heating & ventilation for pigs

8/3/2019 Heating & Ventilation for Pigs

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Heating & Ventilation for Pigs


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Introduction

IntroductionSince Pigs are housed according to their age, the need to understand their precise

heating and ventilation requirements is an important prerequisite of their

environmental control.

Pigs require warmth, as well as a dry bed and protection from winter draughts and summer

heat. Furthermore, there are minimum requirements for fresh air, space, and the hygienic

conditions to ensure that the pigs accommodation through its growth cycle provide stable,

defined air temperatures, thereby enabling growth of the animal, with feed utilisation being

improved at the same time.

Because of their sensitivity to temperature conditions at different stages of their growth cycle theright environment ensures pigs display stable behaviour. As social animals, this is an important

facet to their ability to interact with other pigs in the group, as they tend to be kept in large

numbers in one defined area.

As a leading manufacturer ofHeating and Ventilation products

to the pig sector, Hydor is driven

by achieving a system design that

is not only cost effective to the

farmer, but enhances the pigs

performance at the same time.

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ct onThe need for a controlled environmentAt Hydor we fully appreciate that farmers rearing their pigs within a building rely on the heating

and ventilation equipment and system design to provide the precise comfort conditions for

their pigs.

The most important aspect when designing the heating and ventilation for the building is the

performance and welfare of the pigs, thereby achieving the right balance between installation

costs, reliability of product and the overall running costs.

This brochure provides an insight into the comprehensive range of Hydor productsavailable for pig farming applications. From farrowing through to finishing, Hydor

provides the pig farmer with quality products and system design capabilities to

ensure growth and animal welfare.

Whether it be a refurbishment project, expansion or new build piggery

accommodation, as one of the leading heating and ventilating

manufacturers within the agricultural sector, Hydor is confident it can

assist you with the design criteria specified, the right product selection

and controls systems required.

Hydor have been manufacturing fans, heaters and controls, whilst

working closely with pig farmers in their system design approach

for more than 40 years now. It is this experience that provides the

knowledge, expertise and flexibility to develop bespoke products

and customer confidence in our capabilities.

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yp ca nTypical Installat ionsFarrowing HouseT

With the piglets born in the Farrowing House, the new born piglets require

extra heat, requiring a lot more warmth during the first few days in order to

adjust to the weaner accommodation a critical part of their growth cycle.

Equally important to understand is that heating for the sow and piglets should

be considered separately when determining heating and ventilation as theyrequire significantly different temperatures.

Because the pigs growth is critical to its performance in the future, provision

of the correct temperature in the Farrowing House is particularly important

because of the pigs sensitivity at this stage.

This particular drawing depicts a Farrowing House with roof inlets and side

extraction where the fans are mounted in the side walls of the building. Air is

drawn through the inlet unit, though a slotted ceiling area into the cubicles

when required for ventilation. When heating the units, air will be drawn

through the slot in the passageway into the HEOSS pig heater units and

blown into the cubicle, naturally expelling through the outlet. Farrowing Units

only require gentle air movements so as not to disturb the mother and the

piglets. The central air inlet can have adjustable shutters fitted to direct the air

where required.

There are many approaches to mechanical ventilation system designs

for pig buildings, with the classification of the system based on

the air pressure of the enclosure relative to the outside pressure

i.e. the fans blowing into the enclosure

The drawings outlined in this brochure are intended merely to illustrate

some typical arrangements at those differering stages from farrowing to

finishing. These arrangements show typical negative pressure systems, which

operate below outdoor air pressure i.e. fans exhausting from the enclosure.

It must be stressed however that there are many ways in which the design

criteria could be met, and it should not be assumed that the examplesillustrated are the only ones.

It is important to understand that Hydor has more than 40 years experience in

the development and design of agricultural ventilation and heating systems,

ensuring our capabilities provide the precise environmental conditions required

by pig farmers in terms of the temperature and air speeds throughout the

pigs life cycle.

