hemp cultivation
TRANSCRIPT
Hemp Cultivation: Yes I Cannabis
ThomasO’ConnellBrianRubinoBuzzyShaulBethSpergelAkbarAlikhan
Hemp vs. Marijuana
• UnitedStatesNa>onalIns>tuteofHealth,UniversityofMississippimarijuanaplanta>onsite,showingvaria>oninplantsize.Atallfiber-typeofhempplantisshownatleJ,andashortnarco>cvariety(iden>fiedas“PanamaGold”)atright.
Hemp vs. Marijuana
Differenceastohowmarijuanaandhempwouldappearinthefield.
Cannabis sativa • species from which both hemp and marijuana are derived • single plant genus that contains cannabinoids
- delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
o psychoactive ingredient - cannabidiol (CBD)
o an antipsychoactive ingredient
Industrial hemp has trace levels of THC and high levels of CBD Marijuana, one the other hand, has high levels of THC and low levels of CBD
Uses of Hemp
• BenefitsofHemp• oneoftheEarth’smostlucra>ve
biomassresources– canproducetentonsperacrein
approximatelyfourmonths• Fuel• Food• Paper• Biodegradableplas>cs• Par>cleboard• Animalbedding• tex>les• requiresminimal,ifany,biocides,
pes>cidesand/orherbicides• approximately25,000knownuses
Dietary Advantages
Food-nutri>ousfoodsource-containsallessen>alaminoacidsandessen>alfaZyacids-33%purediges>bleprotein-Advantagesoversoybean
Avarietyofstudieshavedocumentedtheimportanceofthera>oofOmega3toOmega6consump>on.Hempseedoilistheclosesttothisop>mumra>oofanynaturallyoccurringoil.Hempseedoilhasara>oofatleastone-to-three,Omega3toOmega6.Oilswithunbalancedra>oshavebeenshowntohavedetrimentalphysiologicaleffects.
Industrial Advantages
Paper• Oneacreofhempcanproduce
asmuchuseablefiberasfouracresoftreesortwoacresofcoZon
• Hempcanbecul>vatedinasliZleas100days
• Acid-free• Chlorine-free• Comparedtopapermadefrom
trees,hemppaperis:– Stronger– Longerlas>ng – Canberecycledmore>mes
• Wouldhelppreventdeforesta>onandlossofbiodiversity
AdvantagesovercoZon• warmer• stronger• morewaterabsorbent• moredurable• UVresistant• Frostresistant• RequiresliZle,ifany,biocides,pes>cides
and/orherbicides,whereascoZonrequiresmany
Government Opinion
Hempregula>oninCanada• Strictlicensingprocess• Onlygovernmentapprovedlow-THChempgrownand
purchasedfromauthorizedseedvendors• Applicantbackgroundchecks• GPScoordinatesofhempfields• Randominspec>onsandtes>ng
Government Opinion USGovernment’sViewTowardsIndustrialHemp
• Notposi>ve• TheUnitedStatesNa>onalIns>tuteonDrugAbuse(NIDA)voicesseveralbasicfearsabout
legalizinghemp:
– (1)growingCannabisplantsmakeslawenforcementmoredifficult,becauseoftheneedtoensurethatallplantscul>vatedarelegi>mate
– (2)u>liza>onofindustrialhempproductsmaymakemarijuanausemoreacceptable– (3)manyofthemovementssupportersarepro-marijuanaadvocates– 4)THC(andperhapsothercons>tuents)inCannabisaresoharmfulthattheirpresencein
anyamountinanymaterial(food,medicineorevenfiberproduct)representsahealthhazardthatisbestdealtwithbyatotalprohibi>on
U.S. Opposition to Domestic Hemp Cultivation
• Hemp’sLinktoMarijuana
– Culturalpercep>onscauselowdesiretolegalizecul>va>on– Hempandhempproductshaveanega>vesocialconnota>on– Poli>calandsocialopposi>onisunfoundedduetoscien>ficevidence– Hempshouldnotbeclassifiedasadrugorassociatedwithmarijuana– U.S.DEAhasobjectedtodomes>chempcul>va>onduetopoten>alregula>onexpenses– Hempcul>va>oncouldeliminateillegallygrownmarijuana
U.S. Opposition to Domestic Hemp Cultivation
• Capitalis>cgreedcausedhemp’scurrentlegalstatus
– Hempwasregulatedasanagriculturalproductduringearly20thcentury– DuPont’sprofitablepes>cideandherbicidebusinessthreatenedbyhemp– Hearst’snega>vepublicityofhempdueto>mberinvestments– Today:Hempisathreattopowerfulestablishedlobbyingindustries
• Rawmaterials:i.e.coZon,>mber,oil• Manufacturing:i.e.paper,plas>cs,ethanol
– Ini>alchangetohempcul>va>oncouldbecostly,butul>matelymoreprofitableandsustainable
Case Study – Hemp Legalization in North Dakota
• 2005-NorthDakotalegalizesgrowthofhemp,providedfarmersacquirelicenses.• January2007,MonsonandHaugeacquiredlicensesfromthestate.• February2007,AppliedtoFederalDEAforlicensestogrowhemp.Askfordecisionsby
April1(with>metoplantbeforetheendofthegrowingseason). • June2007–MonsonandHaugefilelawsuitagainstDEAfordelay• Con>nualbaZlebetweenfarmersandDEA
Benefits of Farming Hemp in North Dakota
• Farmingisalargepartoftheeconomy• 1993,Scab,afungusalsoknownasFusarium,
DestroyswheatcropinN.D.• HempgrowsverywillinCanada,justnorthof
N.D.• Hempsuitstherockysoilinthearea
Opposition
• Opponentsofthislegaliza>onclaimthatthereisreallynoeconomicbenefittolegalizingHemp.
