heart of borneo - national working group

Heart of Borneo - National Working Group

2009

Provisional Scope and Main Protected Areas

Heart Of Borneo

1. Danau Sentarum National Park2. Batang Ai National Park3. Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary4. Betung Kerihun National Park5. Apan Entulu (Proposed)6. Balleh (Proposed)7. Danum Linau (Proposed)8. Apad Runan (Proposed)9. Kayan Mentarang National Park10. Pulong Tau National Park11. Gunung Mulu National Park12. Ulu Belait Protection Forest Reserve13. Gunung Buda National Park14. Ulu Temburong National Park15. Crocker Ranger Park16. Maligan Fr Virgin Jungle Reserve17. Kinabalu National Park18. Imbak Canyon Conservation Area19. Maliau Basin Conservation Area20. Danum Valley Conservation Area21. Sebuku Sembakung (Proposed)22. Muller Mountain Range (Proposed)23. Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Forewords by The Minister of Forestry _______________________ 5Report Head of Heart of Borneo National Working Group ________ 61. Introduction _________________________________________ 7

1.1. Background ___________________________________ 71.2. Development Of HoB Intiative ___________________ 81.3. Objectives And Benefits _________________________ 91.4. Structures ____________________________________ 10

2. Scope Of The Heart Of Borneo Initiative __________________ 112.1. HoB And Main Issues _________________________ 112.2. Sustainable Development And

HoB Management Principles _____________________ 122.3. HoB Area ____________________________________ 12

3. Strategic Orientation ___________________________________ 153.1. HoB Potential ________________________________ 153.2. Spatial Planning _______________________________ 163.3. Economy, Society And Culture ___________________ 173.4. Decentralization _______________________________ 18

4. Strategic Plan _________________________________________ 194.1. Situation Analysis ______________________________ 194.2. Strategic Intervention Plan _______________________ 204.3. Necessary Precondition ___________________________ 21

5. Action Plan And Strategy ________________________________ 225.1. Action Plan __________________________________ 22

5.1.1 Inter Province And District Cooperation _______ 225.1.2 Protected Area Management ________________ 235.1.3 Natural Resources Management Outside

The Protected Area _________________________ 245.1.4 Institutional Strengthening And

Sustainable Financing ______________________ 265.2 Relationship Between Action Plan And Strategies ______ 26

6. Institution __________________________________________ 276.1. Principle And Function _________________________ 276.2. Institution Of HoB Management __________________ 276.3. HoB Province And District Institutions ______________ 29

7. Closing ___________________________________________ 31

Appendix 1. Synchronization Of Hob Strategic And Action Plan In Trilateral, National And Local Level _____________ 32

Appendix 2. Indonesia’s Heart Of Borneo Based On 2008’S GIS Working Group ___________________________ 36

KalimantanBarat

KalimantanTengah

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TABLE OF CONTENT

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ReportHead of Heart of Borneo National Working Group

The Government of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia, on 12 February 2007, agreed to sign the Heart of Borneo (HoB) Declaration. The declaration was the starting point of the three countries agreement to manage an area of 22 millions hectares through sustainable development and conservation. The area covers highland and lowland across the three countries region and source for 14 of 20 main watershed of Borneo Island. The importance of this vast area are essential for 15 millions people living in the island that depends on forest natural resources, including for foods, medicines, building materials, and especially fresh water.

To document their commitment, on 4-5 April 2008 in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, the three countries agreed on HoB main programs as documented on Heart of Borneo Strategic Plan of Action (SPA). As detail commitment on its commitment, Indonesia was then arranged its National Strategic Plan of Action.

The Nasional Strategic Plan of Action is national document for HoB program that has been arranged through socialization and consultation with each province’s HoB Working Group facilitated by HoB National Working Group. Within the process, each provinces and districts has given their inputs and workplan.

It is expected that this document could be work basis and references for each local and central government and HoB stakeholders to implement sustainable development and conservation.

Head of Heart of Borneo National Working Group/Assistant to Deputy Minister for Forestry

Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affair

Andi Novianto

1.1. BACKGROUND

01. The Heart of Borneo, an area stretching along the Indonesia-Malaysia border on the island of Borneo and extending into Brunei Darussalam, has been agreed among the three countries to be managed based on conservation and sustainable development principles. The term of Heart of Borneo (HoB) is also the focus of the trilateral partnership signed as ‘the Heart of Borneo Declaration’ on February 12, 2007. The importance of this partnership is very clear, in regard to location and size, it is impossible for each country to monitor natural resources utilization continuously, especially forest resources, in the absence of trans-boundary coop-eration between countries. Joint action will strengthen the legal frameworks and policy con-ditions concerning conservation and national resources management, including law enforce-ment. This initiative is very important for the Republic of Indonesia which owns the largest portion of forest area in the HoB, yet is faced with numerous challenges regarding natural resources utilization and illegal activities.

02. The national program for the HoB initiative consists of a sub-regional framework to ensure rational and sustainable development of the natural resources and coordination of environ-ment and social aspects across various jurisdictions from national to provincial to district levels. In addition, the HoB initiative is a tool for regional partnership in providing joint re-sponsibility and coordinated action among the three countries. Moreover, the HoB is one of the three largest remaining tropical rainforests in the world, and its high conservation values and climate change relevance are important to the global community and therefore a focus of international support.

