heliocentric vs geocentric
DESCRIPTION
A Powerpoint presentation abou the differences between the Heliocentric and Geocentric models and the scientists who believed themTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GEOCENTRICvs.
HELIOCENTRIC
![Page 2: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Age of EnlightenmentA cultural movement of intellectuals in the 17th and 18th centuries, which began first in Europe and later in the American colonies. Its purpose was to reform the way of thinking using reason, challenge related to tradition and faith, and advance knowledge through the scientific method. It promoted scientific thoughts, skepticism and intellectual interchange and completely opposed any kind of superstition, intolerance and some abuses of power by the church and the state.
![Page 3: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
It starts with Scientific Revolution
• The Enlightenment starts with the Scientific Revolution
• People started to question ideas that had been accepted as facts for hundreds of years
![Page 4: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Back then, all knowledge came from the Catholic Church
The Catholic Church and the Bible were the source of what was true and false in the world
![Page 5: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Also…Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophers, such as Aristotle, said what was true about the natural world
![Page 6: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Scientific Revolution• Was a new way of
looking at the natural world
• Traditional ideas were found to be wrong through observation, experimentation, and theories
![Page 7: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
GEOCENTRICGEO = EARTH CENTRIC = CENTER
They believed the Earth was the center of the universe
![Page 8: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
HELIOCENTRIC
HELIO = SUN CENTRIC = CENTER
They believed the sun is the center of the universe
![Page 9: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
AristotleThe spherical Earth is at the center of the universe, and all other heavenly bodies are attached to 47–56 transparent concentric spheres which rotate around the Earth.
![Page 10: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PtolemyPtolemy argued that the Earth was in the center of the universe, from the simple observation that half the stars were above the horizon and half were below the horizon at any time
![Page 11: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Nicolaus CopernicusAll the spheres revolve about the sun as their mid-point, and therefore the sun is the center of the universe.What appear to us as motions of the sun arise not from its motion but from the motion of the earth and our sphere, with which we revolve about the sun like any other planet. The earth has, then, more than one motion.
![Page 12: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Johannes KeplerKepler's Three Laws can be used to describe the motion of the Planets:1. The Planets move in orbits about the Sun that are ellipses
2 . The planets move such that the line between the Sun and the Planet sweeps out the same area in the same area in the same time no matter where in the orbit.
3. The square of the period of the orbit of a planet is proportional to the mean distance from the Sun cubed.
![Page 13: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tycho BraheA Danish astronomer who made measurements of the planet and stars. His measurements were the most accurate that had yet been made.Tycho proposed a system in which all of the planets except for Earth orbited about the Sun. He claimed that the Sun still orbited about the Earth, however.
![Page 14: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sir Isaac Newton Newton derived the law of gravitation between two masses. Since the Sun was the most massive object in the planetary system, all of the planets would naturally be attracted to it and revolve around it, in the same manner as the Moon revolves around the Earth.
![Page 15: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Galileo GalileiGalileo's observations strengthened his belief in Copernicus' theory that Earth and all other planets revolve around the Sun. Most people in Galileo's time believed that the Earth was the center of the universe and that the Sun and planets revolved around it.
![Page 16: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
GalileoGalileo wrote about his observations and thus angered the Roman Catholic Church. The Church eventually placed him under house arrest. The Inquisition was the tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church at this time. The Inquisition made Galileo kneel before them and confess that the heliocentric theory was false.
![Page 17: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The InquisitionA group of decentralized institutions within the judicial system of the Roman Catholic Church whose aim was to "fight against heretics". It started in 12th-century France to combat the spread of heresy and error, and was later expanded to other European countries.
![Page 18: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
“Heresy”a: adherence to a religious opinion contrary to church dogma b: denial of a revealed truth by a baptized member of the Roman Catholic Church
c: an opinion or doctrine contrary to church dogma
a: dissent or deviation from a dominant theory, opinion, or practice b: an opinion, doctrine, or practice contrary to the truth or to generally accepted beliefs or standards
![Page 19: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Galileo was right all alongIn 1992, the Roman Catholic Church finally repealed the ruling of the Inquisition against Galileo. The Church gave a pardon to Galileo and admitted that the heliocentric theory was correct. This pardon came 350 years after Galileo's death.
![Page 20: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Geocentric• Key Ideas:– “Geo” = Earth– “Centric” = Center
• “Earth-centered”
– Earth is the center of the solar system– Earth is stationary (not moving) and everything is moving around us
In your notes, draw a picture of what the geocentric model looks like…
![Page 21: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Geocentric models• Key Limitations:– Did not explain the
apparent motions of some planets (for example, Mars)
– Did not explain all of Earth’s motions, including how a freely-swinging pendulum moves
![Page 22: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Heliocentric• Key Ideas:– “Helio” = Sun– “Centric” = Center
• “Sun-centered”
– The Sun is the center of the solar system
– Earth rotates on its own axis AND revolves around the Sun
In your notes, draw a picture of what the heliocentric model
looks like…
![Page 23: Heliocentric vs Geocentric](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102710/552c5d4e550346690f8b475b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Heliocentric modelsKey Limitations:
The early models used circular orbits did not explain the apparent motions of planets
(BUT… once elliptical orbits and planets’ orbital speeds were added to the model, the planets’ apparent motions could be
explained and even predicted!)