hearth tax microsoft access database prototype -...

HEARTH TAX MICROSOFT ACCESS DATABASE DOCUMENTATION (V.1.4 DRAFT)

CONTENTS

DATABASE DESIGN______________________________________________________________________3

TABLE DESIGN__________________________________________________________________________4

DATABASE DOCUMENTATION_____________________________________________________________9

GENERAL PROCESSING TASKS____________________________________________________________10

SPECIFIC PROCESSING TASKS, ASSUMPTIONS, QUERIES AND THOUGHTS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT_11

1666 LISTINGS________________________________________________________________________111666 TRANSCRIBED BOOKS: PROCESSING NOTES__________________________________________________14

Book 1___________________________________________________________________________14Book 3___________________________________________________________________________14Book 4___________________________________________________________________________15Book 5___________________________________________________________________________15Book 6___________________________________________________________________________16Book 8___________________________________________________________________________17Book 9___________________________________________________________________________18Book 10__________________________________________________________________________19Book 11__________________________________________________________________________19Book 16__________________________________________________________________________20Book 18__________________________________________________________________________20Book 19__________________________________________________________________________21Book 20__________________________________________________________________________22Book 21__________________________________________________________________________23Book 22__________________________________________________________________________24Book 25__________________________________________________________________________25Book 26__________________________________________________________________________26Book 27__________________________________________________________________________26Book 28__________________________________________________________________________27Book 29__________________________________________________________________________28Book 30__________________________________________________________________________28Book 31__________________________________________________________________________29Book 32__________________________________________________________________________30

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Book 33__________________________________________________________________________30Book 34__________________________________________________________________________31Book 35__________________________________________________________________________31Book 36__________________________________________________________________________32Book 37__________________________________________________________________________33Book 38__________________________________________________________________________33Book 39__________________________________________________________________________34Book 40__________________________________________________________________________34Book 41__________________________________________________________________________35

1662-3 LISTINGS_______________________________________________________________________361662-3 TRANSCRIPTIONS PROCESSING NOTES____________________________________________________37

Aldersgate Ward___________________________________________________________________37Bishopgate Ward___________________________________________________________________37Bread Street Ward__________________________________________________________________37Bridge Ward_______________________________________________________________________37Broad Street Ward__________________________________________________________________38Candlewick Ward___________________________________________________________________38Castle Baynard Ward________________________________________________________________39Cheap Ward_______________________________________________________________________39Coleman Street Ward_______________________________________________________________39Cordwainer Ward__________________________________________________________________39Cornhill Ward______________________________________________________________________40Cripplegate Ward__________________________________________________________________40Dowgate Ward____________________________________________________________________40Farringdon Within Ward_____________________________________________________________41Lime Street Ward___________________________________________________________________41Queenhithe Ward__________________________________________________________________41Vintry Ward_______________________________________________________________________42Walbrook Ward____________________________________________________________________42

WESTMINSTER LISTINGS___________________________________________________________________431664 MIDDLESEX LISTINGS________________________________________________________________441664 MIDDLESEX TRANSCRIPTIONS PROCESSING NOTES_____________________________________________44

Hackney__________________________________________________________________________44Greenford and Perivale______________________________________________________________45Ashford__________________________________________________________________________46

APPENDIX 1: 1662-3 LISTINGS TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES________________________________________47

APPENDIX 2: FORENAME STANDARDISATION_______________________________________________50

STANDARDISED FORENAMES________________________________________________________________50FORENAMES WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN STANDARDISED_______________________________________________84

Technical specification_________________________________________________________________100

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DATABASE DESIGN

The goal of the Microsoft Access database version of the Hearth Tax returns data is to provide a format which maximises flexibility of both output (in terms of delivery of the resource), and potential forms of statistical and qualitative analyses. A ‘flat file’ (single table) data structure was promoted, especially in light of the former requirement, as ‘flat file’ data can be made available very easily to users who are unfamiliar with relational data models.

The tables contained in the Hearth Tax database are:

HearthListings: the principal data table, holding all the data transcribed from the hearth tax returns (the Microsoft Excel transcription files).

Book: a reference table, containing archival reference and geographical data connected to each of the hearth tax ‘Books’. It also contains preamble and postscript textual information transcribed from the source, as well as a field which can link to the full transcription of the source (in an appropriate file format). This table is not suitable for analysis, but rather is merely a means

BookPlace: a reference table, containing the individual parishes, towns and places listed in the hearth tax returns. The information in this table was supplied by Matthew Davies. Some of the places in this table do not appear in the original prototype table “xx_Parish listing”. In other words, a number of places are mentioned in the actual returns which were not listed in the original ‘Parish listing’ table, and so have been added to this table. These should be confirmed/altered by the project.

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TABLE DESIGN

The HearthListings Table comprises the following fields:

PersonID This value is unique for every person and every record in the table: that is, each record comprises an individual in the source.1

BookPlaceID This value corresponds to the BookPlaceID value in the table BookPlace order to maintain the links between the data in the two tables.2 It can be used to ascertain the archival/geographical information for any record in the table.

ListingID This value is unique for each individual listing in the hearth tax returns. Note that some values are repeated: this is where a listing refers to more than one person, and each person has been made into a distinct record. The number of unique ListingID values corresponds to the number of listings in the source, whereas the number of records in the table corresponds to the number of individuals listed in the source. Joint listings which share a ListingID value are not necessarily the same thing as listings which are bracketed together in the source – the brackets can merely indicate that some note or designator applies to more than one listing (e.g. if more than one listing is recorded as ‘poor’ or ‘empty’). The value in the relevant hearth value field - HearthsPaid/HearthsUnpaid/TotalHearths - is only given for the first record in such a joint listing (the ‘co-listees’ are given the value “0”), so as not to distort any arithmetical queries totalling the numbers of hearths etc.

HTYear The year of the listing’s hearth tax return, necessary as returns from multiple year’s hearth taxes will be incorporated into the table in the future. Currently all record have the value ‘1666’.

1 Therefore this field is also the primary key.2 That is, it is the foreign key in that relationship.

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Folio The folio of the listing (where given).

Page The page of the listing (where given).

Rot The rotulet of the listings (1662-3 only). Note that where an original and current reference is given in the transcript, the current reference has been used in the database.

Membrane The membrane that listings appear on (Westminter listings only).

Place The location of the listing, as a transcript in the original orthography. This value can operate at a number of geographical ‘levels’, often simultaneously – street side, alley, parish, precinct etc. In the absence of any other value for this field, the value taken from the Parish or Ward field is entered here. If more than one geographical level applies, as is sometimes the case, the verbatim transcripts of both levels have been merged into a single value, with the constituent parts separated by a colon (‘:’).

Parish The parish of the listing, in a standardised format, derived from the BookPlace table.

Ward The ward of the listing, in a standardised format. This has only been entered in instances where the transcript has explicitly referred to a ward. If analysis by ward is required, this field will need to have values assigned and updated using the information in the BookPlace table.

Precinct The parish of the listing, in a standardised format. This has only been entered in instances where the transcript has explicitly referred to a precinct. If analysis by precinct is required, this field will need to have values assigned and updated using the information in the BookPlace table.

CityMidx Whether the listing is a City, Middlesex or Westminster record. The value given will either be ‘City’ or ‘Midx’ or ‘Westminster’. In a small number of cases the value ‘TBC’ will have been assigned: these are for those listings which appear in Books that cover geographical areas that

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were not present in the prototype ‘Parish listing’ table, and which have subsequently been added to the BookPlace table and need confirmation.

Title Any title, honorific or status indicator assigned to an individual, in the original orthography. The values here are in no way standardised.

Status This field is intended to contain a classified version of the information appearing in the Title field. Status ‘flags’ could be used here to standardise Title values, in order to simplify retrieval and analysis of records based on individuals’ status. No standardised schema has been employed, as the categories chosen should be dictated by the project’s analytical needs.

Gender A standardised field recording an individual’s gender, determined by forename and/or Title. Values are limited to “m”, “f” and “u”. This latter refers both to those instances where gender is unknown, and to where gender is inapplicable.

Fname An individual’s forename as it appears in the source.

FnameStd A standardised form of the forename. See below for a list of the standardised forenames, those original form forenames which have been matched to them, and those original form forenames which have not been standardised.

Sname An individual’s surname as it appears in the source.

Occupation An individual’s occupation as it appears in the source.

OccupStd A standardised form of the occupation. No values have currently been assigned, and no standardised schema has been employed, as the categories chosen should be dictated by the project’s analytical needs.

CollectorCode The value of this field preserves information about the collector/compiler of any listing in a Book where such information is

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included (e.g. Book 40).

ColX Indicates where a column headed ‘x’ is present in the transcript. No meaning as to what ‘x’ represents is inferred, although it is often clear from context what it signifies.

NoHearthsUnpd The total number of hearths left unpaid. The value is entered as an atomic numerical value for the purposes of arithmetical analysis.

NoHearthsPd The total number of hearths paid for. The value is entered as an atomic numerical value for the purposes of arithmetical analysis.

TotalHearths The total number of hearths. The value is entered as an atomic numerical value for the purposes of arithmetical analysis. Where the value is not known, ‘0’ has been entered.

ListingStatus A ‘flag’ field to allow quick identification of the nature of listings:

- ‘J’ signifies a record is part of a joint listing - ‘B’ signifies a record belonging to a group of bracketed listings- ‘S’ signifies a record as being a single, stand-alone listing

AmountDue The amount of money due for taxable hearths (1662-3 listings only)

Chargeable Whether the listing is chargeable or not (Westminster only). Values are ‘yes’ or ‘no’.

Notes Comments/notes that appear in the source. Multiple comments are separated by a semicolon (‘;’).

EditorialComments Comments/notes/explanations made by the transcriber of the source. In addition, comments enclosed in square brackets and beginning with ‘MM’ are those made to explain some aspect of the management of the listing during database processing.

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DATABASE DOCUMENTATION

Note: processing issues which are especially significant, or which may have an impact upon analysis, or which have involved decisions being made at the point of processing, have been highlighted in yellow. These should be considered carefully, and may require changes to be made to the data structure.

Two forms of documenting the processing of transcription data have been employed: Type A, which has all manipulation of listings documented at the level of the Book (within this document), and at the level of the individual record (within the database table itself); and Type B, which documents processing decisions at the level of the Book, with only the most important individual decisions being recorded at the record level. Type B documentation was implemented after discussion with Matthew Davies as a time saving measure, as record-level documentation significantly slowed the data processing. Those Books documented under Type B are noted in this document (see below). It is important to remember however that the actual processing – that is, the decisions and actions taken with the data – remain the same for all Books.

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GENERAL PROCESSING TASKS

The listings from the Hearth Tax returns have been processed in such a way as to maintain maximum flexibility in terms of research potential, whilst at the same time providing for consistency between Books, without losing any information from the transcripts. In general this has involved two basic operations: ‘moving data around’ from the semi-formal structures of the transcriptions to fit within the rigid database structure; and separating source-based data from transcriber-added data. Given the very great degree of inconsistency in the manner of transcription, not only between different Books but also often within the same Book, much of the processing of the returns has necessarily been conducted manually, a less than ideal state of affairs, as this encourages errors. Data integrity checks have been performed, but it is likely that some errors remain.

Data in the Microsoft Excel transcriptions have varied in scope, presentation and content, but in general the same kinds of processing tasks were performed for all Books. Information from columns variously described as ‘Pre-name’, ‘Post-name’, ‘Title’, ‘Status’, ‘Description’ and so on often corresponded to the same data element, and so were moved as required to the ‘Title’, ‘Notes’ and ‘Occupation’ fields in the HearthListings table. Transcriber comments were distinguished from source compiler notes and entered respectively into the ‘EditorialComments’ and ‘Notes’ fields. Values in fields likely to be used for analysis – notably place, name and hearth value fields – were stripped of all non-atomic values. Notes added by the transcriber to values in these fields were moved to ‘EditorialComments’ indicating where they had come from. One exception to this latter was in cases where the transcriber had expanded contractions or abbreviations, signified by enclosing the expansion within square brackets – these were simply stripped from the data rather than moved to another field. Formatting in the transcription3 has been removed, and where the formatting conveyed significant information in its own right this information has been conveyed textually in the ‘EditorialComments’ field. Place, parish, folio and page values were attached to every record, and finally standardised forename and gender values were assigned.