Farrowing House Figure 1.0

Figure 1.0

HE Propeller Fans

Roof Mounted Agri-Jet

HEOSS Pig Heater

VARC Cont rol ler

CENTRAL PASSAGE

HOT AIR HOT AIR

COLD AIR

COLD AIR

WHEN REQUIRED

HEOSSPIG HEATERS

HE PROPELLER FAN HE PROPELLER FAN

AGRI-JETROOF MOUNTED

COLD AIR

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a a onTypical Installat ionsWeaning House

Figure 2.0

This typically illustrates this arrangement where the HEOSS heater units are

placed under the floor and warm air is blown into the under floor camber

rising through the floor area where the pigs lye, naturally venting through the

roof mounted fan unit. When ventilation is required, warm air is drawn up

through the side inlet units and either directed upwards in winter to drop on

to the floor area, or in summer directed downward onto the area to cool the

pigs and then extracted by the fan, discharging vertically thereby preventing

any dust or muck ingress onto the roof to pollute the water courses.

Figure 2.0

At weaning, the pigs are known as weaners, usually housed in pens holding

a number of pigs, where they remain until they reach the correct weight

where they are moved out to the fattening house. There are many variationsin the design and layout of the Weaner House, although it generally

consists of a central feeding passage with pens on either side and a

dunging area alongside the outside walls. Most weaner accommodation

incorporates heating and ventilation and it is the heating that accounts for

most of the energy use, because of its importance in the pigs growth. With

earlier weaning becoming more common place, the use of more heating at

the weaner stage is apparent. Although there are a wide variety of heating

systems available on the market for weaner housing systems, Hydor provide

the proven HEOSS range of heaters for Weaner House applications.

With rapid growth at the weaner stage of accommodation the heat output

of a group of pigs begins to increase and temperature requirements

decrease, thereby initiating a gradual change from heating to ventilationwithin the building.

Hydor is able to provide the controlled environmental conditions to ensure

the automatic operation of both the heating and ventilation systems as the

need arises within the weaner accommodation.

Weaning House

HE Propeller Fans

Roof Mounted Agri-JetHEOSS Pig Heater

VARC Cont rol lerAir Inlets

PASSAGE

HEOSSPIG HEATER

HEOSSPIG HEATER

HE PROPELLER FAN

AIR INLET AIR INLET

AGRI-JET

ROOF MOUNTED

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Fattening House Although the mature pig is more tolerant to a greater

variation in temperatures, the pigs feed intake, growth rate and the efficiency

of its feed conversion are largely dependent on the environmental

temperature within its accommodation.

Although the Fattening House is essentially the same as the Weaning House it

is on a larger scale.

Figure 3.0 illustrates a conventional roof extract, negative pressure system.

Here, air is drawn into the unit through the side inlets and directed either

upwards in winter, allowing the air to fall into the dunging area or

directed down to the dunging area in summer, passing over the pigs

and rising towards the centre of the unit to be exhausted through theroof mounted fan unit. Dust and foul air are discharged vertically out and

off the unit, thereby preventing fouling of the roof and contamination of

any water courses.

With a larger pig at this stage in its growth cycle, the

heat output increases with the weight and temperature

requirements fall, thus the ventilation systems in finishing

houses require a higher capacity than required in the

farrowing or weaning accommodation.

The ventilation required at this stage of pig production

means that the selection of fans and the controls, as

well as the reliability and maintenance for these systems

is fundamental for efficient operation.

Fattening House Figure 3.0

yp ca nTypical Installat ionsFattening House

HE Propeller FansRoof Mounted Agri-Jet

Air Inlets

VARC Control ler

PASSAGE

DUNG LAYING PIGS LAYING PIGS DUNG

HE PROPELLER FAN

AIR INLET AIR INLET

AGRI-JET

ROOF M OUNTED

Figure 3.0

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a a onTypical Installat ionsBreeding SowsHeavy Hogs

Air Inlets

Roof Mounted Agri-Jet

The dry and pregnant sows are either housed in pens holding several sows

or in sow stalls, whereby the pigs are housed individually; this has the

advantage of individual feeding without the fear of fight ing.

This typically illustrates a conventional negative pressure, roof extract system.