03. The HoB initiative is developed not only for conservation purposes, but also, more im-portantly, for the sustainable development of the area. Environment and biodiversity are pillars of the programs alongside socioeconomic and institutional development. Thus, for Indonesia, the cross-sector collaboration and active participation of provincial and district governments inside the HoB area are of critical importance. Empowerment and equitable participation for local communities (groups having direct interaction with and over natural resources in the HoB), should be a central component of the development of the HoB.

1. INTRODUCTION

8NATIONAL STRATEGIC AND ACTION PLAN

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1.2. DEVELOPMENT OF HOB INTIATIVE

04. Initiated on 5-6 April 2005, delegations from the three countries met in Brunei Darussalam to launch the creation of the Heart of Borneo Initiative. The theme “Three Countries – One Conservation Vision” was agreed and proposed as the title for its launching at CBD COP 8 (Brazil 2006). Following the seminal meeting, the Republic of Indonesia held provincial level workshops (East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and West Kalimantan) in August – September 2005. The results included: (a). The HoB area concept was agreed; (b). Decision to pursue the HoB initiative formalization through declaration (non-legally binding instru-ment); (c). Agreement to hold national, regional and international level workshops; and (d). Coordinated engagement with relevant stakeholders. The HoB national workshop was held in Jakarta on December 6-8, 2005.

05. On 14 March 2006, Indonesia’s Minister of Forestry presented the HoB initiative during a restricted coordinating meeting convened by the Coordinating Minister for Economic Af-fairs. It was agreed that HoB initiative would be launched by the three countries at an HoB side event during the 8th Conference of the Parties at the UN Convention on Biological Di-versity meeting March 27, 2006 in Brazil. The launching included representatives’ statements from the three countries: Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia.

06. On 24 November 2006, the HoB Working Group meeting was held in Cebu, Philippines (during the Senior Officials Meeting of the Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philip-pine East Asia Growth Area, BIMP-EAGA), with results as follows: (a). Agreed on HoB dec-laration at BIMP-EAGA or ASEAN High Level Conference; (b). Finalization of declaration text; (c). Agreement to hold HoB Trilateral meeting on 4 December 2006 in Jakarta.

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07. On 12 February 2007, the HoB Declaration was signed by Indonesia’s Minister of Forestry, Malaysia’s Minister of Natural Resources and Environment, and Brunei Darussalam’s Minis-ter of Industry and Primary Resources in Nusa Dua, Bali. Through this declaration, the three countries agreed to cooperatively manage the biodiversity and natural resources of the HoB under conservation and community’s welfare principles, voluntarily, as well as in respect to each respective country’s legislation.

08. On 18-20 July, 2007, The 1st HoB Trilateral Meeting was held in Brunei Darussalam. The results were: (a). Each country will draft national project documents immediately; (b). Pro-posal by Brunei Darussalam to establish trilateral secretariat or HoB center to be made up of relevant authorities in each country; (c). Acceptance of Asian Development Bank offer for technical support mission in 3 countries; (d). Malaysia will hold the first HoB Expedition Series on June 2008 in Sarawak; (e). Indonesia will hold the first conservation and the sus-tainable development workshop on 2008; (f ). The 2nd HoB Tri-lateral meeting was agreed to be held in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, on January 2008.

09. On 24-25 October 2007, the BIMP-EAGA meeting in Davao City – Philippines, resulted in the following : (a). Malaysia stated that the HoB secretariat is not necessary to be formed, suggesting he Tri-lateral meeting is sufficient; (b). Brunei Darussalam stated that their na-tional HoB project documents will be finalized by 18 November 2007; (c). Indonesia offered to be host of the HoB secretariat.

10. On 4-5 April 2008 second HoB Trilateral meeting was held in Pontianak, Indonesia. The meeting resulted in the adoption of Trilateral Strategic Plan of Action (SPA), and agreed to further discuss institutional and financial arrangement of the HoB for the tri-lateral level.

1.3. OBJECTIVES AND BENEFITS

11. The objectives of HoB area management are as below:

a. To support sustainable natural resources management in the network of conservation areas and protected areas as well as production forests and other land uses;

b. The implementation of policy and law enforcement that supports sustainable HoB area management in line with both multilateral and bilateral existing agreements;

c. The implementation of sustainable development based on scientific methods and local wisdom for community’s welfare improvement. This will include application of sustain-able management, protection, education and training initiatives, as well as other ac-tivities relevant to cross boundary management activities, conservation and responsible production in the HoB area.

12. Benefits of HoB’s Strategic and National Action Plan are as follows:

a. There will be principles, restrictions, and procedures as the basis for the implementation of the HoB management policy at national, province, and district/ city scale;

b. Natural resources management implementation, community development, and eco-nomic development will be coordinated between all government levels in HoB area;

c. HoB is a focus of priority program implementation and resource mobilization both by Central and local governments.


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1.4. STRUCTURES

13. In this document there are explanations about HoB definition and scope - international interests, island spatial planning, sustainable development which became HoB management basis. The scope of the HoB initiative will be described in Chapter II. Chapter III describes the foundation for policy implementation and HoB management strategy including key is-sues and strategic orientation of HoB management. Chapter IV describes strategic plans including condition and situation analysis, strategic intervention and preconditions needed in HoB management. Chapter V describes the national action plan and strategy on interre-gional cooperation, management of protected and non protected areas, and resources mobi-lization needed in HoB management. This national action plan and strategy is divided into several intervention areas. The final part of this document describes institutional structures for the HoB management implementation.