3 Usually italicised text, bold text, text which has had the strikethrough formatting applied, underlined text, superscript text, coloured text or cells, different font styles and sizes, cell borders, and so on.

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SPECIFIC PROCESSING TASKS, ASSUMPTIONS, QUERIES AND THOUGHTS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

1666 LISTINGS

1. The contents of the ‘Preamble’, ‘EndMatter’ and ‘Notes’ fields in the BookPlace table will need to be formatted differently if they are to be used for analysis, as the Excel format (with tabs and hard returns in the text) cannot be duplicated exactly within an Access field. That is, the contents of these fields are included for the sake of completeness, rather than to serve any useful purpose. If these data need to be used coherently, at present reference must be made to the spreadsheets.

2. Listings which are bracketed in the transcripts have been designated in the ‘Notes’ field of the HearthListings table, with the groups of bracketed records identified by reference to their Listing ID value. This processing element has occasionally been very difficult without access to the original source, as it is sometimes impossible to tell in the transcript where one set of brackets ends and another starts.

3. Bracket characters have been stripped from any field that requires atomic values. In other words brackets may have not been stripped from ‘Notes’ but will have been stripped from any of the hearth value fields.

4. Assumptions have been made with regards to the contents of the Place field, notably that the ‘place’ information in the listings comprises a heading, and that all listings beneath each heading correspond to the same place. For example in Book 4, it is assumed that Widd Moore, Peter Morgan, Nathaniell Lee, Richard Eaton, Mathew Killingworth, Joseph Chapman and James Provin all inhabit Globe Yeard. It has further been assumed that records on a new page belong to the same place as the last identified place on the previous page in the absence of any new place indicator at the top of the page.

5. It has not been assumed that brackets signify joint listings.

6. Joint listings (co-habitation or joint responsibility for meeting the hearth taxes) have been flagged as such using the ListingID field (that is, listings which are joint share the same ListingID value).

7. There are several instances where an earl, marquis or Bishop is listed, and their ‘seat’ has been given as their surname (e.g. Dorchester), whilst their title has been added to Title and Occupation. In terms of processing – all the information (ie the full title) has

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been entered into the Title field and duplicated in Occupation, and all information has been stripped from Sname. No attempt has been made to standardise noble titles/honorifics, but this is something worth considering. The choice of approach for handling the records of these individuals might well be considered, and changed to another method, one that will be dictated by how users will be expected (and directed) to search for individuals.

8. Once a standardised schema for occupational values has been implemented, the addition of a field for a broader level classification of occupations (e.g. by industry) might be a worthwhile exercise which would greatly increase analytical potential at a low cost in time and effort.

9. Records in the transcripts which signify crossed out listings (i.e. those which do not indicate an actual return) have been deleted, in order to preserve the ‘one record equals one person’ structure of the database. In these instances a note has been added explaining what has been removed in the preceding record’s ‘EditorialComments’ field (e.g. Book 5, Listing ID 3474 and 3476).

10. All expanded contractions indicated by the use of square brackets have been stripped (e.g. “s[to]ve” has been rendered in its original form “sve”).

11. In those transcripts where the transcriber has assigned a gender value to individuals, the value ‘?’ in Gender has been changed to ‘u’.

12. ‘Francis’ has been treated as male, ‘Frances’ as female and ‘Fran’ and ‘Fra’ as unknown, unless explicit internal evidence to the contrary is available.

13. Precinct and ward values have not been entered unless explicitly recorded in the MS (and transcribed in the transcript).

14. The value ‘[blank]’ in the Fname or Sname field has been taken to infer that no name was given in the ms: in the database the ‘[blank]’ has been removed from the field and a note made to this effect in the EditorialComments field (under Type A documentation). If no value at all is given in the Fname or Sname field, a note appears in the EditorialComments field indicating that it is presumed that no name was given in the ms, to distinguish between the two forms of transcription (again, under Type A documentation).

15. All ‘[***]’, ‘…’ and ‘[…]’ values have been stripped from all fields (and noted under Type A documentation).

16. All punctuation characters have been removed from ‘SName’ field.

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17. Where text has been broken over two or more lines, it has been elided into a single record in the database (and noted under Type A documentation).

18. If struckthrough text is an incomplete word, or represents an illegible deletion, it has been deleted (and noted under Type A documentation). If the struckthrough text is a complete word, the word and its removal are noted in ‘EditorialComments’.

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1666 TRANSCRIBED BOOKS: PROCESSING NOTES

BOOK 1

Type A documentation.

Book 1 contains subtotals and totals which have not been entered into the listings. The only way in which these figures are available to a user of the Microsoft Access database is via the field which links to the full transcript in the Book table.

After page 3, page numbers are no longer given in the transcript, and consequently have not been added in the HearthListings table.

The values of ‘x’ which appear in the field ‘ColX’ were recorded in the spreadsheet in a column entitled ‘pre name’. The ‘x’ therefore appears before the names listed in the source.

BOOK 3



Occupations are abbreviated in this Book, which have been subsequently expanded by the transcriber. The expansions have been stripped from the data.

‘Esqr’ has been removed from the Occupation field and added to the Title field.

As elsewhere, street names have been assumed to persist across pages: for example, Henry Ballowe Mrcht (p2) is assumed to be living in the same ‘Streete syde’ towards the end of p1.

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Unnamed partners are listed in this book. To maintain the ‘one record = one person’ structure of the HearthListings table a record (with no nominal information) has been added to the listing in accordance with the method for accommodating joint listings.

‘Doctor of Physic’ has not been treated consistently in the trasncript: sometimes the phrase has all been entered into the Occupation field; sometimes ‘Doctor’ has been entered into Title and ‘of Physic’ in Occupation. For consistency’s sake the latter has been altered to the former. On the other hand, individuals listed as ‘Doctor’ or ‘Dr’ (without any further indicator of occupation or qualification) have simply had ‘Doctor’ or ‘Dr’ entered in the Title field.

Page numbers disappears after p21.

BOOK 4


Book 4 contains subtotals and totals (some of which have been generated by formulae in the Excel spreadsheet, and thus are presumably transcriber interpolations), and these have not been entered into the listings. The only way in which these figures are available to a user of the Microsoft Access database is via the field which links to the full transcript in the Book table.

Local officers (constables and so on) are named in lists of officers. These have not been entered into the listings.4

Occupations are abbreviated in this Book, which have been subsequently expanded. The expansions have been stripped from the data.

4 There are a number of arguments that the hearth tax data should be organised in a relational data model (such as accommodating ‘deleted names’), and this kind of information is one of them. An alternate database structure, which lists people and their hearth tax listings in separate tables, for example, would enable the preservation of information about people who are not liable for hearth tax but who are mentioned in the source.

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BOOK 5



No page numbers are given, only folio numbers.

Numerous contractions/abbreviations have been expanded in the transcript (indicated by square brackets “[ ]”) – the expansions have been stripped.

Street names have been assumed to persist across pages: for example, Robert Kneightby (fol.3v) is assumed to be living in ‘Newgate markt south’ which is the last location listed at the end of fol.3.

The spreadsheet contains empty lines between blocks of names: these have been silently ignored.

It has been assumed that ‘St Fosters Parish’ is ‘St Vedast, Foster Lane’; that ‘St Michael Greene’ is ‘St Michael le Querne’

The listings for the parish of St Michael le Querne have the number of hearths duplicated in the ColX field for those listings marked with an ‘x’. These duplicated hearth numbers have been removed.

No Gender values were given on fols.31 and 31v. These have been assigned.

BOOK 6


There were two versions of the Excel file for Book 6: ‘06 TNA part six (SD final).xls’ and ‘06 TNA part six (SD final 13-12).xls’. The latter file (having the later last modified date) has been processed. Within this file there are two versions of the transcription (as indicated by a note from SD), Sheet 2 comprising the re-ordered transcript reproducing the page order in the original manuscript, and it is this version which has been processed.

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Book 6 contains page and parish subtotals and totals which have not been entered into the listings. The only way in which these figures are available to a user of the Microsoft Access database is via the field which links to the full transcript in the Book table.

No page numbers are given, only folio numbers

There are no column headings in this transcription. It has been assumed that the first column of numbers in the listings corresponds to the field NoHearthsUnpd, and the second column to the field NoHearthsPd.

No ColX values are given in this Book.

It has been assumed that the Place ‘From the end of Alderman Berrey agaynst the walle’ corresponds to St Alphage London Wall (BookPlaceID 31).

BOOK 8


There were two versions of the Excel file for Book 8: ‘08 TNA part eight (SD final).xls’ and ‘08 TNA part eight (SD final 13-12).xls’. The latter file (having the later last modified date) has been processed.

Book 8 contains page and parish subtotals and totals which have not been entered into the listings. Similarly the names of assessors where they appear independently of the listings have not been entered into the database. The only way in which these data are available to a user of the Microsoft Access database is via the field which links to the full transcript in the Book table.

Page numbers are only given from folio 10.

The head and foot of folios 1-8 are missing, so some of the place name values are lost. It is assumed 'in ye west' refers to St Dunstan in the West.

No ‘Paid Y/N’ values are given in this Book, so all numbers of hearths have been added to the ‘TotalHearths’ field only. That is, records marked ‘x’ have not been taken to indicate where the listing has been paid.

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At the top of the pages for entries for St Bride Fleet Street there appears the text ‘More of St Brides’. Where this appears it has been assumed that the value of the Place field remains the same as the last value on the previous page.

There is no page 11 in the transcription (i.e. pagination skips from 10 to 12). However as the page for both folios 16 and 16v is given as 12, the values in the Page field of the database for the records on folio 16 have been altered to ‘11’.

The entries for St Bride Fleet Street are liberally interspersed with deletions and amendments. In instances where an entire name/record has been deleted in the MS, the deleted record has not been entered into the database to preserve the ‘one record = one person’ structure of the table. Where only the contents of a single field is deleted in the MS, the record is preserved in the database.

BOOK 9

Type B documentation.


No page numbers are given, only folios.

The transcript has separate columns to record variations of ‘poor’ and ‘empty’ (rather than the single column for ‘Notes’ employed in other transcripts). These have been elided into the ‘Notes’ field in the database, where this information has been recorded for other Books.

The head of the transcript reads: “CHECKER'S COMMENT: In this ms entries are frequently bracketed together using a single, long curled bracked on one or other side of the numbers of hearths. Where this is the case, the entries covered by the brackets have been indicated in the "{" field, although this does not always correspond exactly with the position of the bracket in the original ms. The scribes appear to have done this in order to group together entries where those named were poor, or where properties were empty. In the empty/poor fields the position of the words "emtie" or "poore" on the ms has been indicated as closely as possible. Where the curled bracket on the ms appears to indicate a series of paupers or empty properties, either "[emty]" or "[poore]" has been placed within squared brackets beside those entries where the words to not actually

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appear on the document. In a couple of places a series of entries are grouped together for no apparent reason. In these cases the scribe has probably simply omitted to note that the inhabitants should be classed as poor.“ These ‘extra’ values have been removed from the database.

On a number of occasions single listings have been marked with a bracket symbol, although it is evident that they are not grouped with any other listing. In these instances the bracket symbol has been silently ignored.

Some of listings are located in ‘St Seplchers Parrish wthout ye Freedom of London’ – should these be listed as ‘City’ or ‘Midx’ records?

BOOK 10


There were two versions of the Excel file for Book 10: ‘10 TNA part ten (final).xls’ and ‘10 TNA part ten (SD final 13-12).xls’. The latter file (having the later last modified date) has been processed.

There is a Book 10 part 2 in the transcript, which comprises listings dated Michaelmas 1666. This second part (which begins on folio 18) has not been entered into the database in order to avoid the duplication of records.