Air is drawn through the side inlets and directed upwards in winter allowing

the cooling air to fall naturally onto the pigs. In summer the air is directed

towards the stock, combining with the warm air around the pigs and

exhausting though the fan mounted in the roof mounted Agri-Jet Unit.

Foul and dirty air is discharged vertically into the air, preventing fouling of

the room and contamination of any water courses. Addit ional Turbulator

fans can be introduced to circulate and blow air onto the pigs in hot

summer conditions.

Breeding Sows & Heavy Hogs

Figure 4.0

HE Propeller Fans

VARC Cont roller

Turbulator

Circulation Fan

PASSAGE PASSAGE

HE PROPELLER FAN

TURBULATORS TURBULATORS

AIR INLET AIR INLET

AGRI-JETROOF MOUNTED

Figure 4.0

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ea ngH

HeatingHeoss Pig Heater

With three model sizes, Hydors Heoss Pig Heater is a propane gas,

hot air generator manufactured completely in stainless steel.

The unit consists of a fixed section that is placed in the wall of the room(usually the wall of the corridor) and a mobile section, the actual

generator, mounted on the same wall coupling, with its upper part

in the conduit at 90.

The fixed section of the heater consists of a key; a regulator to 37 mbar;

a gas filter and a conduit at 90that transverses the wall with an air

baffle. The addit ional benefit is that the unit completely seals the air

exit thereby preventing dust ingress.

The mobile section weighs only 15kg and is fitted with a quick

connection to connect the gas supply to the regulator.

Heat is required for two principal reasons, first of all to maximise

the pigs feed conversion, but also in reducing the mortality

rate amongst piglets.

Where the pigs are kept below their lower critical temperature

they will convert more of their food into energy as opposed

to body weight. Inevitably the heating systems on the market

are as varied as the building designs for Pig Housings.

With effective Heating and Control products from Hydor, the

precise temperature conditions can be carefully

maintained for the pigs.

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ea ngHeatingHeoss Pig Heater

Versatility.

Suitable for all types of farms, particularly Pig Farms.

HEOSS works well wit h low-pressure propane gas supply.

Where required Hydor can provide a 9kw electric model with

identical dimensions.

Horizontal or vertical mounting arrangement.

The heat output is infinitely variable from 1.4 KW to 10 KW via

a 0-10 volt control signal. Automatic OFF switching is optional.

The Unit automatically resets after a power failure, with illuminated

lights indicating the operational status of the HEOSS unit. The ignition

circuits are isolated from the main electrical circuit for safety and EMC

Interference legislation.

Features & Benefits

Very simple and economical.

HEOSS is for outside, inside or corridor installations. The unit can be

installed on the exterior of the Piggery, the interior, for example,

Weaner accommodation, or, the most common location, the corridor

or central passageway.

Horizontal and vertical position allowing the installation where it is most

convenient or where space is at a premium.

Installation

Homogeneity By progressive heating, t his allows HEOSS to maintain

the desired temperature for the accommodation with oscillations of less

than 0.5C.

The air introduced is a dry air, which improves the environmental quality

by vastly diminishing the humidity of the air and the beds.

Heating Quality

Hydor HEOSS Pig Heaters are designed to be located within a pig building

by blowing heated air into those rooms within the farm where it is needed

for the pigs, in particular, the Farrowing and Weaning Houses.

Each of the drawings opposite illustrates typical mounting arrangements

for the HEOSS unit, also highlighting the flexibility in installation.

Figure 5.0 mounted under the floor, heating the room from below.

Figure 6.0 mounted above the ceiling, heating the room from above.

Figure 7.0 mounted into the room, heating the room directly.

Figure 5.0

Figure 6.0 Figure 7.0

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ea ngHeatingHeoss Pig Heater With a fixed section of the Pig Heater for each room, as well as a transportable section, the unit can

be disconnected and moved from one room to another, leaving the gas supply and the inlet section

in place, thereby utilising the heater section to its maximum potential in other parts of the pig

building. If the pig farmer does not need to heat all of the rooms at the same time, he can

determine the number of heaters to order. Normally 50% of the rooms require heating, which

means only investing in additional fixed utility lines and inlet sections.