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2.1. HOB AND MAIN ISSUES

14. The Heart of Borneo covers around 22 million hectares and presents many important assets and values at local, national, trilateral and global scale. These assets enable the following: eco-nomic development, strengthening socio-culture values and enhancing environment goods and services. These different roles involve many parties and stakeholders thereby making it inclusive of many agendas. Thus, to implement conservation and sustainable development in the HoB area, especially in Indonesia, there will be an emphasis on natural resources rights, poverty alleviation, spatial planning, sound investments in districts and cities, provincial and national economic development, and trilateral or international cooperation in support of HoB objectives and benefits.

15. The issues can only be realized through multi-stakeholder involvement and agreement on natural resources protection and responsible utilization across the entire Heart of Borneo area. There cannot be a preference for only certain interests or administrative priorities. Therefore, Kalimantan island spatial planning should become a guiding blueprint for all economic development, business growth and conservation by central government agencies as well as all three provinces and 10 districts inside the HoB.

2. SCOPE OF THE HEART OF BORNEO INITIATIVE

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2.2. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND HOB MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES

16. The biodiversity of tropical rainforests cannot be maintained under a patchwork of protected areas and partially managed landscapes. Scientific evidence shows that forests’ conserva-tion needs large scale, contiguous forest landscapes. Without it, there will be side effects on climate, hydrology, species’ extinction, and other negative impacts. Thus, in sustainable for-ests management, forest size is essential, especially in natural species protection. Utilization, management and conservation of the HoB area in sound and responsible manners will help ensure sustainable functions and benefits of forests in HoB for present and future genera-tions.

17. Within the sustainable development concept, it is still possible to continue with economic activities in the HoB area. Economic activities may include: cultivation activities such as agricultural and forest plantations, logging, as well as natural resources exploitation such as mining. These activities have a long history in or near the HoB area. The HoB initiative seeks to strengthen natural resources utilization by encouraging implementation of sustainable and responsible management principles and criteria. Implementation of best management prac-tices schemes and eco-labeling will increase economic values of the resources by exploiting the opportunities of the existing and future “green markets” as well as ensuring the long term viability of the assets.

18. Traditional and other local people are one of key stakeholders that are expected to benefit from the HoB program. In HoB implementation, customary and other local community interests can be well-accommodated. HoB also expected to help customary and other local community in continuing and perpetuating culture, especially natural resources based cul-ture, which are necessary for economic, social, and environment sustainability.

19. HoB, as a conservation and sustainable development program, is expected to be one of the programs that is capable of generating direct benefits for communities in short and long term. HoB will also strengthen the existing community empowerment initiatives. HoB will integrate those programs in HoB implementation stages. Community empowerment pro-grams will become one of the program’s main pillars and community involvement in HoB initiative is expected to increase their capacity in sustainable natural resources management.

2.3. HOB AREA

20. The management principles embodied by the Heart of Borneo are: (a). Provision of a sustainable life support system; (b). Attention to socio-cultural economical and eco-logical functions; (c). Partnerships among countries and districts. By considering the HoB characteristics, the area of HoB is defined to include the following elements : The network of conservation area on the highlands of the Indonesia-Malaysia border areas of framed by areas which refer to aspects of hydrologiy, forest area status (National Park, Wild-life Sanctuary, Game Reserve, Limited Production Forest, Production Forest, Conversion Production Forest), forest cover and priority species’ habitats.

21. Based on the above principles and criteria, the HoB area distribution in three countries is (Table 1): Indonesia (56,54%), Malaysia (41,87%), and Brunei Darussalam (1,59%). Indo-nesia’s area of HoB includes 10 districts in three provinces in Kalimantan: 1) East Kalimantan (Nunukan, Malinau and Kutai Barat Districts); 2) West Kalimantan (Kapuas Hulu, Melawi


Heart of Borneo

Picture 1. Heart of Borneo Area Scope

and Sintang Districts); and 3) Central Kalimantan (Katingan, Gunung Mas, Murung Raya and Barito Utara Districts).

21. Based on the above principles and criteria, the HoB area distribution in three countries is (Table 1): Indonesia (56,54%), Malaysia (41,87%), and Brunei Darussalam (1,59%). Indo-nesia’s area of HoB includes 10 districts in three provinces in Kalimantan: 1) East Kalimantan (Nunukan, Malinau and Kutai Barat Districts); 2) West Kalimantan (Kapuas Hulu, Melawi and Sintang Districts); and 3) Central Kalimantan (Katingan, Gunung Mas, Murung Raya and Barito Utara Districts).