Until page 8, page numbers are only given on alternate ‘pages’ – that is, the change in page number corresponds to the change in folio number (f1 =p1, f1v =no page number, f2=p2 etc.). From folio 5 to 7v no indication is given of any verso pages – there are no references to fol.5v, 6v. The same is true from folio 9 onwards. Folio 7v and folio 8v page numbers are given to versos. From folio 9 the page numbers disappear again.


BOOK 11

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There were two versions of the Excel file for Book 11: ‘11 TNA part eleven (final).xls’ and ‘11 TNA part eleven (SD final 13-12).xls’. The latter file (having the later last modified date) has been processed.

There are two copies of the Lady Day 1666 returns (the latter starting on row 646, folios 13-20). The lists are not identical, although a significant number of names appear in both, often with the same occupations and number of hearths. Only the first set of listings has been entered into the database to avoid duplication.


Page numbers restart at folio 13 (the beginning of the second St Botolph without Aldersgate’s listing).

Some of the hearth values in this book are fractions (e.g. folio 6 ‘4.5’, folio 6v ‘7.8’). These have been left as such in the database, but may refer to something else (i.e. ‘4/5’, ‘7/8’). This is the only Book where hearth values are not integers.

BOOK 16


Book 16 contains page and parish subtotals and totals which have not been entered into the listings. Similarly the names of assessors where they appear independently of the listings have not been entered into the database. The only way in which these figures are available to a user of the Microsoft Access database is via the field which links to the full transcript in the Book table.



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BOOK 18


Book 18 starts with what appear to be totals (possibly page totals) by area. These have been entered in the ‘Notes’ field of the Book table, rather than in the HearthListings table.

The transcript notes: “[Note: This ms has original and archival foliation, which do not correspond. Orignal foliation is given as F 1, F1v etc, archival foliation as f 1, f 1v etc.]” . For the purposes of entering the listings into the database, the original foliation has been used for the HearthListings table.


BookPlace ID 107, the Tower of London Liberty, needs to have a ‘City’ or ‘Midx’ designation (one was not assigned in the database prototype).

No ‘Paid Y/N’ values are given in this Book, so all numbers of hearths have been added to the ‘TotalHearths’ field only. That is, records marked ‘x’ have not been taken to indicate where the listing has been paid (although in this Book at least it is evident that this is what ‘x’ means – e.g. folios 13v, 20).

Subtotals appear mid-listing in this Book, not just at the end of pages or the end of areas. These have been ignored in the database.

Throughout folios 14-21v there are a large number of listings which are bracketed which in this Book may indicate houses destroyed in the Fire (rather than poor/empty) – see the Note for Listing ID 22426 in the HearthListings table.

Folio 52-60v contains additional contemporary notes regarding some of the individual listings (possibly those remaining unpaid, although it is not completely clear). Although these notes are semi-structured in listing format, they have not been entered into the HearthListings table as they deal with individuals already listed.

BOOK 19


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The transcript is headed with the remark: “Michael Power's note: NB From f 00324 to 00327 there is another loose leaf version of Dionis Backchurch and Grace church which looks like an original assessment. The names are identical to those in the bound in version. I have used the loose leaf version, in which the handwriting is clearer, to correct spelling and to add an occasional name not in the bound version, and indicated each alteration by an asterisk. Simon Dixon's note: where Michael Power had ammended a spelling from the bound version I have entered the original spelling in the "dixon comments" field. Where the * appears to denote clarification rather than an alteration I have left the transcript as it is and deleted the *. The alternate version of the assessment appears to be a rough copy.” For the database version all asterisks have been removed, and SD’s additional notes from the ‘Dixon Comments’ field (which are preserved in the ‘EditorialComments’ field of the HearthListings table) are instead prefaced with ‘SD_’


The transcript of Book 19 has two fields labelled ‘title’ – the values of which have been elided into the single ‘Title’ field in the HearthListings table.

A number of records have contemporary insertion of names in the ‘Fname’ and ‘Sname’ fields alongside the names being replaced – the inserted names have been kept as the value whilst the ‘replaced’ name has been moved to the ‘EditorialComments’ field.

Book 19 does not have page numbers throughout: they have been recorded where they are given.

BOOK 20


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This Book appears to be a duplicate of Book 19, although the parishes included are not identical. It is missing the parishes of St Benet Gracechurch and St Dionis Backchurch, however it does include the listings for St James Duke Place and the liberty of Bevis Marks which are not present in Book 19. Where the parishes overlap between Book 19 and 20, there is also a large degree of duplication of individuals. Only the records from St James Duke Place and the liberty of Bevis Marks from this Book have been entered into the database.

There is no entry in the table BookPlace for Book 20 in the prototype developed by Matthew Davies. The relevant record has been added.

There are no page numbers in this Book, only folios.

BOOK 21


This book specifically covers the parish of St Botolph Aldgate ‘within the bounds of the city and the Holy Trinity Minories’, that is the upper part of the parish falling within the jurisdication of the City (Portsoken Ward).

Page numbers are only given for Part 2 from p3 (Fol 34) onwards.

From Fol 36 ‘x’ marks very occasionally appear in the ‘Pre’ column of the transcript – these have been moved to the ‘ColX’ field of the HearthListings table.

On folios 40v, 43, 44 and 51 there are a number of listings where the only value recorded is ‘…’ in the ‘Mark’ or ‘SName’ columns (i.e. no names, identifiers or hearth values given at all). These have been removed from the database version.

The transcript records: “[Note: This ms has original and archival foliation, which do not correspond. Orignal foliation is given as F 1, F1v etc, archival foliation as f 1, f 1v etc]”. In the database version only the original foliation is used. In the transcription there are several errors in the sequence of foliation which have been silently corrected in the database version.

‘Goody’ and ‘Goodman’ have been treated as ‘Title’ values, rather than ‘Fname’ values where they have appeared in the latter column in the transcript.

23

This book seems to contain several hearth tax listings (ie. part 21/1 and 21/2). The latter begins from folio 33 and contains more information than part 1, notably about exemptions. Part 2 has been entered into the database, part 1 has been deleted from the database after being processed and entered.

In part 2, Houndsditch Precinct is not identified in the source. The Houndsditch records are however identifiable from part 1, and correspond to the records listed ahead of the High Street precinct listings.

This Book contains a number of instances where several (or often more) names are bracketed together, with one or more of the names not given a hearth value. Contrary to the general rule regarding the identification of joint listings (see above) these have not been treated as joint listings due to the specific and suggestive nature of the listing arrangement.

BOOK 22




This book does not appear in the list of Books in the in the original prototype developed by Matthew Davies.

Book 22 has two sets of listings, 22/1 and 22/1, which appear to be versions of the same listings. Only the first part, 22/1 (ff.1 to 34 of the source) have been entered into the database, as it provides more detailed information in the listings.

This book specifically covers the parish of St Botolph ‘withoutAldgate and the precinct of St Katherine’, that is the lower part of the parish (East Smithfield) falling outisde the jurisdication of the City and the peculiar jurisdiction of St Katherines by the Tower. The records of this book therefore been given the value Midx in the ‘CityMidx’ field. Note, however, that the preface to 22/1 incorrectly suggests that its listings cover the part of the parish that falls within the City (that is, Portsoken ward): “An Accompt of the Duty of Hearth money collected within that parte of the Parish of St. Buttolphs Aldgate as lyeth within the Liberties of London And within the Parish of St. Katherines Tower for one

24

halfe yeare ended the 25th day of March 1666”. Comparison with the names listed in the 1671 hearth tax exemptions for East Smithfield (TNA E 179/143/367 ff.327-336v) seems to confirm that this listing covers East Smithfield (and St Katherines), not Portsoken ward (and St Katherines).

Following reflection and revision, Book 22 part 1 (22/1) was subsequently entered into the database after originally being left out from the initial conversion.

A significant quantity of queries and interpolations has been added into the ‘Notes’ field of the transcript, contained within […] brackets. These have been moved into ‘EditorialComments’ (or in the case of “[?]” stripped from the listings).

The designation of ‘widow’ appears in both the ‘Title’ and ‘Status’ fields of the transcript: in the database conversion all have been entered into the ‘Title’ field.

A number of listings have values in the ‘Notes’ column split across several lines of the transcript: these have been concatenated into a single value in the ‘Notes’ field.

In the ‘Notes’ field of the transcript for folios 1 to 3 the value ‘St’ appears a number of times: it is possible that this is a designation of ‘Street’ and should therefore be entered into the ‘Place’ field, although this has not been done.

There are a number of instances where large numbers of records which are bracketed together, and it is not clear from the transcript where one set of brackets end and the next begin. Best guess based on internal evidence has been used to assign the bracket groups.

On several occasions in the transcript there are a number of rows where the only data that appear is a ‘.’ in the Notes column. These rows have been removed from the database conversion.

BOOK 25


Transcribed notes and descriptions appear in the spreadsheet in at least two columns, these have been moved to the single ‘Notes’ field in the HearthListings table.


25

Information about Book 25 had to be added to the Book and BookPlace tables. These records need to be confirmed: e.g. is it a Middlesex or City area? The relevant records in the HearthListings table have been flagged as City records, and will need to be changed if this is incorrect.


Listings on folios 3v to 5 have no Gender values given – these have been assigned.

BOOK 26


This book covers parts of St Dunstans in the West, and a part of St Giles in the Fields, evidently the other part to that covered in Book 27 (see below).

The Book is divided into three parts. 26/1 covers St Dunstans in the West, the listings up to line 397 are not found in Book 8 (the Book which ostensibly covers this parish); those listings on lines 435-587 are duplicates of those found in Book 8 (indicated by spot checks). These latter have not been entered into the database as listings (although the text has been entered in the Notes field of the Book table), whilst the former have. Parts 26/2 and 26/3 cover St Giles in the Fields, and do not duplicate the listings in Book 27: however 26/3 appears to be a second copy of 26/2 without anything in the way of additional information and arranged in a different order, and therefore 26/3 has not been entered into the database.

No page numbers are given, only folio numbers. Folio numbers start at 1 again at the beginning of each Part.


Multiple text colours have been stripped from the transcription

26

BOOK 27


This book covers ‘one Moyety of the parish of St Giles in ye Feilds’. The record in the BookPlace table from the original prototype of the database indicates that the parish of St Giles in the Fields, Middx appears in Book 26. A new record for Book 27 has been created (BookPlaceID 162).


No Gender values were given, and these have been assigned.

This Book has subtotals of hearth numbers for each street/yard/lane etc., which have not been incorporated into the HearthListings table.

BOOK 28


This book contains two sets of listings, the latter (beginning at line 1997 of the transcript) a list of arrears. The names appearing in these listings also appear in the first set of listings. The latter list only contains some of the names in the former list, presumably those in arrears only, and so the former list has been entered into the database – many correspond to those listed as having hearths unpaid. The arrears section has been added to the ‘EndMatter’ field of the Book table.

No page numbers are given, only folio numbers. Page numbers appear mid-folio from folio 20, starting at page 11. These have not been entered into the database, as they do not appear at the top of a page of listings.

The number of hearths listed in the spreadsheet appear in two columns both headed ‘No. of hearths’. Those that appear in listings marked in the leftmost column have been assumed to correspond to those paid; those in the rightmost, to those unpaid (this is based on the fact that many of the listings with the number of hearths in the right column are listed as ‘empty’, or from other internal evidence).

27

Folios 6 and 6v have a number of geographical locations which are specific (named) houses – Somerset House, Worcester House, Exeter House etc. and it is not always clear which listings these cover.

The foliation between 8v and 13 is unclear.

BOOK 29




Folio 45v has numerous struckthrough totals and subtotals in the margins which have not been entered into the database.

On folio 15 there is the place designation ‘Charles Street South Syde´ but there are no listings that accompany it.

This Book contains a number of instances where several (or often more) names are bracketed together, with one or more of the names not given a hearth value. Contrary to the general rule regarding the identification of joint listings (see above) these have not been treated as joint listings due to the specific and suggestive nature of the listing arrangement.