Portability and Economy

Unit is constructed from stainless steel for longevity of use, as well

as being hygienic and easy to clean, particularly the burner and

ventilation parts.

The electrical and electronic components are protected against

humidity and the corrosive atmosphere, which is particularly

prevalent in a Pig Farm.

Resistance

By producing the flame outside the room, this can increase safety on

the farm thereby diminishing the risks associated with the use of gas.

Potential reduction in the insurance costs on the farm.

The unit works with low-pressure gas.

In essence, Hydor HEOSS Pig Heaters are-

Easy to install.

Easy to clean.

Easy to transport from one room to another.

Work with bott led gas.

Quite simply it is one of the highest quality and lowest cost pig

heaters on t he agricultural market today.

Security

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en a oGGood ventilation design is a vital and integral partof the design process of any livestock building.

Ventilation

At Hydor, we strive to provide a ventilation system for pig farms that accomplishes

the following:

Provide the desired amount of fresh air, without draughts, to all parts of

the building.

Maintain temperatures within desired limits.

Maintain relative humidity within desired limits.

Ensure ammonia levels are below specified levels to assure worker safety.

Hydors objective in ventilation system design of buildings is to maintain a healthy

environment for animals and workers in the facility.

After more than 40 years of creating the right environmental conditions for livestock

producers, Hydor can boast a thing or two on ventilation systems and design.

Take a look at some of the specific products within our comprehensive range for pigfarming applications such as the brand leading High Eff iciency HE Propeller fan,

Roof Mounted Agri-Jets, or Turbulators, as well as Air Inlets and VARC Controllers.

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ansHE FansAA modern high quality range of agricultural propeller fansdesigned to pass large volumes of air with minimum use

of energy.

The Hydor HE fan range has been designed specifically for use in agricultural applications

such as pig farms where corrosive environments are particularly evident.

With a heavy duty construction, the HE fans principal benefit is the propeller shaped

stainless steel blades which scoop air and move it away from the fan blade - Blade

tip clearance design enhances HE fan performance alongside large volume

air movement.

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ansHE Fans

Quality robust construction

incorporating stainless steel

impeller.

Available in 9 sizes

315/355/400/450/500/

560/630/710/760 .

Very efficient power

consumption.

Reliable wit h high volume

air movement.

Waterproof Junction Box and

3 metre cable.

Mot ors are particularly

cool-running, constructed

with a finned aluminium

casing to give excellent

heat dissipation.

Three year (Condit ional)

extended warranty on all

our motors.

Optional EC conforming

motor/propeller side guards

Motors are weatherproofed

to IP55.

Suitable for Form A or Form

B operation.

Ex-stock single phase and

three phase fans.

Diaphragm mounted units

without rings for special

applications.

Low noise level.

Long service life.

Quick and easy assembly.

Accessories

Features & Benefits

Motor or Propeller side wire

guards to BS848 Part 5 f inished

in red powder coat to RAL7031.

Air Operated louvre shutters

available in Aluminium /

Alu-Zinc and plastic.

A full range of bot h automatic

and manual inf initely variable

or stepped t ransformer

type controls.

Suggested number of Pigs per installed Hydor HE Fan

Typ e ofLivestock

weightkg

m 3/h/kg

Air Volum e m 3/h

Supp ly (p hase)

Stat ic Pressure @ 50Pa

Fan Diameter (mm) 315 350 400 450 500 630

Suggested Number of Livestock per Fan Type

Pigs

Pork Pigs

Heavy Hogs

Early Weaners 23.00 1.88 34 58 85 118 118 118 188 245 245

68.00 1.88 11 20 29 40 40 63 63 83 83

91.00 1.88 8 15 22 30 30 48 48 62 62

Single Single Single Single Three Single Three Single Three

1450 2520 3680 5120 5120 8140 8140 10600 10600

Table 1.0 illustrates the suggested number of pigs that can be adequately ventilated w ith Hydor HE Propeller fans, thereby being within the Lower and

Upper critical temperatures of the pig.

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ooMounted

Features & Accessories

There are five standard sizes 450mm, 500mm, 630mm, 710mm

and 760mm.