• Claimthatthefarmersarebeingusedbythe
marijuanaadvocates-theonlypeoplewhowouldbenefitfromthislegaliza>on.
Rationale
• “Thisisnotanysubversivethingliketryingtolegalizemarijuanaorwhatever.Thisisjustprac>calagriculture.We’redesperateforsomethingthatcanmakeussomemoney.”
-DavidC.Monson,Farmer,highschoolprincipalandRepublicanstatelegislatorinNorthDakota
IfHempproduc-onisprofitable,thenworldproduc-onwillbethrivingand
tradevigorous
• Neveranydebateoverlegalityofcrop• World’slargestproducerofHempfibersandHempseed-largeforceofcheaplabor
• AlthoughChinacontributes40.6%oftotalworldcrop,itoccupiesonly0.3%ofthe
country’sagriculturalacreage• IncreasingforeigndemandforHempproducts,drivenbyEuropeanandNorthAmerican
consumers• Foreignpriceishigh,butDomes>cpriceremainslow• PoorMarketStructure=PoorResponse• ChinesepoliciesfavorGrainproduc>on• Hempisnotapriorityofthestatewhendeterminingmarkets.But,ChineseNa>onal
HempIndustryhaspushedformoreResearchandDevelopment,aswellasbeZertechnologies
• Hempiscurrentlyat10%ofstate’sCoZonoutput,20%isprojectedgoal
Case Study #1: People’s Republic of China
Case Study #2: European Union
• Licensing– THCinplantmustbelessthan0.2%(ascomparedto15%innarco>cCannabis)– ThereIsasetamountofonly14varie>es,experimenta>oninbreedingisdiscouraged
• Formalapplica>onrequiredwithinten>onofareatobeusedforcul>va>on
• Subsidies– Sampleofcropmustbesentinfortes>ng– Begunin1988,butamounthasdecreasedduetoreportedproblemswithillegaldrug
ac>vity– Recentlyrenewed=90€
• HempforEuropecampaign– massiveResearchandDevelopmenteffort
. . . and Canada
• ToobtainalicensefromMinistryofHealth,THC<0.3%• Hemptradeonlypossiblewithcertainlicensedcountrieswithrestric>ons
• NoWholePlants!
• Chemicalprocessingtechnologytoremovepec>n
– createsawhiter,soJer,fabric
Why isn’t the world market thriving? • An>-Narco>cslawsnecessitateregula>onandlotsofredtapeinEuropeandCanada-
tradeseverelylimited• InChina,acaseofins>tu>onalfailureinbuildinganinterna>onalmarket• Notruecosteffec>vemeansofprocessingtheplantforfiberandvariousother
components– technologylacking
• IndustrialHempfacescompe>>onfromestablishedcommodi>eslikeCoZon(tex>les),Timber(paper),Soy(food),andPetroleum(oilsandplas>cs)
• Nota“miracle”plant-differentvarie>esarenecessarytoyielddifferentproducts• Na>onofgreatestconsump>on(U.S.)islargelyoutofthepicture• HempneedsachancetomovebeyondtheNoveltyproductsoldinHealthFoodstoresand“Hand-BlownGlass”shops
Potential Certainly Exists
• CaliforniafirmHempteches>matedInterna>onalMarketvalue
– 75million€in1995– 1.5billion€in2001…andgrowing!
• AmericanentryintothemarketandgreateravailabilityofHempproductstoAmericanconsumerscouldturnIndustrialHempintothecashcropWashingtonenvisioned
Connection to NTRES 331 Survivalist• Wouldsupportitsefficiency(lesslikelihoodofdeple>on)
– Producesuptotentonsperacreinonly4months– Quicklyrenewableresource
Prometheans• Duetoefficientproduc>on,norealneedtostrictlyconserve-Onlyatransi>onfromone
resourcetoanother
• Hempisthenewalterna>ve– Astradi>onalresourcesdwindle,new(less-expensive)alterna>vethenbecomecommonly
used
Proposed Hemp Governance
Combina>onofTop-DownRegula>onandMarket–Basedincen>vesGovernment’sRole:• SetstandardsformaximumTHCcontent• DeveloplicensingsystemState/LocalRole:• PerformregularTHCanalyses• MaintaincroprecordsMarketBasedIncen>ves• Governmentcouldprovidesubsidiesforhempcul>va>on
– SimilartoEUstrategy• CostsinvolvedwouldhavetooutweighcostsincurredbyGovernment(subsidies,
licensing,etc)AnintegralpartofM&K’sthirdepochtowardssustainability
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