BOOK 30


Page numbers begin at ‘page 3’ from folio 3.

No ‘ColX’ values are given in this Book.

A variety of font styles and sizes are used in the transcript.

28

From folio 7 the listings are for the parish of ‘St Andrew Holborn, Middlesex’. A new record has been added to the existing (City of London) St Andrew Holborn record in the table BookPlace to represent this.

In the transcript there are two columns labelled ‘Hearths’, presumably for those paid and those unpaid, but the two columns are not distinguished. From the values in the Notes field (‘Empty’ etc.) it has been assumed that the leftmost column refers to paid listings, and the rightmost refers to unpaid listings.

BOOK 31



A variety of font styles, colours and sizes are used in the transcript.


This Book has what appears to be two levels of topographical referencing: at the top of each page is a street name with an index of the specific alley/court/yard designations that appear in the listings themselves. Presumably there is a geographical relationship between the two levels. In the database, the ‘street’ level designation has been incorporated into the Place value for the records with the first of the second level (alley/court/yard) designations for that page, separated by a colon, e.g. ‘Jewin Street South: Three pigeon Court’ (folio 4). For records with subsequent second level designations on a page, the street level designation has not been included, e.g. ‘Three pigeon Court’ (folio 4).

All of the listings on folio 40v and 76v are bracketed, and it is not clear from the transcript which precise listings are bracketed with which. A large number of other folios have groups of listings where it is not clear in the transcript which brackets apply to which listings.

The hearth values are provided in Roman numerals in the transcript, these have been changed to numeric values for the database.

29

No column headings are given in the transcript. Given that the hearth values are provided in Roman numerals, it has been assumed that the column that only contains the value ‘x’ corresponds to the ‘ColX’ field.

BOOK 32


This Book has subtotals of hearth numbers for each folio, which have not been incorporated into the HearthListings table.


No Gender values were given, and these have been assigned.

The majority of unpaid hearth listings on folios 2v, 3, 3v, 7, 7v and 11 are listed with brackets, and it is sometimes impossible to tell from the spreadsheet which listings are bracketed with which. This will need recourse to the ms to clarify. Currently internal evidence in ‘Notes’ has been used to guess at which records are grouped together.

Bracket characters to indicate records that are grouped together appear in a number of columns in the spreadsheet. These have been moved to the ‘Notes’ field for consistency.

‘Newington Borough Liberty’ and ‘Upper Barnsbury Liberty’ appear as geographical units in this book, and they have been added to the BookPlace table as values 163 and 164 respectively. These will need to be checked/confirmed.

BOOK 33




30

No page numbers are given, only folio numbers. These latter do not appear to have verso references (i.e. only f.1, f.2, f.3 etc. are given, not f.1v etc.) – these references may well be page numbers rather than folio numbers, but they have been entered into the database as folios.


The ‘Fname’ values in this book are largely abbreviated in the MS, which have been expanded in the transcript (as noted by the use of ‘[ ]’). These expansions have been stripped from the records in the database version.

There are several instances in the transcript where the ‘Fname’ value has been repeated in the ‘Sname’ field, along with the surname of the individual in question (e.g. Listing ID 13084). These have not been altered in the database version.

BOOK 34


No Gender values appear in the transcript, and these have been assigned.

No ‘ColX’ values appear in the transcript.

The number of hearths listed in the transcript appear in two, unnamed columns. Those that appear in listings marked in the leftmost column have been assumed to correspond to those paid; those in the rightmost, to those unpaid (this is based on the fact that many of the listings with the number of hearths in the right column are listed as ‘empty’, or from other internal evidence).

‘Folio 4r’ is entered as ‘f54r:’ in the spreadsheet. It has been entered as folio 4 in the HearthListings table.

‘Old Ford’ and ‘Newington Green’ were added as records to the BookPlace table.

31

BOOK 35


No Gender values appear in the transcript, and these have been assigned.


The number of hearths listed in the transcript appear in two, unnamed columns. Those that appear in listings marked in the leftmost column have been assumed to correspond to those paid; those in the rightmost, to those unpaid (this is based on the fact that many of the listings with the number of hearths in the right column are listed as ‘empty’, or from other internal evidence).

A large number of folios have groups of listings where it is not clear in the transcript which brackets apply to which listings. In places, such as folio 2v, it is clear that some listings should be treated as joint listings, but the placing of the brackets in the transcript makes it impossible to discern which are which. In these instances the listings have been designated as discrete rather than joint listings.

BOOK 36

Type A/B documentation.


Listings are subdivided into: Lymehowse Poplor & Blackwall Hamlett; Limehouse; Stepney Parish Spittlefeilds Hamlett; Bednall Green; Mile End; Stepney Parrish: Rattcliffe Hamblett; The Hamlett of Shadwell in the Parish of Stepney, Upper Shadwell Northside; these have not been entered as new ‘Place’ records in the table BookPlace

Folio 14v is (erroneously) labelled as ‘folio 14r’ in the spreadsheet.

From folio 19r the page number values disappear.

Multiple text colours have been stripped from the transcription.

From Listing ID 15622 this Book shifts to Type B documentation.

Bracketed listings are represented in the transcript with brackets in a variety of columns rather than a single column – each such column has been treated as conveying the same information.

32

Fol 46v – Cutthroat Lane is identified, but then is not replaced by any other street name – as per the rules of processing Cutthroat Lane is used subsequently throughout until some other street/place name appears.

On folio 58v it is difficult to tell from the transcription which records are bracketed with which. In some cases the groupings have been guessed at in the database version based on internal evidence.

BOOK 37

Type A documentation for 37/1, Type B for 37/2.



There is a Book 37 part 2 in the transcript which overlaps with some of the listings in 37/1. 37/2 has listings for the areas of Upper Hale, Lower Hale, Page Street, Pinner and Greenhill (Girnell) which do not appear in 37/1, and these (only – a total of 113 listings) have been entered into the database.

In 37/1 only ‘TotalHearths’ values are given: the data are not divided into Paid/Unpaid values. The listings have all had their hearths value entered in the ‘TotalHearths’ field, and no distinction has been made. However it should be possible to work out which listings were paid and which were not from the ‘Notes’ values, as these record either a sum of money (presumably what was paid) in £: s: d format, or an indication of exemption. For those data taken from 37/2 values are given in the ‘NoHearthsPd’ and ‘NoHearthsUnPd’ fields.

It has been assumed that ‘Harow Towne’ corresponds to the parish of Harrow on the Hill; and that ‘Kenton Presson & Uxenden’ corresponds to the parish of Kenton.


A number of records have values given in a ‘Status/Occup’ column in the transcript: these values have been moved to the ‘Title’ field in the database.

33

BOOK 38



On folio 7v the listings recorded are those of :

Twickenam Towne & parish

Whitton

and it is not clear whether these records correspond to BookPlace ID 101 ‘Twickenham town and parish’ or 113 ‘Witton’ (from the table BookPlace). The latter has been used in processing.

From folio 28 onwards of the transcript the arrangement of the columns changes: the two hearth value columns and the comments column shift one column to the right

It has been assumed that ‘Southwood’ represents the parish of Southall.

BOOK 39



This Book has a number of geographical references which are not matched by the places listed in the BookPlace table for Book 39. New records have been added to the BookPlace table to accommodate these places.

34

BOOK 40


The order of the page numbers is not sequential, and has gaps etc.

For listings where the tax is unpaid, the ‘CollectorCode’ field has been left empty.

It has been assumed that “Brunton” refers to Brompton.

BOOK 41

This book has not been entered into the database, as it appears to deal entirely with aggregate totals.

35

1662-3 LISTINGS

1. As for 1666 listings with the addition of the following:

2. There are no Book numbers associated with the 1662-3 listings in the transcriptions. As Book numbers are used in the database as primary keys (specifically in the relationship between the Book table and the BookPlace table) it has been necessary to assign arbitrary values in the ‘BookNo’ field. These values are four-digit numbers beginning with ‘10##’ (for example the transcript of E 179/252/27, Bishopgate ward, has been assigned the ‘BookNo’ value 1001).

3. Highlighted references at the beginning of transcriptions to specific transcriber’s notes that appear subsequently in the listings have been silently removed. For example, the note at the top of the Bishopgate ward listings reads: “[Please note comment next to row 626, which ought to be incorporated into a footnote.]”. This has been removed as the note it refers to at row 626 is incorporated into the individual level record in the database.

4. The transcriber notes that: “For referencing purposes, the rotulet number in the left hand column of each spreadsheet records the position of that rotulet within the original complete roll ... The corresponding entry in the right hand column is the TNA reference as at October 2009.” These latter references are used in the database records, and are entered into the ‘Rot’ field of the HearthListings table.

5. The listings from 1662-3 have been given the value ‘1662’ in the ‘HTYear’ field of the HearthListings table. This value is used to distinguish 1662-3 listings from 1666 listings should it be necessary to do so.

6. The 1662-3 listings do not distinguish between hearths paid and hearths unpaid, so the number of hearths values have all been entered into the ‘TotalHearths’ field.

7. Where ‘AmountDue’ values have been interpolated by the transcriber (as indicated by the use of square brackets), the brackets have been silently removed (i.e. ‘[10s]’ has been rendered as ‘10s’).

36

1662-3 TRANSCRIPTIONS PROCESSING NOTES

ALDERSGATE WARD

The transcript for this ward has not been entered into the database – see below Appendix 1.

BISHOPGATE WARD


Returns for ‘St Hellens parrish’ and ‘In the precinct of St Ethelborough’ were not transcribed.

These listings contain subtotals and totals which have not been entered into the listings. They have been entered into the ‘Notes’ field of the Book table.

Instances of superscript formatting were removed from the transcription.

BREAD STREET WARD


BRIDGE WARD


37

The transcript for this ward is prefaced with a transcriber’s note: “[The only part of Bridge ward not accounted for in 1666 would seem to be any part of St Martin Orgar parish which may have been taxed in this ward. No assessment for this parish appears in the surviving 1662-3 Bridge ward assessment, but St Martin Orgar does appear in the assessment for Candlewick Street ward. Since parishes generally only seem to appear in one ward in the 1662-3 assessment, it seems likely that the Candlewick Street ward assessment covers all parts of St Martin Orgar parish. However, part of the 1662-3 assessment for Bridge ward is almost certainly missing, so this cannot be confirmed. E 179/367/8 Part 1, m 23 formed either rot 116 or rot 117 of the original roll: if 116, then the missing 117 was all for Bridge ward; if 117 then the missing rot 116 would have contained sections of Aldgate ward, or Bridge ward, or (more probably) both. Furthermore, the final section of the Bridge ward assessment for 1662-3 cannot be ascribed to a particular parish, and none of the people listed have been found within the surviving assessments for 1666. It is headed simply 'The third precinct in Thamestreete', and is transcribed below. Further investigation may identify the area concerned. Another precinct, of which only the words 'Thames Street' survive of the damaged heading, appears in the Dowgate ward assessment, and may possibly relate to another part of the same area.]”

BROAD STREET WARD


The returns in this transcript include listings from the precinct of St Martins Outwich. This precinct also appears in the Bishopgate Ward transcript, although the named individuals are different in the two sets of listings.

CANDLEWICK WARD


The listings for a number of precincts in this ward have not been transcribed: St Clements Eastcheape precinct; the east precinct of St Michaell next Crookedlane; the west precinct of St Michaell next Crookedlane, the precinct of St Leonards Eastcheape.

38

CASTLE BAYNARD WARD


The listings for a number of precincts in this ward have not been transcribed: the West precinct of the parish of St Gregoryes; the East precinct of the parish of St Gregoryes; the parish of Christchurch in the ward of Castlebaynard; the south precinct in the parish of St Gregoryes.

CHEAP WARD


The listings for a number of precincts in this ward have not been transcribed: the Precinct of St Lawrence Jewry; Soper Lane precinct; the precinct of Alhallowes Hony Lane; the parish of St Benett Sherehogg; St Lawrence Lane Precinct; t he precinct of St Mary Colechurch; the precinct of St Martins Ironmonger Lane.

