hedgeparsley (torilis japonica spp. in north america • several species in the genus torilis in...
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Biology and control of Japanese hedgeparsley (Torilis japonica)
Mark Renz Extension Weed Specialist
University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Torilis spp. in North America
• Several species in the genus Torilis in North America (all considered invasive/weedy) – spreading hedgeparsley (Torilis arvensis) – Japanese or erect hedgeparsley (Torilis japonica) – bristlefruit hedgeparsley (T. leptophylla) – knotted hedgeparsley (Torilis nodosa) – rough hedgeparsley (Torilis scabra)
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Distribution of Torilis species in US Species PNW West South Central Midwest Northeast
Japanese* X X X X X Spreading^ X X X X X X Bristlefruit X Knotted X X X X X Rough X
* prohibited/restricted in WI ^ prohibited in WI
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Distribution of JHP • According to MIPN present and spreading
throughout the region
• Habitats I have seen it in: – Pastures/grasslands – ROW/roadsides – Forest edges – Forests/woodlands – Urban areas
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Leaves of JHP
• Leaves 2-5 inches long: – pinnately compound – alternate – fern-like – lightly hairy – clasp the stem
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Rosette vs second year leaf
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Flowering Stems
• 2-4 ft tall • spreading • grooved • notably jointed • stiff hairs • few leaves on
upper stems
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Flowers of JHP
• Flowers: Mid- to late summer. – White flowers found in small umbels.
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How do you tell Japanese HP from spreading HP?
JHP has two or more small bracts at the base of each umbel
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Fruit & Seeds of JHP
• Fruits and seeds: – flower produces a pair of bristle-covered fruit – Initially green, but become brown as mature
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Similar species • Wild carrot (Daucus carota)
– not as hairy and has larger, flatter, and denser umbels.
• Caraway (Carum carvi) – shorter and has dark, oblong seeds and leaves more finely
divided
• Sweet cicely (Osmorhiza) – leaves that are not as fern-like
• Wild chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris) – flowers in spring
The bristle-covered seed of hedge-parsleys is a key characteristic to distinguish these two hedge-parsleys from other similar species
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Wild carrot vs JHP
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Japanese hedgeparsley video
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Infestations
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Impact of JHP invasions
• We have no idea!
• Similar to garlic mustard – cycling of populations due to biennial life history – Can dominate areas when in flower
• Competes with native plants • Spread is enhanced by barbed fruit
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Phenology of JHP in Wisconsin Biennial plant in WI
Madison 2010 Vegetative Flower
Buds Flowers Present
Green Fruit Present
Brown Fruit Present
Early July
0 10 45 45 0
Mid-July
0 0 25 75 0
Early Aug.
0 0 0 100 0
Mid-Aug.
0 0 0 40 60
Early Sept. 5 0 0 0 95
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Spring Green 2010 Vegetative Flower
Buds Flowers Present
Green Fruit Present
Brown Fruit Present
Early July
28 61 11 0 0
Mid-July
0 8 77 15 0
Early Aug.
0 0 0 85 15
Mid-Aug.
7 0 0 44 48
Early Sept. 0 0 0 11 89
Phenology of JHP in Wisconsin Biennial plant in WI
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Seed production and viability Spring Green Vermont
# of viable seed/plant
Early July 0 a 0 a
Mid-July 0 a 0 a
Early Aug. 3 a 0 a
Mid-Aug. 60 b 101 b
Early Sept. 321 c 326 b
p-value <0.0001 <0.0001
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What are the control options
• Similar to other biennial weeds –Short-term goal: remove
plants/prevent competition
–Long-term goal: prevent seed production
See http://mipncontroldatabase.wisc.edu or our factsheet for detailed info
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Non-chemical control methods
• Removal – Cut taproot with a sharp shovel or spade 1–2” below
the surface. – Pull if soil conditions allow for the removal of the
taproot.
• Mowing – after bolting, but before brown seeds are present – Years of mowing to reduce populations are not known
• other Torilis species do not persist in the soil
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Chemical control methods
• Foliar applications are effective in spring or fall to rosettes or bolting plants – Non selective herbicide
• Glyphosate (e.g. roundup)
– Safe to established grasses
• Metsulfuron (e.g. escort) • Triclopyr (e.g. Garlon)
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Summary of JHP
• Biennial plant invading US – Almost identical to spreading hedgeparsley
• Easy to identify when start looking for it – Flowers in mid summer white umbels – Fruit is barbed
• Invades a wide range of habitats – Full sun to shaded environments
• Several effective control methods are known
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Questions?