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Page 1: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Heat FlowHeat Flow

The Art of Building Science

smThe Art of Building Science

sm

Page 2: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

!Introduction to Heat Flow!Introduction to Heat Flow

!Heat always flows from a region ofhigh temperature to a region of lowertemperature

Page 3: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

!Introduction to Heat Flow!Introduction to Heat Flow

� Conduction: Transfer of heatbetween materials of differenttemperatures while in direct contact

! Three modes of heat flow

Page 4: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

!Introduction to Heat Flow!Introduction to Heat Flow

� Conduction: Transfer of heatbetween materials of differenttemperatures while in direct contact

� Convection: Transfer of heat dueto the motion of gas or liquid overa surface

! Three modes of heat flow

Page 5: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

!Introduction to Heat Flow!Introduction to Heat Flow

� Conduction: Transfer of heatbetween materials of differenttemperatures while in direct contact

� Convection: Transfer of heat dueto the motion of gas or liquid overa surface

� Radiation: Transfer of heat fromone object to another due toelectromagnetic waves

! Three modes of heat flow

Page 6: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Benefits of ControllingHeat Flow in a HouseBenefits of ControllingHeat Flow in a House

!Occupant comfort

!Energy efficiency

Page 7: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Heat FlowScientific Principles

Heat FlowScientific Principles

Page 8: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Heat Transfer Problems & SolutionsHeat Transfer Problems & Solutions

!Roof/ceiling system

!Walls

!Windows

!Basements

!Crawlspaces & Slabs

Page 9: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Roof/Ceiling

Systems

Roof/Ceiling

Systems

Page 10: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Roof/Ceiling System ProblemsRoof/Ceiling System Problems

!Ceiling surfacecondensationand staining

Page 11: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Roof/Ceiling System ProblemsRoof/Ceiling System Problems

!Underside of roofdeck deterioration

Page 12: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Roof/Ceiling System SolutionsRoof/Ceiling System Solutions

!Cathedral ceilinginstallation

Page 13: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Roof/Ceiling System SolutionsRoof/Ceiling System Solutions

!Properly support& protect kneewall insulation

InsulationInsulationSheathingSheathing

Page 14: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Roof/Ceiling System SolutionsRoof/Ceiling System Solutions

!Properly insulaterecessed lighting

Infrared View

Page 15: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Roof/Ceiling System SolutionsRoof/Ceiling System Solutions

!Insulate attichatch

Page 16: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Roof/Ceiling System SolutionsRoof/Ceiling System Solutions

!Install atticbaffles tomaintaininsulationeffectiveness

Page 17: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Wood Stud

Walls

Wood Stud

Walls

Page 18: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Wood Stud Wall Insulation ProblemsWood Stud Wall Insulation Problems

!Uncomfortable occupant space

!Cold surfaces promote condensationand staining

Page 19: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Wood Stud Wall System SolutionsWood Stud Wall System Solutions

!Qualityinstallation

Page 20: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Wood Stud Wall System SolutionsWood Stud Wall System Solutions

!Avoid insulationvoids

Infrared View

insulation void

near top plate

VoidVoid

VoidVoid

Page 21: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Wood Stud Wall System SolutionsWood Stud Wall System Solutions

!Blow-In-BlanketSystem (BIBS)

Page 22: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Wood Stud Wall System SolutionsWood Stud Wall System Solutions

!Avoid insulationcompression

Compressed battCompressed batt

Page 23: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Wood Stud Wall System SolutionsWood Stud Wall System Solutions

!Properly insulatearound plumbingand electricalpenetrations

Poor fitPoor fit

CompressedCompressed

VoidVoid

Page 24: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Wood Stud Wall System SolutionsWood Stud Wall System Solutions

!Use insulatingsheathings toincrease overallR-value

Page 25: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

WindowsWindows

Page 26: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Window ProblemsWindow Problems

!Uncomfortable interior space due toradiation heat flow

Page 27: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Window ProblemsWindow Problems

!Uncomfortable interior space due toradiation heat flow

!Condensation due to cold window surfaces

Page 28: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Window ProblemsWindow Problems

!Uncomfortable interior space due toradiation heat flow

!Condensation due to cold window surfaces

!Ultra-violet light exposure: Sunlightdegrades interior furnishings

Page 29: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Window System SolutionsWindow System Solutions

Install high performance windowsLook for the NFRC label

Page 30: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Window System SolutionsWindow System Solutions

! Frame type

! Glazing type

! Gas Fill

! Low-E coatings

Install high performance windowsLook for the NFRC label

Page 31: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Window System SolutionsWindow System Solutions

Energy Star recommended maximums

U-factor � Like R-value,indicates thermal performance

0.75Southern Zone

0.40Central Zone

0.35Northern Zone

U-factor

Lower is better

Page 32: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Window System SolutionsWindow System Solutions

Energy Star recommended maximums

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient �Indicates efficiency in preventingsolar radiation from heating house

0.40Southern Zone

0.55Central Zone

AnyNorthern Zone

SHGC

Lower is better

Page 33: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Window System SolutionsWindow System Solutions

Installation is Critical!

Even the best windowswill perform poorly

unless they areinstalled correctly.

Page 34: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

BasementsBasements

Page 35: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Below Grade BasementInterior ProblemsBelow Grade BasementInterior Problems

!Occupant comfort

!Energy efficiency

Page 36: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Below Grade BasementInterior SolutionsBelow Grade BasementInterior Solutions

!Finished walls �Fill entire spacewith unfacedinsulation betweenfoundation wall andinterior sheathing

Page 37: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Below Grade BasementInterior SolutionsBelow Grade BasementInterior Solutions

!Unfinished walls �Use perforated firerated facing

Perforated FSK facing

Perforated PSK facing

Page 38: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Below Grade BasementInterior SolutionsBelow Grade BasementInterior Solutions

!Ceilings

� Conditioned space�Insulation improves sound control

� Semi-conditioned space�Insulation improves energy efficiency& comfort

Page 39: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Crawlspaces

and Slabs

Crawlspaces

and Slabs

Page 40: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Crawlspace ProblemsCrawlspace Problems

!Floor surface temperatures above crawlspace

!Energy efficiency above crawlspace

Page 41: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Crawlspace SolutionsCrawlspace Solutions

!Ventedcrawlspace �minimum R-19should be installedin the floor/ceilingcavity for coldclimates

Page 42: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Crawlspace SolutionsCrawlspace Solutions

!Unventedcrawlspace�floor/ceilingcavities or wallsshould be insulatedin warm-humidclimates

Page 43: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Slab SolutionsSlab Solutions

!Some climates may require slab edgeinsulation

� Check your building codes

Page 44: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Pay Attention

to Details

Pay Attention

to Details

Page 45: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Pay Attention to DetailsPay Attention to Details

!Align air andthermal barriersin dropped ceiling

Page 46: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Pay Attention to DetailsPay Attention to Details

!Properlyinsulatebathrooms tokeep tub andshower surfacescomfortable

VoidsVoids

Compression

Compression

Insulate here to finish job

Page 47: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Pay Attention to DetailsPay Attention to Details

!Insulate, sheathand air sealkneewalls overgarages

Page 48: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Pay Attention to DetailsPay Attention to Details

!Don�t miss insulatingaround ALLirregular details

� Bay windows

� Overhangs

� Dropped soffits

� Any irregular walls, etc.

Page 49: Heat Flow - CertainTeed · !Introduction to Heat Flow Œ Conduction: Transfer of heat between materials of different temperatures while in direct contact Œ Convection: Transfer of

Control

heat flow��for comfort

and energy

efficiency.

View Air Flow Next


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