IWSHM Stanford 2013

Activities on Standardization of SHM

Methodologies in Europe Helmut Wenzel

IWSHM 2013

2

Aswan Bridge Jan. 2013

Standardization ?

IWSHM 2013

IRIS Aging Formulation (CEN)

3

IWSHM 2013

4

SHM Standardization Activities in Europe

IWSHM 2013

SHM Standardization Activities in Europe

5

Free Copies

available !

IWSHM 2013

Standardization Objectives

Why

What

Who

Where

When

How

6

IWSHM 2013

Standardization

Why is it so difficult in “Civil”

No standard industrial applications

Almost every structure is a prototype

Wide uncertainties in materials

Big tolerances in properties

Major regional differences

7

IWSHM 2013

Standardization Road Map

Who

All of us (all stakeholders) to reach wide

consensus

Global participation required

8

IWSHM 2013

Standardization Road Map

Where

Everywhere

9

IWSHM 2013

Standardization Road Map

When

Now!

First Stage 2 Years

Learn from Aerospace experience

10

IWSHM 2013

Standardization Road Map

Why (Motivation)

To comply with Owners Procurement

Procedures

To comply with the demand of the

community

To create a basic framework for SHM

applications

11

IWSHM 2013

Europe 12

IWSHM 2013

Lue Turkey

13

IWSHM 2013

Costa Rica 14

IWSHM 2013

Taiwan

15

IWSHM 2013

Bangkok, Inner Ring Road

Bangkok

16

IWSHM 2013

Pag

e 17

China 17

IWSHM 2013

High Speed Railways 18

IWSHM 2013

High Speed Applications (330 km/h)

19

IWSHM 2013

Offshore Structures 20

IWSHM 2013

Standardization Road Map

What

Distinguish between the State of Science

and Technology and the daily practice

Issues where consensus has been

reached within the community

Everything that requires to be reproduced

and compared

21

IWSHM 2013

System Reponse

(Monitoring)

22

IWSHM 2013

Modelling and Identification

(Model based Observer)

23

IWSHM 2013

Life Cycle Engineering

(Life Time and Costs)

24

IWSHM 2013

Risk Model and Quantification

(Effect of Uncertainties)

25

IWSHM 2013

26

Real Time Decision Support Performance

1

2

3

4

5

IWSHM 2013 IRIS Summer Academy 2013

SHM in Action (IRIS Chapter 24)

Earthquake M=6.4 27.3.2013

27

IWSHM 2013

Standardization Road Map

How

There are many best practice documents

already available (compare to ARP –

Aerospace Recommended Practice)

We have to reduce the scope to issues of

common interest and wide consensus

Connect to existing standards (ISO 31000)

28

Standardize Physics

Nationalise Politics

IWSHM 2013

29

Best Practice Document ?

IWSHM 2013

30

Existing Standards

IWSHM 2013

31

Best Practice Document ?

IWSHM 2013

Monitoring and Assessment

32

Currently translated

into Chinese

IWSHM 2013

33

Existing Standards

IWSHM 2013

Risk management principles, framework and

process

ISO 31000

34

IWSHM 2013

35

RISK

IWSHM 2013

= ×

RISK

QUANTIFICATION

Regional

Cluster

Individual

Specific

HA

ZA

RD

Regional

Cluster

Individual

Specific

RIS

K

Regional

Cluster

Individual

Specific VU

LN

ER

AB

ILIT

Y

Building

Taxonomy

Fragility

Manager

Resistance

Model

Visual Inspection

Model Update

Field Test

Results Ingenieurbefund

×

Regional

Cluster

Individual

Specific

EX

PO

SU

RE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5Consequences

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5 Vulnerability

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Hazard

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5 Vulnerability

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5 Vulnerability

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5 Vulnerability

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5 Vulnerability

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5 Vulnerability

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5 Vulnerability

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5 Vulnerability

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Hazard

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Hazard

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Hazard

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Hazard

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Hazard

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Hazard

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Hazard

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Hazard

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5Consequences

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5Consequences

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5Consequences

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5Consequences

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5Consequences

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5Consequences

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5Consequences

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5Consequences

RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK:

Elements and Uncertainties

36

IWSHM 2013

37

Existing Standards

IWSHM 2013

IRIS Aging Formulation (CEN)

38

IWSHM 2013

39

Existing Standards

IWSHM 2013

40

Existing Standards

IWSHM 2013

41

Existing Standards

IWSHM 2013

42

Existing Standards

IWSHM 2013

Incorporation into the process of structural evaluation based on codes/standards

Calculational LIMIT STATES

of

LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY (ULS)

Sd ≤ Rd

OR SERVICEABILITY (SLS) Eurocode

ONR

Recalculation with up-dated structural

information

Bridge Inspection

Possible Impairment of Load-Bearing Capacity

Recalculation Semi-probabilistic Safety Concept

Complied with Verification according

to ÖNORM B 4xxx and ÖNORM EN 19xx

Proper Measures

Evaluation of Reliability

acc. to ÖNORM EN 1990

Complied with Verification according

to ÖNORM B 4xxx and ÖNORM EN 19xx

Proper Measures

Proper Measures

Complied with Reliability Level acc. to ÖNORM and EN

Full Awareness of reduced Reliability

Sta

ge 1

S

tag

e 2

S

tag

e 3

S

tag

e 4

Immediate Measures

MONITORING

Provision of

REAL LOADING

or RESISTANCE

Sd ≤ Rd

43

IWSHM 2013

Proposed Procedure

Let’s build an international core group of

decisive members

Make a priority of issues for international

standardisation

Find a group of engaged young

collaborators for elaboration of the text

Standardize it in a CEN Workshop and

relate it to national activities

If accepted transfer it to ISO

44

IWSHM 2013

Issues for Standardization

1. Definition of the colour scheme for risk

rating (simple and complex)

