German citizens that building serves as their democratic center.•The Willis-Faber & Dumas building’s walls of glass become transparent at night, allowing outsiders to see inside.

Layers:• Foster likes to play with different layers sending message. •The Reichstag has public viewing areasabove political buildings to send the message that- politics should work to support the citizen.•Reichstag also layers the idea of old and new,

High-tech:using high-tech equipment andpushing the edge of structural engineering, he is able to push the edge of architectural designing. High-tech buildings are more flexible, and thus more distinctive. A high-tech building, is also energy efficient

•Environmentally aware in designs and creates ecologically sensitive buildings.

•He uses lines to form organic shapes. skeleton of the outside of the building is visible to the eyerather than hiding it .

• Many spaces inside are enclosed in glass and almost cause you to feel as though you are outside.

•Puts a lot of thought into-how his designs will make us feel once you’re interacting with them through the use of different materials and thespace of an area

•He has designed structures inTokyo, Hong Kong, London, Barcelona. Many of his designs have been named as a“landmark”

Conclusion

Born On: July 23rd 1933

Richard George Rogers, born on July 23rd 1933 in Florence, is an Italian born British architect known for his modernist and functionalist designs.

Rogers attended the Architectural Association School of Architecture  in London, before graduating with a master's degree from the Yale School of Architecture in 1962.

He had a very environmental conception of designs.

The notion of social integration is one of the other most important points of the Richard Rogers’ architectural concept.

 According to him social problems can find solutions in the construction of “compact cities with multiple centers”.

Richard Rogers’ architectural philosophy’s topics are legible, transparent, lightweight, systems, urban, public and green.

Pompidou Centre, Paris.

Lloyds building and Millennium dome, London

European courts of Human Rights Building, Strasbourg

The Lloyd’s Building(referred to as the inside–out building) is the home of the insurance institution Lloyd’s of London, and is located at 1, Lime street, in the City of London.

The building was designed by architect Richard Rogers and built between 1978 and 1986.

It is a leading example of radical Bowellism architecture in which the services for the building, such as ducts and lifts, are located on the exterior to maximize space in the interior.

The building was innovative in having its services such as staircases, lifts, electrical power conduits and water pipes on the outside, leaving an uncluttered space inside.

The building consists of three main towers and three service towers around a central, rectangular space. Its core is the large Underwriting Room on the ground floor, which houses the famous Lutine Bell.

The Underwriting Room (often simply known as "the Room") is overlooked by galleries, forming a 60 meters (197 ft) high atrium lit naturally through a huge barrel-vaulted glass roof. The first four galleries open onto the atrium space, and are connected by escalators through the middle of the structure. The higher floors are glassed in, and can only be reached via the outside lifts.

The 11th floor houses the Committee Room, an 18th century dining room designed for the 2nd Earl of Shelburne by Robert Adam in 1763; it was transferred piece by piece from the previous (1958) Lloyd's building across the road.

The Lloyd's building is 88 metres (289 ft) to the roof, with 14 floors. On top of each service core stand the cleaning cranes, increasing the overall height to 95.10 metres (312 ft). Modular in plan, each floor can be altered by addition or removal of partitions and walls.

Designed in 1989 by Richard Rogers

The building was designed in 1989 by the Richard Rogers Partnership Ltd (London) and Claude Bucher (Strasbourg).

They intended to create a "symbolic landmark but not a monument".

They also, due to the nature of the court, wanted to make it more welcoming and open rather than fortress-like.

The building relies on natural light and ventilation, except the light entrance hall which is air conditioned in an energy saving manner.

The two main organs of the court, the court and commission, occupy two large circular chambers each side and offices are located in a "tail" stretching behind the building.

Renzo Piano was born on September 14, 1937 in Genoa (Italy), in the bosom of a wealthy family of construction companies. also played a strong teaching and taught at his alma mater, the Milan Polytechnic and at the Architectural Association School in London. After a few early projects that failed to the drawing board in 1971 won a contest that would change their lives: the construction of the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris. The building, as was the case in the past with another famous landmark, the Eiffel Tower was controversial from the start.

ARCHITECT: RENZO PIANO

Renzo performs in its early designs that break traditional paradigms in architecture such as authorship, the durability or the same spatial rigidity, projects what he called "adaptable spaces"

Pompidou centre

Garrone house

Recognized as an Architect, "adaptive", creator and visionary

CHARACTERIZEd by:

Its architecture is defined as solid construction made by excellent materials .