COLEMAN STREET WARD


CORDWAINER WARD


39

The listings for a number of precincts in this ward have not been transcribed: an illegible precinct at E 179/147/625 Part 1, rot 19; the precinct of Pancras Soperlane, St Bennett Sherehogg & St John Baptist parishes; the upper precinct of St Antholins parish; the lower precinct of St Antholins parish.

CORNHILL WARD


CRIPPLEGATE WARD


DOWGATE WARD


The transcript for this ward is prefaced with a transcriber’s note: “[The Dowgate assessment is badly damaged and incomplete. Also, the precinct headings are a little inconsistent, and the identity of the final precinct, for which only the words 'Thames Street' survive in the heading, is unknown. However, a precinct with a similar heading also appears in Bridge ward.]”

Two records in the transcript simply read ‘[deleted entry]’. These two records have not been entered into the database.

The listings for a number of precincts in this ward have not been transcribed: In the Precinct of St Johns.

40

FARRINGDON WITHIN WARD


The listings for a number of precincts in this ward have not been transcribed: St Michaells Querne precinct Southside; the Precinct of Sadlers Hall & Gutter Lane; the Precinct of St Faithes; St Ewins Precinct; the first precinct of Christchurch parish; the precinct of St Peters Cheapside; the precinct of St Martins Ludgate Southside; the precinct of St Michaells Querne Northside; St Martins Ludgate precinct Northside; the Precinct of St Faiths Paulls Churchyard; the Precinct of Christchurch Second precinct; St Sepulchers precinct in Christchurch parish; the precinct of St Fosters Goldsmythes Rowe.

The transcript for this ward is prefaced with a transcriber’s note: “[It is unclear whether the area described here as the precinct of St Mary Staining and St Olave Silver Street was included in the 1666 assessment. It has therefore been transcribed below, but can be omitted if not necessary.]”

LIME STREET WARD


QUEENHITHE WARD


The transcript for this ward is prefaced with a transcriber’s note: “Please note that footnotes or similar are needed for the sum total for the second precinct of St Michael Queenhithe [row 354], which is one fewer than it ought to be when the hearths are totalled, and also for the entry in row 729, where the figures given (hearths and amount payable) do not correlate.”

41

VINTRY WARD


The transcript for this ward is prefaced with a transcriber’s note: “[The assessment for Vintry ward is badly damaged, and various sections are missing. The ward was assessed in precincts, at least 8 in number, and it is unclear whether they bear any relationship to the parishes which lay within the ward. No street names are recorded, although some particular buildings do appear within the assessment.”

Two records in the transcript simply read ‘[deleted entry]’. These two records have not been entered into the database.

WALBROOK WARD


The transcript for this ward is prefaced with a transcriber’s note: “[The fourth precinct, headed simply 'In the precinct of Walbrook, can be identified as relating to the parish of St Stephen Walbrook. A footnote may be useful if these details are used.]”

The listings for a number of precincts in this ward have not been transcribed: the first precinct in the ward of Walbrooke in St Swit[hens]; the second precinct of the parish of St Swithens; the precinct of St Mary Woolchurch; the precinct of Walbrook; St John the Baptist, Walbrook.

42

WESTMINSTER LISTINGS

1. As for 1666 listings with the addition of the following:

2. No manuscript/archival reference is given in the transcript, and so no such value is given in the ‘MDRef’ field in the Book table of the database.

3. There are no Book numbers associated with the Westminster listings in the transcriptions. As Book numbers are used in the database as primary keys (specifically in the relationship between the Book table and the BookPlace table) it has been necessary to assign an arbitrary value in the ‘BookNo’ field. This value follows the sequence used for the 1662-3 listings (‘1016’).

4. The 1662-3 listings do not distinguish between hearths paid and hearths unpaid, so the number of hearths values have all been entered into the ‘TotalHearths’ field. In addition, the transcript records these values in Roman numerals – these have been converted to Arabic numerals for the database version to facilitate analysis (the Roman versions have been entered into the ‘notes’ field of the HearthListings table). The conversion was conducted prior to database process (evidently manually), and a number of errors in the conversion were corrected before the listings were imported into the database.

5. Text formatting has been stripped from the transcript.

6. Type B documentation has been used.

7. These listings divide individual records into those that are chargeable and those that are not. To accommodate this information, the field ‘Chargeable’ has been added to the HearthListings table.

8. Lists of officers appear periodically through the listings, these have been entered into the ‘Notes’ field of the Book table.

9. Street names for individual listings have been modernised in the transcript – these have been replaced with the original version (which are given as subheadings in the transcript) in the database.

10. The first seven listings on membrane 8d, and the first nine on membrance 13 did not have their TotalHearths value converted from Roman to Arabic in the transcript. Similarly a number of other individual listings are missing their converted value. The Arabic value was added for the database version.

11. A number of listings have been split over two lines in the transcript, which have been reconstituted in a single record in the database.

43

12. On membranes 21 and 24 a number of editorial comments are repeated several times in several columns on the same line. The repetitions have been deleted in the database version.

13. There is no statement to this effect in the transcript, but is it possible that some level of forename standardisation has already taken place during transcription? There appears to be very little variation amongst the more common forenames.

1664 MIDDLESEX LISTINGS

1. As for 1666 listings, with the addition of the following:

2. There are no Book numbers associated with the three 1664 Middlesex listings in the transcriptions. As Book numbers are used in the database as primary keys (specifically in the relationship between the Book table and the BookPlace table) it has been necessary to assign an arbitrary value in the ‘BookNo’ field. This value follows the sequence used for the 1662-3 and Westminster listings (beginning from ‘1017’ for these listings).

3. Text formatting has been stripped from the transcript.

4. Type B documentation has been used.

5. The 1664 Middlesex listings do not distinguish between hearths paid and hearths unpaid, so the number of hearths values have all been entered into the ‘TotalHearths’ field. In addition, the transcript records these values in Roman numerals – these have been converted to Arabic numerals for the database version to facilitate analysis (the Roman versions have been entered into the ‘notes’ field of the HearthListings table). The conversion was conducted prior to database process (evidently manually), and a number of errors in the conversion were corrected before the listings were imported into the database (it was assumed the Roman version was correct).

1664 MIDDLESEX TRANSCRIPTIONS PROCESSING NOTES

HACKNEY


44

The transcript is explicitly divided into chargeable and non-chargeable records, and so a yes/no value has been added in the ‘Chargeable’ field.


On membrane 1d a subtitle reads ‘Empty houses with ye owners names’ in a location on the transcript otherwise used for topographical information. It has been assumed that this subtitle applies to all following records up to the next topographical subtitile. This phrase has been added to the ‘Notes’ field of all such records. A similar situation occurs on membrane 2 regarding some ‘Empty houses’.

A number of notes are split across multiple rows in the transcript: these have been combined into a single row and added to the relevant record.

On membrane 2d when the listings change to ‘Growe and Well Streete’, a transcriber’s note reads ‘Possibly Iwell Streete’: this has been added to the ‘EditorialComments’ field for all records under this topographical subheading.

When the listings change to those non-chargeable records on membrane 2d, it has been assumed that the topographical information no longer applies. That is, it has been assumed that the non-chargeable listings are a distinct list from the preceding chargeable listings.

The final five listings are not presented as if appearing on a new membrane in the transcript, although the subheading that appears throughout at the top of a new membrane appears above them. It has not been assumed that they should be treated as if on a new membrane in the conversion, although it is a possibility that they should.

GREENFORD AND PERIVALE



No folio, page or membrane references are given in the transcript.


45

Before the 40th record the subheading ‘Perrivall’ appears, suggesting that that preceding records pertain to Greenford. It is possible therefore that the ‘Place’ value for the preceding records should be changed to ‘Greenford’.

ASHFORD



No folio, page or membrane references are given in the transcript.

46

APPENDIX 1: 1662-3 LISTINGS TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

The following notes were compiled by Jonathan Mackman whilst transcribing the 1662-3 listings for the ‘missing’ 1666 areas of London:

The surviving rotulets of the London assessment roll for the 1662-3 collection of the Hearth Tax have become dispersed over the years, and can now be found in four separate pieces at The National Archives. The largest group of rotulets form the roll now at E 179/252/27, while others are at E 179/367/8 Part 1, E 179/147/625 Part 1 and E 179/238/110 Part 1. All four of these collections are badly muddled, and the current order of the rotulets does not reflect their order in the original assessment roll. Approximately sixteen of the original c.138 rotulets are missing, and many of the surviving rotulets are incomplete, damaged or partially illegible. A copy of a reconstruction of the original roll, made during the E 179 project in 2002 and modified during this work, has been included with the transcript files for reference.

~

The attached Excel spreadsheets contain the sections of the 1662-3 assessment which correspond to the gaps identified in the 1666 assessment books, according to the table of references supplied by Peter Seaman. Each file contains details taken from the assessment for a particular ward (the major unit used in this assessment). There are no files for the six wards where no sections were identified as missing (Bassishaw , Billingsgate , Farringdon Without, Langbourn , Portsoken and Tower), and there is no file for Aldgate, as the only area noted as missing in the table, St James Dukes Place, has apparently now been identified in the 1666 material.

The Aldersgate file contains only an unchecked draft completed before the identification of the ‘missing’ 1666 sections by Peter Seaman. It is included for information only, and certainly should not be published in its present form. The Lime Street file contains no transcription, only a note on the assessment, while the Bridge ward file contains the transcription of only one precinct which may or (as seems more likely) may not form part of an assessment for St Martin Orgar parish, missing in 1666. The file for Cripplegate contains only the assessment for St John Zachary, again an area supposedly now identified as being within Book 12 of the 1666 assessment. However, none of the individuals listed in the 1662-3 assessment can be found in the 1666 assessment, so it

47

has been transcribed just in case it is needed; further research is needed to establish this. The other files all contain the missing sections identified in ‘Table 2’, together with reference details of the un-transcribed sections of the 1662-3 assessment for each ward.

While the 1662-3 assessment was primarily arranged by ward, individual parishes, even those which crossed ward boundaries, do not seem to appear in more than one ward. It therefore seems likely that individual parishes were actually assessed as a whole, and were then simply recorded under one ward. However, it is difficult to be certain of this, since many wards contain headings referring to ‘precincts’, either instead of or alongside parishes, often named simply ‘First’, ‘Second’, etc, and it is difficult to know precisely which areas these relate to. For instance, all taxpayers from St Peter Cornhill parish are probably recorded in the Cornhill ward assessment, even those technically living in Lime Street ward, but since the Cornhill ward assessment is divided into four numbered precincts, this is difficult to confirm.

~

The 1662-3 roll was clearly a final, ‘fair copy’ of the assessment, rather than a ‘working’ document of the type surviving for 1666, and hence the information is much more processed and standardised than the 1666 material. The entries provide little more than the names of the taxpayers, together with occasional details such as ‘junior’, ‘senior’, ‘widow’, ‘poor’, etc, the number of taxable hearths and the amount due. The occupation or status of the individual is rarely recorded. The names have been transcribed exactly as they appear in the roll, and have not been modernised (hence ‘Beniamin’ rather than ‘Benjamin’, and ‘feild’ rather than ‘field’). Single illegible or missing letters have been silently incorporated where there is no doubt as to what is missing; the condition of the manuscript made this necessary to avoid producing an over-complicated transcript. Larger editorial additions have been added in [square brackets], as have illegible or missing numbers of hearths or sums payable which were calculated from the other surviving figures. Text which is now illegible or lost due to damage to the parchment, and which could not be calculated or reconstructed with certainty, has been noted as [...], while gaps in the transcript (such as missing forenames) denote that the details were left blank in the document. Obvious deletions and erasures have also been noted. UV light has been used throughout the damaged sections, but some words and letters may still be open to interpretation, and in contentious issues such as the distinction between ‘u’, ‘v’ and ‘n’, the transcript represents the most likely reading. All figures for numbers of hearths and sums payable have been converted from Roman to Arabic numerals, although the sum totals of hearths, given next to the constables’ names, were in Arabic numerals in the original and have been left as such. However, many of these sum totals are now partially or totally illegible, and those appearing in [square brackets] have been calculated from the figures in the assessment; unfortunately, damage to the

48

document has made this impossible for many areas. There are occasional marks next to names or figures, presumably left by auditors, but given the fragmentary nature of the roll, the piecemeal nature of this transcription and the fact that many such marks are partially or totally illegible, these would be of little use to readers and thus have not been included in the transcript.