Roof mounted units are supplied complete with a Hydor HE High

efficiency Propeller fan, easily accessible for cleaning and maintenance.

Supplied as ready-assembled units for On-ridge or Off-ridge installation.

Low Silhouette design provides tidy and unobtrusive appearance.

High Velocity exhaust jet of approximately 60 feet ensures no roof

dust deposit.

Minimal back pressure ensures maximum fan efficiency.

Roof mounted units can be opened using a cable system as a fail

safe contingency.

Units can be supplied for flush mounting to

the ceiling line, or with circular tube trunk

extensions according to customer preference.

GRP bell mouth inlets are available for fitting

to t he bottom off the extension tubes for

maximum efficiency in aerodynamic design.

Hinged fan assembly to facilitate

shaft cleaning.

Plastic thermal barrier trunk reduces noise

levels and in-house condensation.

Light Baffle boards to diffuse the light.

Agri-jetRoof Mounted Vent ilat ion Unit s

FFarmers have used the brand leading range of Agri-Jet units for many pig housing applications.The Roof Mounted Unit is a high velocity jet extraction unit for on or off-ridge installations.

The design of the inlet ensures that it operates at high efficiency by maximising air flow andoperating at low back pressure - minimising operating costs.

Stale air is expelled through the cowl to a height of approximately 60 feet, ensuring that any

dust, moisture, ammonia and smells are dissipated as they leave the pigs accommodation.

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n e sHigh Flow Air InletMaximum Resistance InletsIIn a mechanical ventilation system, the size and operation of the piggery will determine the rate of air changes required.The uniformity of air distribution, on the other hand, depends primarily on location, design and adjustment of the air

intakes in exhaust systems or the air outlets in pressure systems.

Features & Benefits A very high degree of insulation

A strong structure with a low

weight.

Quick and easy mounting

Easy to handle (adjusting,

gluing etc).

Easy to clean.

Environmentally desirable.

Highly resistant to chemicals,

aggressive gases and dry rot.

Inlets constructed from durable

polyeurethane foam.

Simple to install either in a new system,

or as a retro-fit to upgrade an existing

system design.

Inlets can be supplied for either wall or

ceiling mouthed applications.

It is especially important to maintain enough inlet velocity during the

colder weather so that the incoming air is mixed or blended sufficiently

with the warm room air before it reaches the pigs. The opening, or

cross sectional area, of the air inlet should be based upon the capacity

of the fans. If the inlet area is too great, cold air will enter at low

velocity, causing it to settle to the floor and induce drafts, which

pigs are sensitive too.

Hydor high flow inlets, constructed of hygienic, easy to clean,

polyurethane foam with aerofoil blade section are designed to direct

the incoming air to the most advantageous place for the pigs welfare.

By directing cooling air down onto the dunging areas, this encourages

the pigs to use this specific area whilst allowing the air to temper as it

passes over stock.

Inlets can be controlled individually or in sections. Accurate control of

these is essential.

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ur u aTurbulatorHigh Quality Recirculation FansFeatures

Rust proof wire guards for

employee safety.

Waterproof Junction Box and

3 metre cable.

HHydor Turbulator fans are specifically designed to have a longthrow and move air efficiently to give a measure of controlover temperature and humidity in pig housing, aswell as a

variety of other applications for farming.

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or

Accessories

Turbulator

Rust proof air straight ener for long

axial air flow.

Suitable Standard 230v Single

Phase Supply.

A full range of both automatic and

manual inf initely variable controllers.

Available in stainless steel

(non-stocked / made to order).

Extra chain/cable available -

please notify at time of ordering.

A full range of electronic /

manual t hermostats.

Stainless steel duct supplied with

suspension eyes and chain for

ease of mount ing.

Large Range of Thermostats and

speed cont rollers available

12 Months Product Warranty

The Hydor range of Turbulators, constructed with stainless steel casings,

with high efficiency, lightweight motors and non corrosive plastic

propellers offer various sizes from 355mm to 630mm diameter. The units

are suitable for all year round ventilation and for movement of air within

pig units giving evenness of temperature throughout the unit and

removing condensation

in the fattening and heavy hog houses, by circulating the air, thereby

improving the pig's environment at low cost and power consumption.