Heart of Borneo

Table 1. HoB Area Distribution in Three Countries

Country Location Width (Hectare) (%)

Indonesia East Kalimantan 6,137,000 27.45Central Kalimantan 2,466,000 11.03West Kalimantan 4,021,380 17.99Total Indonesia 12,624,380 56.48

Brunei Brunei Darussalam 355,278 1.59Malaysia Sarawak 5,373,000 24.04

Sabah 4,000,673 17.90Total Malaysia 9,373,673 41.93

Total HoB 23,309,278 100.0

22. The forest function of HoB area in the three provinces in Indonesia are as below:

1. EAST KALIMANTAN:

a. Conservation Forest : 1,360,500 Ha

b. Protected Forest : 631,000 Ha

c. Production Forest : 2,676,321 Ha

d. Other Land Use : 1,469,179 Ha

2. CENTRAL KALIMANTAN:

a. Conservation Forest : 325,624 Ha



d. Other Land Use : 735,009 Ha

3. WEST KALIMANTAN:

a. Conservation Forest : 1,023,380 Ha



d. Other Land Use : 1,604,122 Ha

The map and figure are refer to HoB scope in figure 1. On April 2008, all Provinces’ Bappeda (Regional Development Planning Agency) of HoB has gathered in Yogyakarta and decided the new boundary for HoB area on Indonesian side. The result of the meeting is HoB Indonesia boundary as presented in Appendix 2. The work of HoB National and Regional Working Group of Indonesia will continue refer to the previous boundary while preparing the work for newly included districts in HoB area.


Heart of Borneo

3.1. HOB POTENTIAL 23. Based on forest cover maps, the remaining natural forests in Borneo’s lowland are largely

fragmented. Meanwhile, intact forests with relatively good condition attributes are spread along the Indonesia-Malaysia border. Over two-thirds of the HoB is dominated by high-land forests which are over 500 meters above sea level, with mountainous topography and with a steep slope level, between 20-70%.

24. The conservation of this forest has become a local, national, and international priority because of its rich biodiversity (flora and fauna), with high rates of endemism across Bor-neo. The biodiversity has an important role for the community and the countries who own it, because Borneo’s forest is a valuable natural legacy that provides various benefits and services. The topography, complex soil structures and different elevations have lead to a vast number of habitats for a huge number of plant species. In general, Borneo is home

3. STRATEGIC ORIENTATION

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to more than 15,000 species of vascular plant with around 40-50% being locally endemic. Additionally, there have been about 400 new species discovered in the Heart of Borneo between 1995-2006.

25. Another important function of HoB is that this area acts as “water tower” for the entire island. The HoB is the source of 14 of 20 main river systems on Borneo Island. Kapuas, Katingan, Barito and Mahakam are main rivers located upstream whose waters come from HoB highlands. Indonesia and Malaysia are separated by mountains which stretch almost all the way along the border line, which is the core of HoB. The source of some of these rivers lie in one country but flow into another, thereby making emphasizing the importance of cross-boundary recognition of shared values. Several rivers even reach into Brunei Darussalam.

26. HoB is also the home of at least 50 Dayak tribes, with various languages and cultures. Water, forest and “wild” land play important roles for the existence and health of the communities which live in Borneo island. By ensuring the sustainability of water, forest and land in HoB, the life of the local community and culture are also protected. Further-more, the local community’s culture is a positive force that for generations has included conservation ethics and resource sustainability guided by local wisdom. This can support conservation of HoB ecosystem’s function and benefit.

27. In the Indonesian part of HoB there are 4.9 million hectares (38%) of production forest, which is managed by Forest Concessionaires (IUPHHK/HPH). Based on the existing data, in HoB there are 52 HPHs, 28 of them are still active and the remaining 24 are inac-tive or in the process of having their licenses revoked by the government. However, from the active HPHs, only two of them have achieved Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) cer-tification, which verifies sustainable forest management (SFM). The HoB initiative aims to work with the remaining HPHs to direct them to obtain FSC certification and conduct sustainable forest management practices. In addition, the HoB initiative should also work on guiding the mining and plantation estates to undertake best management practices or to obtain certification in accordance with the current systems.

3.2. SPATIAL PLANNING28. East Kalimantan Province covers an area of 20,039,500 Ha. Of the land, based on the syn-

chronized spatial planning (TGHK-RTRWP), there are 15,951,620 Ha forest areas based on its function: a). 5,594,900 Ha of Protected Area, b). 17,560 Ha of Research Forest, c). 10,339,160 Ha of Forestry Production Area (KBK) and 4,087,880 Ha Non Forestry Production Area (KBNK).

29. The government of East Kalimantan has proposed an amendment toward provincial syn-chronized spatial planning, which is still to be finalized. The proposed changes will result in forest zoning as follows:

a. KBK become = 7,985,939 Ha (- 1,788,985 Ha)

b. KBNK become = 6,305,147 Ha (+ 1,134,378 Ha)

c. Strict Nature Reserve become = 1,483,116 Ha (- 4,251 Ha)


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d. National Park become = 180,930 Ha (- 23,469 Ha)

e. Protection Forest become = 3,505,204 Ha (+ 688,886 Ha)

f. Grand Forest Park become = 64,148 Ha (- 6,951 Ha)

g. Restricted Production Forest become = 26,178 Ha (+ 392 Ha)

30. The Central Kalimantan Province spatial plan, used by the Ministry of Forestry in forest management is based on the map of Agreed Forest Land Use (TGHK) of Central Kali-mantan Province issued on 12 October 1982, which is attached to the Decree of Minister of Agriculture No. 759/Kpts/Um/10/1982. The Central Kalimantan Province forest is de-clared as 15,186,000 Ha according to its function and size: a). Protected Forest of 840,000 Ha, b). Conservation Forest of 632,700 Ha, c). Limited Production Forest of 6,014,900 Ha, d). Production Forest of 3,383,700 Ha, e). Conversion Production forest of 4,314,700 Ha.