Take advantage of the topography to the relationship between the internal spaces and also to the outside.

History is characterized by using building material.

Renzo Piano designed a building capable of integrating with nature, in tribute to one of the most prolific and profound artists of modern times.

HIs PHRAsEs

"Architecture is a service."

"Architecture is an artistic craft, but at the same time it is also a scientific profession, it is precisely its distinctiveness" - Renzo Piano

"When style gets to become a brand, a personal seal, this becomes a cage"

"The architect is first and foremost a builder, but also should be a poet, and above all a humanist''

RENZO PIANO: ECOLOGICAL Innovator

For the great Italian architect Renzo Piano, the protection of the environment, far from being a limitation, it has become a "source of inspiration" for the development of major projects being undertaken in many countries.

CENTRO PAUL KLEE

Longitudinal section

Transverse section

concept:

Piano The guiding idea was to create something more than a museum.

Renzo Piano was the lightness of the artist's sense of belonging and light. It was therefore decided to create a place, raise the land, making land available for a work of art itself. As if it were more of a survey done by a knowledgeable farmer, rather than the result of an architectural methodology.So he designed three hills. Three waves that rise and from the ground. With different dimensions, the three waves traverse the ground like a sculpture or the result of the same nature.

Each has a different function undulations therein.The first and larger, a 400-seat auditorium, and art workshops for children.In the second wave, the middle, smaller than the first, is the permanent collection of Paul Klee, and temporary exhibition spaces dedicated toIn the third one, the least of all, lies the research and management.

Space :

•The design of the Zentrum Paul Klee is characterized by the structure of corrugated steel deck. These beams have the complex curves neither is equal to the other, since the wave form extends from the front to the back where it is lost together with the ground, and each "wave" has different height.

•Each of the curved steel beams with different weights, has been constructed individually.

•After reviewing alternative materials such as aluminum, copper and titanium, it was decided to use a hardened cover. The ecological criteria, economic and technical were decisive for this choice.

FORM:

CENTRO CULTURAL

JEAN-MARIE Tjibaou

BUILT IN: 1991-1998LOCATION: Noumea, New Caledonia

Longitudinal section:

Introduction:

Its architecture evokes the vernacular Kanak huts of New Caledonia and still has a very modern feel. It is a community center, and in turn educational museum.

Characterstics:

•The project design is intended to take advantage of natural winds coming from the Pacific Ocean. The exterior is made of wood, wind filter a second layer of glass shutters that open and close natural ventilation.

•The complex is built entirely of iroko wood very resistant to moisture and insects. This wood was imported from Ghana.

•Iroko structure provides a comb-shaped. Evocative of the cabins and craftsmanship Kanak, the slender ribs of the structure and the slats that are joined seamlessly integrated both in the lush landscape and the culture of its inhabitants.

• The wood siding and stainless steel, is based on the form of regional huts Kanakas. These structures resemble traditional structural elements such as herringbone struts that prevent buckling of long beams.

Academy of Sciences, California

Longitudinal section

Characteristics:

• The Academy of Sciences in California is the most current museum by Renzo Piano, which delivers an enlightened and sustainable solution to a building designed in the year 1934 with an avant-garde design.

• The museum consists of very unique areas such as an aquarium, a planetarium and a reserve green on the inside, in addition to the various exhibition galleries, which, unlike traditional galleries, were designed for receiving large amount of natural light.

•Heat by radiant slab reduces the need for energy by 5-10%.

•The architect implemented heat recovery systems.

•The green roof creates thermal insulation, which makes it unnecessary to resort to air conditioning systems.

•High-efficiency glass was used throughout the building.

•To keep the museum pieces in the moisture content required, it uses a system of moisture by reverse osmosis.

•Recycled building material is used.

•90% of the spaces have natural light and outdoor views.

•The undulating line of sky allows ventilation to the central square, which disperses the cool air into the exhibition spaces.

•The skylights are placed strategically so as to illuminate the forest reserve and the aquarium.

•Absorption and reusing rainwater make the building extremely efficient.

•To operate the sanitary equipment, reclaimed water from the city of San Francisco is used.

•The saltwater for the aquarium will be carried from the Pacific Ocean.

Submitted by - Rohit Arora

Ruchika purohit

Sakshi chauhan

Roshan jangid