2. Compensation of environmental and

loading influences on monitoring field data

3. Procedure for fatigue life monitoring and

assessment

4. Format for data exchange and meta data,

joint multi lingual glossary

45

4 Issues to start with

IWSHM 2013

Inspection Result International Comparison

Comparative Structural Inspection

D.O.T. DISK DIN 1076 RVS 13.03.11

safe and operational

(minor repair)

safe and operational

unsafe

reduced safety and operability

repair demanded

safe and useable during repair

safe − indicating reduced

operability

USA Netherlands Germany Austria

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1,0 - 1,4

3,5 - 4,0

3,0 - 3,4

2,5 - 2,9

2,0 - 2,4

1,5 - 1,9

1

6

5

4

3

2

1

6

5

4

3

2

Japan Condition

A

E

D

C

B

46

IWSHM 2013

47

RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK:

Risk Quantification #2

» Complex Risk Index

IWSHM 2013

SHM Standardization Activities in Europe

48

Free Copies

available !

IWSHM 2013

Compensation basics in frequency analysis

» Temperature

» Moving loads

» Wind

» Impact energy

» Instrumentation

» Boundary conditions

» Geometry

» Pavement

» Utilities

» Natural sources

» Transfers

» Damage

0 ,total i

i factors

f f f

or

49

IWSHM 2013

1st Eigenfrequency Basing Point Europabrücke 18_03_2004

Pre-assumed consequence of temperature-compensation to the eigenfrequency pattern

f1 [Hz] T [°C]

50

IWSHM 2013

Asphalt Covering - characteristic curve

14000

350

1000

2750

5000

9500

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

-15 -5 5 15 25 35 45

Temp [°C]

Ed

yn

[N

/mm

2]

Flexural rigidity

00:00:00

02:00:00

04:00:00

06:00:00

08:00:00

10:00:00

12:00:00

14:00:00

16:00:00

18:00:00

20:00:00

22:00:00

00:00:00

02000400060008000

Pattern of the asphalt layer‘s flexural rigidity in dependence of temperature

Edyn [N/mm2

]

51

IWSHM 2013

1. Eigenfrequency

00:00:00

02:00:00

04:00:00

06:00:00

08:00:00

10:00:00

12:00:00

14:00:00

16:00:00

18:00:00

20:00:00

22:00:00

00:00:00

0,710 0,720 0,730 0,740 0,750 0,760 0,770

modified 1. Eigenfrequency

00:00:00

02:00:00

04:00:00

06:00:00

08:00:00

10:00:00

12:00:00

14:00:00

16:00:00

18:00:00

20:00:00

22:00:00

00:00:00

0,710 0,720 0,730 0,740 0,750 0,760 0,770

f1 [Hz]

Pattern of 1st Eigenfrequency before and after compensation of temperature

Root-Value of the Moment of Inertia

00:00:00

02:00:00

04:00:00

06:00:00

08:00:00

10:00:00

12:00:00

14:00:00

16:00:00

18:00:00

20:00:00

22:00:00

00:00:00

29000292002940029600

I [cm4]

21

2

2

ii

m

EI

Lπ2

λf

f1 [Hz]

52

IWSHM 2013

Pattern of the modified 1st eigenfrequency being strongly affected by the progression of freight traffic as well as the overall traffic

modified 1. Eigenfrequency

00:00:00

02:00:00

04:00:00

06:00:00

08:00:00

10:00:00

12:00:00

14:00:00

16:00:00

18:00:00

20:00:00

22:00:00

00:00:00

0,710 0,720 0,730 0,740 0,750 0,760 0,770

Heavy Freight traffic

00:00:00

02:00:00

04:00:00

06:00:00

08:00:00

10:00:00

12:00:00

14:00:00

16:00:00

18:00:00

20:00:00

22:00:00

00:00:00

0200400600800

trucks / h

Overall traffic

00:00:00

02:00:00

04:00:00

06:00:00

08:00:00

10:00:00

12:00:00

14:00:00

16:00:00

18:00:00

20:00:00

22:00:00

00:00:00

0100020003000

motor vehicles / h

53

IWSHM 2013

Pattern of 1st Eigenfrequency after compensation of all major impacts

f1 [Hz]

Clear signs of damage

54

IWSHM 2013

Rainflow Matrix Fatigue relevant response cycles at the analysed

structural detail

Damage Matrix Damage Quantification

(consumption of remaining response cycles)

Wöhler Curves considering statistical scatter

Fatigue Life Determination

Fortschreitender Ermüdungsschaden an den Torsionsverbänden

EUROPABRÜCKE

0

100

200

300

400

1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014

Betriebsdauer

[%

] d

er a

ufn

eh

mb

aren

Sch

win

gu

ng

szykle

n

Oberes KnotenblechUnteres Knoteblech100%

55

IWSHM 2013

Funding

A CEN Workshop lasts 2 years maximum

and costs 40.000 US$ in fees

All partners shall carry their own costs for

participation and elaboration from national

funds

We have a project to support this activity

and could offer the organisation and lead

We should have a draft/final document

ready by the next IWSHM in 2015

56

Vienna Consulting Engineers

Summary

| Civil SHM fell behind other sectors

| The community is too fragmented

| Standards could help to break through

| Volunteers welcome !!!!

| Join our lunch meeting (here in Memorial Auditorium)

and become a member of the team

Let’s do it !

wenzel@vce.at 57