31. Meanwhile, Central Kalimantan Government is currently using the Provincial Spatial Plan (RTRWP) of 2003 determined through local government regulation No. 8/2003, where the general function of the forest area is divided into two usages area: protected and pro-duction areas. The forest area used for protected area is 2,456,640.93 Ha (16.06%), forest area 8,038,972.06 Ha (52.37%) and production area outside forestlands is 4,847,083.01 Ha (31.57%). Until to now, Ministry of Forestry still refers to TGHK, while Central Ka-limantan Province refers to Central Kalimantan RTRWP. The document of synchroniza-tion between TGHK and RTRWP is still in the process of finalization.

32. Based on the map of the establishment of forests and waters conservation areas for West Kalimantan Provinces (Decree of the Minister of Forestry - SK Menhut - No. SK.259/Kpts-II/2000, dated 23 August 2000), the forest areais 9,179,740 Ha , which in-cludese 1,568,560 Ha terrestrial protected areas, 77,000 Ha marine protected areas, of 2,307,045 Ha protection forest, 2,445,985 Ha restricted production forest, 2,266,800 Ha permanent production forest, and 514,350 Ha convertible production forest.

33. Assessment in 2007 by the Ministry of Forestry on the spatial plans of three provinces showed that inconsistencies happened in landuse plans and designations of forest areas for other uses. This must be rectified as it will be counterproductive in consistent man-agement efforts, both in conservation and sustainable development inside and outside the forest area. This unfavorable condition was worsened by slow progress in forest areas boundary consolidation caused by many factors.

3.3. ECONOMY, SOCIETY AND CULTURE34. In general, the three provinces: East, Central and West Kalimantan are rich in natural re-

sources but there is a clear disparity in economic development between the coastal areas and the border or remote areas. Rapid development occurs in big cities near coastal areas because of a high accessibility and sufficient commercial and industrial facilities. While remote and especially border areas are mostly secluded with limited infrastructures and have generally been left behind in economic development terms. One of the causes is the different market values of products in coastal regions (higher prices) as compared to remote areas (lower prices). On the other hand, various staples and necessities that should be delivered to remote/border areas are difficult to obtain, sometimes because the price


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is very high (above local community buying ability). While the processing industry is not yet developed, the economy is still dependent on raw material products or little to no added-value extractives such as forestry, plantation/agriculture, mining and fisheries.

35. Economic players and production systems in the border area of Indonesia-Malaysia have several characteristics such as: a) Community economies are dominated by nomadic farming systems and collecting forest products or other natural products; b) Trade is con-ducted by direct trading of natural products with Malaysian neighboring communities, sometimes in the forms of barter trade; c) The products are consumed by the household itself (subsistence); and d) The Malaysian ringgit is the currency that is more accountable and in higher demand than Indonesian rupiah.

36. Demographically, the population in the border areas in Kalimantan is not equally distrib-uted and is very low (with the population density of 4-10 people per km2). In general, the quality of life is relatively low and mortality rate is quite high. However, with the abundant natural resources, labor and people mobility are quite high. Ethnically, majority of the people living in the border areas are Dayak, who have family relationships with Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. Since the areas are secluded with small populations which are unevenly distributed, the area is prone to security disturbances, smuggling, and other crimes.

3.4. DECENTRALIZATION 37. Following the implementation of the decentralization act in 2001, East Kalimantan, Cen-

tral Kalimantan and West Kalimantan provinces were administratively expanded; and several new districts created. New districts in general are striving for economic devel-opment to catch up with the original districts or other districts/cities. The development policy is based on the Act No.22 of 1999, which further replaced by Act No.32 of 2004. In general, in districts in remote/border areas, the economic development policy is based on existing natural resources utilization (such as forest, land, mining, and waters), especially on Non-Forest Production Areas (KBNK) over which each district issues various natural resource utilization permits.

38. Most of the areas of Malinau (East Kalimantan) and Kapuas Hulu (West Kalimantan) districts are categorized as conservation areas. It is coincident that the major proportion of the district area is in the form of protected area, namely Kayan Mentarang National Park and Betung Kerihun National Park in Malinau and Kapuas Hulu district respectively. Realizing this fact and the vision of the two districts on conservation, the two districts declared themselves as Conservation Districts. Though this initiative is expected to ren-der great benefits for HoB program implementation in the future, the main issue is that conservation areas management under the authority of Central Government has not yet achieved a solid cooperation mechanism with local government. The Conservation Dis-trict also requires a stronger legal framework, across the different jurisdictions.


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4.1. SITUATION ANALYSIS

39. From the explanation in the previous Chapter, it is shown that the HoB area has highly valued natural resources and natural resources utilization intensity is relatively high. Unsustainable land uses and exploitation of natural resources was triggered by violations and disputes over spatial planning, human dependency on natural resources for direct consumption, poverty, and an under-developed economy and social infrastructure to strengthen community capac-ity. Meanwhile, most natural resources-based production , such as plantation, exploitation of natural forests, and mining, has not yet implemented better management practices.

40. Policies for natural resources management and uses are rarely based on natural scientific information such as resources potential, including knowledge on the type, magnitude and distribution of risks. Therefore, possible negative impacts cannot be anticipated and the root of the problem is not addressed. In this case, natural resources management impact is the ac-cumulation of sectoral impacts of utilized natural resources. Coordination between sectors, at the policy and implementation levels, is still a problem.