There are a number of distinct benefits for piggery applications with this

particular product, namely

1. Control of insects Many insects and flies are discouraged by a

constant airflow throughout the pig building which is created by

Turbulator fans.

2. Overcomes dunging problems Where the ventilation rates become

too low, pigs will tend to congregate wherever the oxygen level is best

in their housing. Turbulators gently circulate fresh air evenly throughout

the entire building, which culminates in a healthier environment for

the pigs.

3. A reduction in heat stress, whereby growth loss is reduced from heat stress.

4. A constant airflow will ensure the pig building is kept dry by increasing

evaporation of moisture in the air.

5. A reduction in the heat stress of pigs when using Turbulators to circulate

the air can enhance their reproductive efficiency.

6. Air circulation moves ammonia fumes away from the pigs, thereby

circulating gases to a higher level within the building, which in

turn means that exhaust fans will remove them from the building

more eff iciently.

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on roAA first class control system is essential for the effective operation of heating

and ventilation equipment in order to achieve precise temperatures within a

building or part of that building. By achieving accurate temperature controls,

this minimises the potential wasteful use of energy, culminating in improved

food conversion of pigs and their growth rates. In addition a more stable

temperature will have an overall influence on performance.

ControllersCont rolling your environment

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ers

Features & Benefits

The Hydor VARC range of Automatic controllers are designed to operate

small numbers of fans, offering infinitely variable speed control, with orwithout low temperature shut off and / or heater interlock to maintain

the correct environment at minimal cost.

The Hydor VARC Infinitely Variable Fan Speed Control is a simple to use,

easy to install unit which is suitable for controlling up to six fans from a

correctly rated and protected single phase 200-240 Volt 50Hz AC supply.

Designed to maintain a set temperature in the required area, they are

ideal for farrowing, weaning and smaller sow houses.

The VARC units feature a Temperature Setting dial and a Minimum

Speed dial, an individual suitably rated miniature circuit breaker for each

fan to act as an On/Off Switch whilst protecting the fan motor, and

indicator lights; easily replaced control card and drive units. The unit is

supplied with a suitable temperature sensing device.

The Control is available in various forms to suit the particular application

within the building.

A normal continuous version where fans run continuously, varying in speed,

between the set minimum and full speed to maintain the requiredtemperature, whilst maintaining a minimum throughput of fresh air.

The P off-switching version where fans switch off when the temperature

inside the pig unit dips below the minimum speed temperature setting,

allowing the internal t emperature t o recover as soon as possible, or

reducing the heating requirement. This particular version is more suitable

for Farrowing Units where low air requirements are needed.

The VARC unit is housed in a metal powder coated enclosure finished in

standard grey/ brown and can be installed either inside the piggery or

outside in one of the passageways.

Dimensions are either 300mm by 250mm by 150mm or 400mm by

300mm by 150mm depending on the number of fans.

Set Temperature Control which allows the required temperature of the

unit to be selected between 5c and 45c.

Minimum Speed Control which allows the operator to select a

minimum speed between 10% and 100%. This is the minimum speedthe fans will operate at irrespective of the temperature in the piggery.

On off swit ching versions where the fans will switch off and re-start

at this speed setting. The fans are normally factory set at Hydor to

operate over a 5c temperature differential between 10% and 100%.

Miniature Circuit Breaker which is suitably current rated for the size of

fan being controlled, which acts as a on and off fan selection switch

whilst protecting the fan motor from an overload condition.

An internal control card features preset controls for calibrating the fanspeeds, the temperature and setting the differential. The differential can

be varied between 1c and 10c.

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FA N S C O N T RO L S SY ST E M S

Hydor Ltd . Unit 8 . Parkers Close . Downton Business Centre

Downton . Salisbury . Wiltshire . SP5 3RB

Tel: + 44 (0) 1725 511422 . Fax: + 44 (0) 1725 512637

e-mail: [email protected] . www.hydor.co.uk

PHV/02-05-06/01

www.hydor.co.uk

heating & ventilation for pigs

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