The assessments are arranged by parish or precinct within each city ward, and some larger areas also have street names in the left hand margin. Ward names are given at the start of each transcription (in the original spelling used at that point), but further occurrences (such as at the start of new rotulets or parishes) have been omitted. Ward names also appear sporadically in the upper left corner of rotulets, accompanied by small Arabic numerals representing groups of rotulets within the main assessment; however, these headings are inconsistent and often illegible or destroyed, so have not been transcribed. Parish and precinct headings are recorded as they appear, and have not been modernised or standardised. The column heading ‘Fire Hearths’ (the spelling varies) appears above the relevant column of figures at various points in the manuscript, but these are also inconsistent, and have been omitted (a generic column heading could perhaps be added to the finished publication?). No such headings ever appear above the second column of figures (the amounts payable).

~

For referencing purposes, the rotulet number in the left hand column of each spreadsheet records the position of that rotulet within the original complete roll. The original rotulet numbers were written in Arabic numerals in the lower left corner of each rotulet, but since many are now missing or illegible, they have not been transcribed in that position but instead are given consistently in square brackets at the head of each rotulet (the only exception being the lone rotulet for Cripplegate Ward Within, where the original rotulet number is unknown). The corresponding entry in the right hand column is the TNA reference as at October 2009.

Editorial notes relating to the transcription have been added in [italics and square brackets], and should be included or deleted as necessary. Further notes have been highlighted in yellow, mainly at the start of each file; these are provided solely for editorial information, and are not intended for publication in their current form.

Please note that footnotes are needed in the final publication for inconsistencies in the Queenhithe assessment, and for a marginal drawing in the Bishopsgate assessment. Details are given in notes at the beginning each file.

49

APPENDIX 2: FORENAME STANDARDISATION

STANDARDISED FORENAMES

Original name Standard nameAaron AaronAron AaronAbegall AbigailAbell AbelAbig: AbigailAbigail AbigailAbigaill AbigailAbigale AbigailAbigall AbigailAbigayle AbigailAble AbelAbr AbrahamAbr: AbrahamAbra AbrahamAbra. AbrahamAbra: AbrahamAbrah AbrahamAbrah: AbrahamAbraham AbrahamAbram AbrahamAdam AdamAdam: AdamAddam: AdamAddom AdamAdrian AdrianAdryan AdrianAgnes AgnesAgnis AgnesAgustin AugustinAilce AliceAlbert AlbertAlberte Albert

50

Original name Standard nameAlbertus AlbertAlce AliceAlex AlexanderAlex: AlexanderAlexa: AlexanderAlexan: AlexanderAlexander AlexanderAlexandr AlexanderAlexandr. AlexanderAlexd. AlexanderAlexsander AlexanderAlice AliceAlixandr AlexanderAlixandr. AlexanderAllan AlanAllen AlanAllen: AlanAlles AliceAllexander AlexanderAllexandr AlexanderAllexandr. AlexanderAllexsander AlexanderAllin AlanAllis AliceAmbr: AmbroseAmbros AmbroseAmbrose AmbroseAmbross AmbroseAmbrus AmbroseAme AmyAmee AmyAmey AmyAmos AmosAmy AmyAn: AnthonyAnd: AndrewAndr AndrewAndr: AndrewAndrew AndrewAndrew. AndrewAndrew: AndrewAndrewe Andrew

51

Original name Standard nameAndrews AndrewAndrw: AndrewAnn AnneAnn. AnneAnn: AnneAnna AnneAnne AnneAnne: AnneAnth AnthonyAnth' AnthonyAnth. AnthonyAnth: AnthonyAntho AnthonyAntho. AnthonyAntho: AnthonyAnthoney AnthonyAnthoni AnthonyAnthony AnthonyAnthony Rodrigo AnthonyAnthony: AnthonyAnto: AnthonyAoron AaronArchebold ArchiboldArchiball ArchiboldArchibold ArchiboldArestokell AristotleAristottle AristotleArnold ArnoldArnoll ArnoldAron AaronArter ArthurArth: ArthurArther ArthurArthor ArthurArthur ArthurAugustin AugustinAugustine AugustinAustin AugustinAusting AugustinAustinne AugustinAuther ArthurBaptis Baptist

52

Original name Standard nameBaptist BaptistBaptista BaptistBarbara BarbaraBarbary BarbaraBarberey BarbaraBarbery BarbaraBarnabas BarnabyBarnabe BarnabyBarnabey BarnabyBarnaby BarnabyBarnad BernardBarnard BernardBarneby BarnabyBarth BartholomewBarth' BartholomewBarth: BartholomewBarthellmew BartholomewBartho BartholomewBartho: BartholomewBarthol BartholomewBarthol: BartholomewBartholm: BartholomewBartholmew BartholomewBartholmue BartholomewBartholomew BartholomewBartlum BartholomewBassell BasilBasill BasilBaziell BasilBazall BasilBazell BasilBazill BasilBettrice BeatriceBemime: BenjaminBen BenjaminBen. BenjaminBen: BenjaminBenard BernardBenedick BenedictBenedict BenedictBeneny BenjaminBenet Bennet

53

Original name Standard nameBennett BennetBengami BenjaminBengamyn BenjaminBeni' BenjaminBeni: BenjaminBenia BenjaminBenia' BenjaminBeniam BenjaminBeniamen BenjaminBeniamen: BenjaminBeniamin BenjaminBeniamine BenjaminBenidick BenedictBenidickt BenedictBenj BenjaminBenj: BenjaminBenja BenjaminBenja: BenjaminBenjam: BenjaminBenjamen BenjaminBenjamin BenjaminBenjamine BenjaminBenjamy BenjaminBenjamyn BenjaminBenn: BennetBennet BennetBennett BennetBernard BernardBernerd BernardBrian BrianBrian Tho: BrianBriant BrianBridget BridgetBridgett BridgetBridgit BridgetBrigit BridgetBryan BrianBryant BrianBryon BrianBryun BrianCaleb CalebCalib Caleb

54

Original name Standard nameCarles CharlesCatherin KatherineCathorn KatherineCecily CecilyCha : CharlesCha: CharlesChamberlayne ChamberlainChamberlin ChamberlainChar CharlesChar: CharlesChares CharlesCharety CharityCharity CharityCharles CharlesCharlis CharlesCharlles CharlesCharls CharlesCharrity CharityChr: ChristopherChri ChristopherChri: ChristopherChris ChristopherChris: ChristopherChrist ChristopherChrist. ChristopherChrist: ChristopherChristan ChristianChristian ChristianChristiana ChristianChristion ChristianChristo ChristopherChristo. ChristopherChristo: ChristopherChristoph ChristopherChristophar ChristopherChristopher ChristopherChristophr ChristopherChristophr. ChristopherChristopr ChristopherChristr: ChristopherCicila CecilyCicill Cecil

55

Original name Standard nameCicilla CecilyCicilly CecilyCicily CecilyCipr: CiprianCiprian CiprianCipryan CiprianCisilia CecilyClem: ClementClemant ClementClemence ClementClement ClementClemon ClementClemt ClementClemt. ClementClemt: ClementConstant ConstantineConstantine ConstantineCorn CorneliusCornel: CorneliusCornelias CorneliusCornelius CorneliusCristo: ChristopherCristopher ChristopherCurnalius CorneliusCutbard CuthbertCutbeard CuthbertCutberd CuthbertCutbert CuthbertCutberth CuthbertCuthbert CuthbertCuthburt CuthbertCuttbert CuthbertDamarice DamarisDamaris DamarisDameris DamarisDamerus DamarisDan DanielDan. DanielDan: DanielDanell DanielDaniel DanielDaniell Daniel

56

Original name Standard nameDanll DanielDanll. DanielDanll: DanielDanniall DanielDanniell DanielDanyell DanielDarbey DarbyDarby DarbyDarcus DorcusDaved DavidDaves DavidDavid DavidDavis DavidDeaine DianaDenis DennisDennes DennisDenney DennisDennis DennisDiana DianaDianah DianaDina DianaDinah DianaDionis DionisusDionisius DionisusDor DorothyDor: DorothyDoratey DorothyDorathy DorothyDorcas DorcasDorethy DorothyDorit DorothyDorithy DorothyDority DorothyDoro. DorothyDoro: DorothyDoroth DorothyDorothe DorothyDorothy DorothyDorythy DorothyDudley DudleyDudly DudleyDurrick Derek

57

Original name Standard nameEanock EnochEaster HesterEdeitha DudleyEdm. EdmundEdm: EdmundEdmd EdmundEdmd. EdmundEdmd: EdmundEdmo: EdmundEdmon EdmundEdmond EdmundEdmu: EdmundEdmun: EdmundEdmund EdmundEdw EdwardEdw : EdwardEdw. EdwardEdw: EdwardEdwa EdwardEdwa: EdwardEdwar EdwardEdward EdwardEdward: EdwardEdwd EdwardEdword EdwardEdwrd EdwardEdwward EdwardEleanor EleanorEleaser ElizaEleazar ElizaElen EleanorElenor EleanorEleoner EleanorElexander AlexanderElexandr AlexanderElixander AlexanderElezabeth ElizabethElezander AlexanderEli: ElizabethElianor EleanorElianer EleanorElianr Eleanor

58

Original name Standard nameElias EliasEliazer ElizaEliha ElizaElinor EleanorElionor EleanorElis ElizabethElisabeth ElizabethElisha ElizaEliz ElizabethEliz. ElizabethEliz: ElizabethEliza ElizabethEliza. ElizabethEliza: ElizabethElizabeth ElizabethElizander AlexanderElizeas EliasElizebeth ElizabethEllas EliasEllen EllenEllen. EllenEllenor EleanorEllenr EleanorElli: EleanorEllin EllenEllin: EllenElliner EleanorEllinor EleanorEllis EliasEllixsander AlexanderEllizab ElizabethEllizab. ElizabethEllizab: ElizabethEllizabeth ElizabethEllnor EleanorEllyn EllenEllynor EleanorElner EleanorElnor EleanorElyas EliasElyner EleanorEma: Emanuel

59

Original name Standard nameEmanewell EmanuelEmanuel EmanuelEmanuell EmanuelEmet EmetEmitt EmetEmmanuell EmanuelEnocke EnochEnoch EnochEnock EnochEphr EphraimEphraim EphraimEphrim EphraimErasmas ErasmusErasmus ErasmusEsabell IsabelEssabell IsabelEsau EsauEsaw EsawEsbell IsabelEster EstherEsther EstherEusebius EusebiusEvan EvanEvan. EvanEvas EvanEven EvanEwen: EvanEwsaby EwsabyEzabellah IsabelEzakell EzekielEzech: EzekielEzechiel EzekielEzechiell EzekielEzekell EzekielEzekiell EzekielFaith FaithFardenandow FerdinandFardinand FerdinandFardinando FerdinandFardinandow FerdinandFaulke FoulkFayth Faith

60

Original name Standard nameFerdinand FerdinandFerdinando FerdinandFillis PhyllisFolke FoulkFoulk FoulkFoulks FoulkFra: FrancisFrance FrancesFrances FrancesFrances: FrancesFrancie FrancesFrancis FrancisFrancis: FrancisFransis FrancisFrederick FrederickFredericke FrederickFredrick FrederickGab: GabrielGabr GabrielGabrell GabrielGabriel GabrielGabriell GabrielGabrill GabrielGabryell GabrielGarad GerardGarrard GerardGarrat GarretGarret GarretGarrett GarretGarvase JervaseGawen GawainGeffery GeoffreyGeffrey GeoffreyGeiles GilesGeo GeorgeGeo. GeorgeGeo: GeorgeGeoffery GeoffreyGeofry GeoffreyGeofrye GeoffreyGeor: GeorgeGeorg George