4. STRATEGIC PLAN

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4.2. STRATEGIC INTERVENTION PLAN

41. The above situation outlines the situation facing HoB implementation on the ground. In this situation, strategic intervention is expected to reach all development players’, both in policy making and implementation. The intervention plan in HoB management is, therefore di-rected toward the following strategies:

a. Sustainable land use

b. Sector reform

c. Protected area management

d. Institutional capacity building and sustainable financing

42. Based on the HoB management principles of conservation and sustainable development, the priority is to prevent further damage in conservation areas in particular and protected areas in general. Therefore, to strengthen protected area management, strategic interventions in protected area management are further elaborated into sub-strategic interventions:

a. Inventory the potential and implement the management of protected areas, including enhancement of the effectiveness of conservation area management (Information and conservation management)

b. Community empowerment

c. Strengthening roles of private sectors through implementation of best management practices, certification, and support from private sector to achieve sustainable financing of protected area management (private engagement)

d. Policy advocacy

The strategic intervention of HoB management can be seen below:

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4.3. NECESSARY PRECONDITION

43. HoB management does not work independently in developing implementation policy. When policy development is not conducive to achieving the HoB management objectives, the HOB management policy basic framework must take an alternative approach or stimulate the cre-ation of ongoing development approach improvement. To play this role, several strategies are needed:

a. Strategy to bring HoB and its sustainable development principles to all stakeholders at all levels to ensure that they work on the same platform, with the same vision for sustain-able development and conservation of the HoB area;

b. Strategy to improve values and benefits of environmental services;

c. Strategy to improve coordination through institutional capacity improvement, for ex-ample in the relationship of upstream and downstream in watershed management; in or-der to measure the performance of the management of natural resources as an integrated unit whose impacts of its mismanagement are inter-related.

44. Equality of administration procedures among the districts within HoB area needs to be cre-ated. For this purpose flexibility or adjustment in the format, task and function of the orga-nizations, creation of shared funding from Local Government and human resources capacity development are all necessary.

Figure 1 Strategic Intervention of HoB management


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5.1. ACTION PLAN

The HoB initiative action plan at the national level has four main programs, further described in several intervention areas (themes) as shown in 5.1.1 – 5.1.4:

5.1.1 INTER PROVINCE AND DISTRICT COOPERATION

45. Implementation of an action plan which relates to issues of international border cooperation shall be undertaken by the Government at national level. The scope of this action and strate-gic plan to implement inter-province/district cooperation, are as follows:

45.1. Sustainable Land Use

1. Determine HoB area boundary. A defined boundary for the HoB area which recognizes areas contained within HoB area in each province, is highly needed because it will not always be a physical border.

2. Encourage immediate finalization of provincial and district spatial plans (RTRW) to ensure sustainable development implementation in HoB area. Sustainable land use is one of HoB’s main programs. Spatial planning that ensures sustainability of ecosystem functions is pre-requisite for the effective implementation of HoB. Thus, RTRW, which is in accordance with HoB’s principles and objectives, must immediately be finalized, taking into account ecosystem sustainability at landscape level.

45.2. Policy Reform

3. Establish criteria and indicators for sustainable natural resources management and dis-seminate in order to integrate them into sectoral policies. The criteria and indicators include sustainable management for plantation, forest, mining and other production systems which utilize natural resources in HoB.

45.3. Institutional Capacity Building

4. Establish an institutional framework for natural resources management in the HoB area. In this case, local government authorities, in the utilization of natural resources should be aligned with national policy. Furthermore, the roles of National, Provinces and Dis-

5. ACTION PLAN AND STRATEGY


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tricts/Cities and HoB Working Groups should be harmonized in order to better liaise with central/local authorities.

5. Establish a HoB Master Plan and Management Plan. HoB master plan is probably important as a spatial reference for HoB implementation at the local level and by all relevant sectors. Ministry of Forestry through its Decree (KepMenHut) No. SK.55/MENHUT-VII/2004 had issued the Strategic Plan on Forest Area Management on RI-Malaysia Border in Kalimantan.

6. Develop basic and applied research as well as strengthen collaboration among research institutions based on HoB vision and mission. According to the tri-lateral Strategic Plans of Action (SPA) resulting from the 2nd HoB Tri-Lateral Meeting, research and community economic development are needed, i.e. on natural resources potential, eco-tourism development and community forestry.

7. Promote participation, collaboration, strengthening awareness and education on HoB implementation. It is important to involve all stakeholders from local, districts, prov-inces, national and international communities in reaching the same perception, plan-ning process and sustainable natural resources management in HoB area. In addition enhancing awareness and education and increasing community welfare is also vital to strengthen HoB management.

5.1.2 PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT

46. The protected area in this Action Plan includes protected areas referred to in the Acts on; Spatial Planning Conservation Areas (Nature Reserves, National Parks, Game Reserves, Recreation Parks and Grand Forest Parks), as referred to in the Act concerning Conservation of Living Resources and their Ecosystems and the Act on Forestry, as well as areas identified to have protection functions for natural resources and biodiversity but which are not included or defined in the laws mentioned above. The scope of the strategic plan was to ensure strength-ening of protected area management. This will be facilitated be the following:

46.1. Policy Advocacy

1. Recommend management strengthening and/or (if considered necessary) propose addi-

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tional or enhanced status of protected and conservation areas in HoB. When consider-ing cultural heritage aspects, water catchment area and biodiversity in HoB area as well as threats to protected areas, it is important to undertake intensive consultancy among Working Groups and both central and local governments to assess development, control from damage/loss and management needs, including management of areas that need to be protected/conserved inside production areas (for example through protection of high conservation value forests/HCVFs and genetic resources protection areas).

2. Develop policy on the development and/or strengthening the trans-boundary conser-vation areas management. This action is to optimize ecosystem function through im-provement of area management effectiveness under the international partnership frame-work. This action is mainly to develop protected area management partnerships among neighboring countries, by considering border issues whose other initiatives is currently working on, or has completed the resolution.

46.2. Protected Area Management and Information

3. Develop standards, assessment, systems, publication, monitoring and evaluation of pro-tected areas management including institutional collaboration among protected area authorities and the development of ecotourism in HoB area. In this case, the cross pro-vincial/districts/cities partnership is in accordance with tri-national cooperation and the possibility of cooperation improvement on international issues.

46.3. Community Empowerment

4. Strengthen policy and implementation of protected area management collaboration, including community based ecotourism development. This effort is to ensure that com-munity rights or access to and benefits from the management ofconservation areas are prioritized in the HoB management. In addition, community roles in protected area management, that could be directed through collaborative management of protected area, should be improved.

46.4. Private Sector/State Owned Enterprises (BUMN) Engagement

5. Development options of private sector/BUMN engagement in protected area manage-ment. Protected area management can reside inside or outside the private sector/State Enterprises (BUMN) concession. Based on the recent legislation, private sector can have ecotourism concessions with a permit. However, further research is needed to explore how the private sector can take roles in financing the management of protected areas, for example through their CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) programmes.. The mentioned options are related to the forms of collaboration, funding schemes, or com-munity empowerment schemes. However, in the context of this action plan, there is a need to identify a framework/system for the establishment of involvement from the private sector in protected area management.

5.1.3 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OUTSIDE THE PROTECTED AREA

47. Sustainable development means that, economic activities must also take into account conser-vation of the environment and social responsibility. The scope of HoB’s action and strategic plans is to ensure strengthening of natural resources management outside protected area is as follows:


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47.1. Policy Reform

1. Develop equitable sharing of benefits which arise from sustainable natural resources management. This effort may relate to implementation of land reforms and natural resources management. Efforts may also be directed towards conservation area’s buffer zone development and management, and improvement of local community’s welfare;

2. Monitor and evaluate economic activities, promote HoB area as an ecotourism des-tination and implement Reduction of Emission from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) programs under Climate Change Convention. To ensure the sustainability of local development and the utilization of natural resources such as forest, plantation and mining in HoB. In addition, production sectors must be guided to apply better manage-ment practices. The HoB area, with relatively high forest cover levels, has potential to benefit from PES (Payment for Environment Services) such as water services and carbon storage services;

3. Undertake audits on the utilization of natural forest and timber estates in HoB area based on internationally recognized sustainable forest management and wood certifica-tion schemes..

4. Encourage implementation of rehabilitation and restoration programs on degraded for-est and lands in the HoB area. The program implementation could be related to efforts in strengthening community institution as well as by developing rehabilitation and res-toration techniques in accordance with regional biophysical characteristics.

47.2. Sustainable Land use

1. Inventory and categorization of conflicts over forest and land uses in HoB area. Conflict over forest lands is rooted on land ownership, especially when the legal tenure system that includes forest areas was applied. The conflict over land use, therefore, needs to be identified and classified based on land ownership characteristics.

2. Establish mechanism for conflict resolution and undertake mediation for conflict reso-lution. The activity is continuation of activity in point 1.

3. Evaluation of land space uses. Spatial planning in HoB at the moment needs to be evaluated to meet with HoB principles and objectives, which are conservation and sus-tainable development. The evaluation could generate recommendations to the existing spatial planning and implementation policies and practices.

47.3 Information and Monitoring System

1. Develop a natural resources data base of the HoB area. Information systems based on an accurate database become a good reference for decision making process and natural resources management policy development. This database should always be updated and supported by sufficient research and study.

2. Elaborate criteria and indicators for monitoring and evaluation of natural resources. Criteria and indicators concerning potential and condition of the natural resources are important to standardize methods and implementation of montoring and evaluation. This is important because HoB area is so vast and involves so many stakeholders that the implementation of monitoring and evaluation should be done by local stakeholders.

3. Implement monitoring and evaluation of natural resources.


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5.1.4 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND SUSTAINABLE FINANCING

48. The scope of the action plan to ensure institutional strengthening, resources mobilization and sustainable financing for HoB management is as follows:

48.1. Institutional Capacity Empowerment

1. Promote legal basis for the HoB area. With regard to HoB legal status, the HoB initia-tive was declared by the countries under the non legally binding cooperation framework. Therefore, the implementation of HoB initiative at national and local levels needs an umbrella to legally manage HoB area, at least in form of Presidential Decree.. This is important for sub-national governments to undertake development in the HoB area consistent with the principles of conservation and sustainable development.

2. Determine the working relationship and work prioritization of HoB National Work-ing Group and Local Working Groups. The priority of National Working Groups is to prepare materials for Tri-lateral meetings, develop best management practices and guide-lines and to coordinate the works of provincial working groups (relationships with and inter-offices in the provincial and districts/cities) in implementation of HoB programs.