61

Original name Standard nameGeorge GeorgeGeorge: GeorgeGerard GerardGermyn JermynGermyne JermynGerrard GerardGerrerd GerardGervayse JervaseGilbart GilbertGilbert GilbertGilberte GilbertGilbt GilbertGilbt: GilbertGiles GilesGiles. GilesGillert GilbertGilles GilesGodferey GodfreyGodferie GodfreyGodfrey GodfreyGodfry GodfreyGowen GawainGowin GawainGrace GraceGregorie GregoryGregory GregoryGriffen GriffinGriffin GriffinGriffine GriffinGriffith GriffinGrigory GregoryGuilbert GilbertGyles GilesHabell AbelHamon HarmonHamond HammondHana HannahHanah HannahHanna HannahHannah HannahHannah. HannahHarman Harmon

62

Original name Standard nameHeaster HesterHecter HectorHelener HelenHellen HelenHellin HelenHellon HelenHellyn HelenHen HenryHen : HenryHen. HenryHen: HenryHenery HenryHeney HenryHenre HenryHenrie HenryHenry HenryHenry. HenryHenry: HenryHeny HenryHerbert HerbertHercu HerculesHercules HerculesHerman HarmonHester HesterHestr HesterHeugh HughHew HughHezekiah EzekielHillary HillaryHillerie HillaryHilliard HillaryHomphrey HumphreyHonnah HannahHonnor HonourHonor HonourHonour HonourHopkin HopkinHopkins HopkinHornor HonourHoumphry HumphreyHoward HowardHugh Hugh

63

Original name Standard nameHugh: HughHum HumphreyHum: HumphreyHumfrey HumphreyHumfrie HumphreyHumfry HumphreyHump. HumphreyHump: HumphreyHumpery HumphreyHumph HumphreyHumph: HumphreyHumphery HumphreyHumphore HumphreyHumphorey HumphreyHumphrey HumphreyHumphrie HumphreyHumphry HumphreyHumphry: HumphreyIdith EdithIngg IngramIngram IngramIsaaac IsaacIsaac IsaacIsaack IsaacIsaack. IsaacIsaacke IsaacIsaak IsaacIsabell IsabelIsabella IsabelIsacc IsaacIsack IsaacIsaiah IsaiahIsbill IsabelIsobill IsabelIsraell IsraelIssack IsaacIzaack IsaacIzabell IsabelIzabella IsabelIzack IsaacIzraell IsraelJacob Jacob

64

Original name Standard nameJacob. JacobJacob: JacobJacobe JacobJame JamesJames JamesJames: JamesJane JaneJarman JermynJasper JasperJarves JervaseJarvice JervaseJarvis JervaseJas JamesJeane JaneJearome JeromeJef: GeoffreyJefery GeoffreyJeffery GeoffreyJeffrey GeoffreyJenkin JenkinJenking JenkinJeoffrey GeoffreyJere: JeremyJerem: JeremyJeremey JeremyJeremiah JeremyJeremie JeremyJeremy JeremyJeremy: JeremyJerman JeremyJerom JeromeJerom Francis JeromeJerome JeromeJervace JervaseJervas JervaseJervice JervaseJervis JervaseJinkin JenkinJn JohnJn. JohnJn: JohnJno John

65

Original name Standard nameJno. JohnJno: JohnJo JohnJo: JohnJoan JoanJoana JoanJoane JoanJob JobJob: JobJobe JobJobe: JobJoell JoelJohana JoanJohanah JoanJohanna JoanJohannah JoanJohathan: JonathanJohh JohnJohn JohnJohn Worsley JohnJohn. JohnJohn: JohnJohnathan JonathanJohnathen JonathanJohnathon JonathanJohne JohnJohon JohnJoice JoyceJona: JonathanJonadab JonathanJonah JonasJonakin JonathanJonas JonasJonath JonathanJonath: JonathanJonathan JonathanJonathan: JonathanJone JoanJonothan JonathanJonothon JonathanJos JosephJos: Joseph

66

Original name Standard nameJose: JosephJoseas JoshuaJoseph JosephJoseph: JosephJosephin JosephJosepth JosephJosepth: JosephJoseyth JosephJoshua JoshuaJoshuah JoshuaJosia JoshuaJosiah JoshuaJosiahe JoshuaJosias JoshuaJosife JosephJosioh JoshuaJosua JoshuaJosua: JoshuaJosuah JoshuaJoyce JoyceJoyce: JoyceJuda JudahJudah JudahJudeth JudithJudith JudithJulian JulianJulyan JulianJunifer JenniferJushinan JustinianJusted JusticeJustice JusticeJustinian JustinianJustis JusticeKaleb CalebKath KatherineKath: KatherineKatharen KatherineKatheren KatherineKatharin KatherineKatharin: KatherineKatharine KatherineKathe Katherine

67

Original name Standard nameKathe: KatherineKatherene KatherineKatherin KatherineKatherine KatherineKatheryne KatherineKathrin KatherineKathron KatherineKenelim KenelimKenelme KenelimKineline KenelimLan: LancelotLance LancelotLancelet LancelotLancellot LancelotLancellott LancelotLancelot LancelotLancelott LancelotLanclut LancelotLancut LancelotLandloth LancelotLansalet LancelotLanselott LancelotLarance LawrenceLarwance LawrenceLaura. LawrenceLaurance LawrenceLaure: LawrenceLaurence LawrenceLaw: LawrenceLawr: LawrenceLawranc LawrenceLawrance LawrenceLawrenc LawrenceLawrence LawrenceLenoard LeonardLenord LeonardLeo: LeonardLeonard LeonardLetish LetticeLettice LetticeLettis LetticeLewes Lewis

68

Original name Standard nameLewis LewisLiddey LydiaLiddia LydiaLidia LydiaLidiah LydiaLionell LionelLodowick LudwigLodowicke LudwigLoice LuisLoynely LionelLoyonell LionelLuce LucyLucee LucyLucey LucyLuci LucyLucke LukeLucy LucyLudowicke LudwigLuis LuisLuke LukeLydia LydiaLyon LionelLyonell LionelMadling MagdalenMagda: MagdalenMagdalen MagdalenMagdelin MagdalenMaikell MichaelMairgory MargeryMalacha MalachiMalich: MalachiManasses ManassesManassos ManassesMare MaryMarey MaryMarga MargaretMarga: MargaretMargaret MargaretMargarett MargaretMargart MargaretMargartt MargaretMargary Margery

69

Original name Standard nameMargat. MargaretMargatt. MargaretMargerett MargaretMargery MargeryMarget MargaretMargie MargeryMargo: MargeryMargory MargeryMargret MargaretMargrett MargaretMargrey MargeryMargrit MargaretMargrt MargaretMargt MargaretMargt: MargaretMargtt MargaretMargtt. MargaretMarie MaryMarjory MargeryMark MarkMarke MarkMarmad: MarmadukeMarmadk MarmadukeMarmaduke MarmadukeMarrian MarionMarris MauriceMarrtin MartinMartaine MartinMarth MarthaMartha MarthaMarten MartinMarthew MatthewMartin MartinMartine MartinMartir MartinMartyn MartinMary MaryMary Anne MaryMary: MaryMaryan MarionMat MatthewMat: Matthew

70

Original name Standard nameMath MatthewMath: MatthewMathainel NathanielMathew MatthewMathew. MatthewMathias MathiasMatthew MatthewMaudlin MagdalenMaurice MauriceMaximillian MaximillianMaxmohan MaximillianMellisant MillicentMercy MercyMerdicke MeredithMeredith MeredithMermyduke MarmadukeMethus. MethuselahMethuselah MethuselahMethusalem MethuselahMethusila MethuselahMic: MichaelMich MichaelMich' MichaelMich. MichaelMich: MichaelMichael MichaelMichaell MichaelMichale MichaelMichall MichaelMichehell MichaelMichell MichaelMichell: MichaelMickell MichaelMihell MichaelMihiel MichaelMihikell MichaelMihill MichaelMihkell MichaelMildred MildredMiles MilesMilicent MillicentMillecent Millicent

71

Original name Standard nameMilli: MillicentMillicent MillicentMillicente MillicentMitchell MichaelMordant MordenMordecai MordechaiMordecaj MordechaiMordecay MordechaiMorden MordenMorgan MorganMorgin MorganMorice MauriceMoris MauriceMoriss MauriceMorres MauriceMorrice MauriceMorris MauriceMoses MosesMycayell MichaelMyhill MichaelMyles MilesNat NathanielNat: NathanielNath NathanielNath. NathanielNath: NathanielNatha: NathanielNathan NathanielNathan: NathanielNathanell NathanielNathaniell NathanielNathanll: NathanielNathenll NathanielNathll: NathanielNic NicholasNic. NicholasNic: NicholasNich NicholasNich' NicholasNich. NicholasNich: NicholasNichas Nicholas

72

Original name Standard nameNicho NicholasNicho. NicholasNicho: NicholasNichol NicholasNichol: NicholasNicholas NicholasNickolas NicholasNico NicholasNico. NicholasNico: NicholasNicolas NicholasNoah NoahNoe NoahNyco: NicholasObadance ObediahObadiah ObediahObedia ObediahObediah ObediahObiah ObediahObodiah ObediahOliver OliverOlliver OliverOweing OwenOwen OwenOwen: OwenOwin OwenPall PaulPaschall PascoePascho PascoePascoe PascoePatiance PatiencePatience PatiencePartrick PatrickPatrick PatrickPatricke PatrickPatrike PatrickPaul PaulPaule PaulPaull PaulPaulle PaulPawle PaulPedigreene Peregrine

73

Original name Standard namePeere PeterPeeter PeterPeeter. PeterPeeter: PeterPenennah PenennahPeninnah PenennahPennelus PenennahPenning PenennahPercevall PercivalPercivall PercivalPeregrin PeregrinePeregrine PeregrinePerigreen PeregrinePerigrin PeregrinePerrin PeregrinePerses PerseusPerseus PerseusPersivall PercivalPersovell PercivalPet PeterPet. PeterPet: PeterPeter PeterPetter PeterPhebe PhoebyPhil PhilipPhil: PhilipPhilemon PhilemonPhilep PhilipPhilip PhilipPhilipe PhilipPhilipp PhilipPhilippe PhilipPhill PhilipPhill. PhilipPhill: PhilipPhillep PhilipPhillip PhilipPhillipe PhilipPhillipia PhillippaPhillipp PhilipPhillippa Phillippa

74

Original name Standard namePhillippe PhilipPhoeby PhoebyPhylemon PhilemonPowle PaulPraise PraisePrayse PraisePrecilah PriscillaPrecilla PriscillaPrescilla PriscillaPricilla PriscillaPrisc PriscillaPriscilla PriscillaPriscillah PriscillaPru: PrudencePrudence PrudencePrudent PrudenceRachall RachelRachel RachelRachell RachelRachells RachelRadcell RachelRalfe RalphRalp RalphRalph RalphRalph. RalphRalph: RalphRalphe RalphRandall RandallRandell RandallRandll RandallRandolfe RandolphRandoll RandallRandolph RandolphRaph RalphRaph: RalphRaphaell RaphaelRaphe RalphRaphell RaphaelRchard RichardRebeca RebeccaRebecca RebeccaRebeccah Rebecca

75

Original name Standard nameRebecka RebeccaRebeckah RebeccaRebeica RebeccaRebekah RebeccaRees ReesReginalld ReginaldReginold ReginaldReinold ReginaldRenall ReginaldRewben RubenReynold ReginaldRi RichardRic RichardRic: RichardRicd RichardRice ReesRich RichardRich' RichardRich. RichardRich: RichardRichaard RichardRichad RichardRichar RichardRichard RichardRichard. RichardRichd RichardRichd. RichardRichd: RichardRico. RichardRiginall ReginaldRob RobertRob: RobertRobart RobertRobb. RobertRobbert RobertRobbertt RobertRobeart RobertRober RobertRobert RobertRobert. RobertRobert: RobertRoberte Robert

76

Original name Standard nameRobertt RobertRobet RobertRobrt RobertRobt RobertRobt. RobertRobt: RobertRodger RogerRog: RogerRogcer RogerRogeier RogerRoger RogerRoger. RogerRoger: RogerRogger RogerRogr RogerRolland RolandRolph RalphRose RoseRouland RolandRoulond RolandRowland RolandRuben RubenRubin RubenRussell RussellRuth RuthRyce ReesSalamon SolomanSam SamuelSam: SamuelSamaliell SamuelSamawell SamuelSami SamuelSamll SamuelSamll. SamuelSamll: SamuelSampson SampsonSamson SampsonSamu: SamuelSamuel SamuelSamuell SamuelSamuell John SamuelSamuell: Samuel

77

Original name Standard nameSamull SamuelSara SarahSarah SarahSarah Smoke SarahSarah: SarahSargeant SergeantSarjeant SergeantSasan SusanSaull SaulScicilia CecilySebastian SebastianSerjant SergeantSeth SethSibbell SibilSibela SibilSibell SibilSibella SibilSibill SibilSibilla SibilSible SibilSidrach SidrachSidrack SidrachSilvester SylvesterSimo: SimonSimon SimonSimon: SimonSimond SimonSimot SimonSisly CecilySissell CecilySith SethSollamon SolomanSolloman SolomanSollomon SolomanSolomon SolomanSteaphen StephenSteeven: StephenSteph StephenSteph: StephenStephen StephenStephen: StephenSteven Stephen

78

Original name Standard nameStphen StephenStuart StuartSus: SusanSusan SusanSusan: SusanSusana SusannahSusanah SusannahSusann SusanSusanna SusannahSusannah SusannahSuzan SusanSydrach SidrachSydrack SidrachSymen SimonSymeon SimonSymon SimonSymon. SimonSymond SimonTabitha TabithaTheodora TheodoraTheodore TheodoreTheodorah TheodoraTheodorus TheodoreTheodosia TheodoraTheodro TheodoreTheoffilus TheophilusTheophalas TheophilusTheophalias TheophilusTheophi: TheophilusTheophil TheophilusTheophillis TheophilusTheophilus TheophilusThi: TimothyTho ThomasTho Tho: ThomasTho . ThomasTho. ThomasTho: ThomasThom ThomasThom. ThomasThom: ThomasThomas Thomas

79

Original name Standard nameThomas Lewes ThomasThomas. ThomasThomas: ThomasThomasin ThomasinThomasine ThomasinThomassin ThomasinThomazin ThomasinThomazine ThomasinThymothy TimothyTim: TimothyTimo: TimothyTimoi TimothyTimothie TimothyTimothy TimothyTobias TobiasToby TobiasTobyas TobiasTomasin ThomasinTristram TristramTrustram TristramTrustru TristramTrustrum TristramTymothy TimothyTymthey TimothyTymty TimothyUmphry HumphreyUrsley UrsulaUrsula UrsulaUrsulas UrsulaValantine ValentineValen: ValentineValentian ValentineValentine ValentineValentyne ValentineValintine ValentineVallentine ValentineVallenton ValentineVallintayn ValentineVallintyne ValentineVictor VictorVincent VincentWallter Walter

80

Original name Standard nameWaltar WalterWalter WalterWalther WalterWill WilliamWill' WilliamWill : WilliamWill. WilliamWill: WilliamWilli WilliamWilliam WilliamWilliam: WilliamWilliams WilliamWillm WilliamWillm. WilliamWinefrett WinifredWinifred WinifredWinnefred WinifredWm WilliamWm. WilliamWm. . WilliamWm: WilliamWollter WalterWolter WalterXopher ChristopherXpher ChristopherXpian ChristopherXpofer ChristopherXpoher ChristopherXtofer ChristopherXtopher ChristopherZa: ZacheriahZach ZacheriahZach. ZacheriahZach: ZacheriahZachariah ZacheriahZachary ZacheriahZacheriah ZacheriahZacheus ZacheriahZackrey Zacheriah

81

FORENAMES WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN STANDARDISED

Original name

Abbot

Abedingo

Abednego

Abrows

Acquilla

Adaway

Adery

Adinah

Adriamis

Adry

Affabell

Agmondesham

Alban

Alben

Albin

Aldran

Aldred

Alift

Allanson

Alote

Alpheus

Alphonse

Amer

Amery

Amins

Amored

An

An:

Anch

Anchor

Ane

82

Original name

Angell

Angellott

Anker

Annis

Anniseed

Ansell

Anselme

Anselmus

Ansteed

Ar:

Aril

Ararias

Aris

Arman

Armigill

Armis

Arundell

Aschell

Ashly

Attoway

Audrey

Aurelia

Averina

Avery

Aves

Avis

Aylett

b

Badway

Bailly

Banfield

Bar:

Barake

Barin

Barnell

Barnet

83

Original name

Barnett

Barro

Barsheba

Baskervill

Bastien

Bauldwin

Bedford

Befaithfull

Belliver

Beltezer

Belzasar

Bengefeild

Benhom

Benony

Berthyah

Bethesa

Betteridge

Bezaliell

Bithia

Blake

Blanch

Blancy

Blaze

Blunt

Bold

Bolden

Bole

Boman

Boniface

Boson

Boswell

Boulster

Brandon

Bray

Brokelly

Bruce

84

Original name

Brumsted

Bulstrode

Burley

Burnell

Burradge

Burton

Butler

C

Camela

Cardenall

Cardinall

Carew

Carneshew

Carter

Cary

Cassandra

Cave

Ceasar

Cesar

Cesor

Ch:

Chaworth

Chichestr

Chidly

Chidock

Chrispina

Christmas

Chutes

Clara

Clarentia

Claudius

Cleer

Cleophas

Clevatt

Cliffard

Clifton

85

Original name

Cocke

Collins

Comfort

Conan

Conaway

Concordus

Conniss

Cononiah

Conrade

Constance

Cornwall

Coronall

Court

Cr

Cr.

Crispe

Dadford

Darcy

Darius

Darkesse

Darkis

Darmott

Deane

Debbetie

Debora

Deborah

Denham

Dennis

Devaraux

Didcor

Diego

Diminikin

Dionesia

Dixey

Dodian

Dominicke

86

Original name

Donald

Donington

Dowcibell

Dowsabella

Dowglasse

Draper

Dru:

Drury

Duke

Dunstone

Durance

Durrant

Dutton

Ed

Ed:

Edee

Edeltha

Edith

Edlin

Edward.

Edwin

Edy

Eida

Elbritt

Elijah

Ellett

Elliott

Ellidge

Elnathan

Elston

Em

Ember

Eme

Emery

Emm

Emme

87

Original name

Emor

Enodias

Enough

Esavas

Esdras

Eud

Eustace

Everard

Evered

Every

Ezayes

F

Fabian

Fairfax

Fales

Fances

Felix

Finger

Fisher

Flettwood

Flora

Florence

Fluellin

Flewelline

Fortuna

Fra

Fra :

Fra.

Fran

Fran:

Franc.

Fransho

Fregist

Fro:

Frusan

Fuller

88

Original name

G

Galloway

Gamaliell

Garley

Garrat

Gartrode

Gascoigne

Gay:

Gi:

Gibbes

Gideon

Gil:

Gillford

Gillian

Glade de

Glode

Glodin

Goddard

Godwin

Gomer

Goodyar

Gos:

Granado

Graves

Gray

Greene

Greenwood

Grizell

Gunter

Gustavus

Guytlett

Gy

Habacuck

Hacke

Hamlett

Hamnet

89

Original name

Haniball

Harnie

Harrington

Hart

Hatell

Hatton

Havenore

Hearbert

Heath

Heneage

Henidge

Heseck:

Hibright

Higate

Holinar

Hollin

Hornestus

Hosea

Housland

Howell

Hubell

Hudson

Huit

Ignatius

Ishmaell

Izard

J

Jabes

Jackary

Jacomin

Jarratt

Jarret

Jarrett

Jarsis

Jasentt

Jasian

90

Original name

Jefferson

Jelian

Jenkin

Jennett

Jer.

Jer:

Jeramiah

Jessum

Jesy

Jethro

Joachym

Joas

Jolife

John Baptist

Jordan

Jorem

Juck

Jude

Julias

Julius

Juniper

Kellam

Kendricke

Keturah

Kimbery

King

L...

La

Lacheus

Lambath

Lambert

Lane

Latimore

Lau:

Lavena

Lazarus

91

Original name

Lea

Leadbeater

Lemnell

Letitia

Lewin

Licans

Lickell

Lillye

Linewell

Loe

Logemurlle

Lokrill

Longworth:

Love

Low

Lowry

Lumby

M

M____

Ma:

Macella

Macy

Madd:

Maddan

Made

Magnus

Mallchare

Man

Mandson

Manewell

Manlove

Mansell

Mar:

Marcellus

Marcus

Marg

92

Original name

Marg:

Marse

Marsha

Massey

Mathanen

Mathias

Mayborne

Melchesedeck

Mentwin

Mia

Micah

Mickover

Middleton

Milemay

Mintham

Misce

Mizobella

Modesty

Monnox

Montague

Moore

Mor:

Mosse

Mounseur

Mountey

Moyles

Moyses

Mumford

Mundi

Munger

Nahum

Neale

Nehemia

Nehemiah

Nevell

Nevill

93

Original name

Newton

Nigh

Nitan

Norman

North

Norton

Nowell

Noy

Octavian

Ollin

Ommer

Onesiphorus

Originall

Orligdy

Osmond

Osward

Oswall

Oswell

Othaway

Overton

Palina

Paravicin

Parker

Parnell

Partherina

Paterinke

Patrinall

Paulman

Peirce

Pelham

Pelley

Pendenne

Penelope

Penias

Perkin

Perton

94

Original name

Pes

Petronellow

Pharow

Phillipps

Phillis

Philodelph

Phineas

Phines

Ponce

Posthumus

Powdrell

Poewell

Pride

Princell

Procter

Prosper

Pryce

R

Rainebud

Raneere

Ransford

Rathrey

Reighard

Remegius

Rhodes

Riddy

Ring

Ringeon

Rivers

Ro:

Rob.

Robinson.

Rodolphus

Rodoricke

Rothorum

Row:

95

Original name

Rowell

S

Sabia

Sabilah

Sabin

Sabion

Sackfield

Sackvile

Sage

Saint

Sanders

Sandy

Sanford

Sankey

Sarall

Sarh

Savage

Savell

Scarlett

Sefton

Seilleard

Sellers

Seperine

Seph

Sergius

Sew:

Sharby

Shatherick

Sheffeild

Sidonia

Sillvester

Silvanus

Simnybanck

Sina

Sindenny

Sobachian

96

Original name

Somer

Soulder

Southcot

Spencer

St Cleere

St John

Stanford

Stansly

Stoughton

Strange

Strangwayes

Sumnell

Swithin

Syll

Teage

Temperance

Terissia

Tesilie

Th

Thankefulle

Thenpest

Theo:

Theodo:

Thes

Thimbleby

Tho :

Thorpe

Thurston

Tiball

Tiser

Titturan

Titus

Tomkin

Triman

Truith

Tubole

97

Original name

Tucher

Turtullian

Tusin

Twiford

Udall

Undrell

Urbane

Uriah

Urias

Urin

Vale

Venable

Ventris

W

Walgrave

Ward

Washfull

Westwood

Whitepoole

Wi

Wi:

Wilbert

Willfrid

Willmott

Willson

Windfore

Wingfeild

Woodward

Yeddy

Zant

Zaph

Zephaniah

Zeshiell

98

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

[As generated by Microsoft Access’ Documenter tool.]

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139