3. Evaluation of provinces’ and district governments’ performance in the implementation of sustainable development in HoB area, including in the case where there is an addi-tional new province or district/city resulting from administrative extension.

48.2. Sectoral Policy Reform

4. Encourage consistent implementation of decentralization and devolution of HoB area management. Institutional strengthening and human resources capacity building at lo-cal level to effectively undertake development of the area in accordance with HoB prin-ciples.

48.3. Promotion of Sustainable Financing

5. Fundraising and resources mobilization. Sustainable financing, and resources mobi-lization should be prioritized and conducted through cooperation with domestic and international institutions.

6. Exploration of creative financing and fundraising. Creative financing is a funding scheme explored from outside traditional schemes. These are, among others, undertak-en through payment on environmental services (PES) from water services, ecotourism, biodiversity, and carbon trade such as through Clean Development Mechanism under Kyoto Protocol framework or mechanisms that are still in development such as REDD (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation), a mechanism under the Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC);

5.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACTION PLAN AND STRATEGIES

49. The action plan and the strategies mentioned above are national activities and strategies that should be in line with the strategic plans developed at province and district levels in HoB area and should also be in accordance with the Trilateral Strategic Plan of Action (SPA). This relationship is depicted more clearly in the table of Attachment 1.


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6.1. PRINCIPLE AND FUNCTION

50. There are several principles for institutional development in the HoB management: (a). The functions of the institution are in line with the institutions main tasks; (b). Efficient in re-sources utilization; (c).The established institution/organization will not replace the existing institutions/organizations; (d). Flexible to the possible present and future development of issues; (e). Institutional function is divided into district/city, province, national and trilateral levels.

51. The main functions of the institution are: (a). Coordinating institutions in evaluation and or policy making process related to HoB management; (b). Undertaking mediation and syn-chronization of development planning in HoB area; (c). Undertaking performance evalua-tion and gathering information on the progress of HoB management implementation.

6.2. INSTITUTION OF HOB MANAGEMENT

52. Based on the principles and main functions of the institution, the institution at trilateral, national, province and district/city levels is presented in Table 2.

6. INSTITUTION

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Table 2. HoB Institutional ManagemLevel Structure Activity Responsible actors

Trilateral There is no agreed in-stitutional structure yet. The highest forum is the Tri-lateral Meeting

Annual trilateral meeting (com-mitment, exchange idea/info)

International outreach (fund-raising, awareness, conflict resolution, etc)

Strategic Plan of Action (SPA) as the basis of joint activities

• Related ministries/depart-ments in each respective country

• NGOs (as facilitator)

National National Committee: Advisory Group, National Working Groups, Secre-tariat

(independent, small)

• Development of coordina-tion & Domestic outreach

• Funding Synergy

• Regulation, guidelines & mechanism

• Related ministries and department

• Related local government agencies

• Experts

• NGOs

Province Provincial Steering Com-mittee/ Provincial Work-ing Group

• Local Policy Synergy

• Partnership/ Network Development Forum

• Monitoring

• Provincial planning body, related government ser-vices, District/City govern-ment, Universities, NGOs

District Local Government on each district/city

• Socialization/ dissemina-tion

• Community Participation

District planning body, related district services, community groups, ethnic leaders, NGOs

53. HoB trilateral meetings resulted several tasks as follows:

(1) To arrange and adopt the HoB management strategic plan and to share national action plans including their revision from time to time;

(2) To agree on institutional form, including financial mechanism for HoB implementation at the trilateral level,

(3) To exchange experience and information on the implementation of HoB.

54. The tasks of HoB National Working Group are as follows:

(1) To develop and coordinate the implementation National Action and Strategic Plan in-cluding its revision from time to time;

(2) To coordinate and harmonize the implementation of HoB management program and the action and strategic plan at the sectoral, inter-sectoral, and provincial levels and;

(3) To support related sectors to develop national and sectoral policy based on HoB Initia-tive direction and in accordance with the sector’s main tasks and functions;

(4) To establish HoB management principles, both at the sectoral, inter-sectoral or pro-vincial levels , to engage in specific issues in order to increase the effectiveness of the achievement of HoB management objectives;

(5) To coordinate and direct HoB National Secretariat;

(6) To develop funding mechanisms and control its implementation in financing HoB programs;


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(7) To develop and implement the monitoring and evaluation systems of HoB management.

6.3. HOB PROVINCE AND DISTRICT INSTITUTIONS

55. The establishment of HoB institutions at the Provincial and District/City level needs to consider the principles, tasks, and functions of the above mentioned local indstitutions and should also consider output of the institution and indicators as presented in Table 3.

Table 3. HoB Institution Output and Indicators at Provincial and District/City Levels

Output Indicator

THE EXISTENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES • Organizational Structure

• Clear main tasks and function

• Authority & accountability

• Level and scope of involvement

• Leadership/political will

THE EXISTENCE OF ACTIVE ACTIONS • Meeting Frequency

• The amount of decision

• Response/input

• Public awareness

EFFECTIVE POLICIES ARE IN PLACE • Adopted in Government Policy

• Policy Reformation

• Priority & strategy

• Planning & allocation

56. The tasks of Provincial HoB Working Groups are as follows:

(1) To adopt the National Action Plan and use it as the basis for the implementation of HoB management programs and activities at province level, as well as to build and adopt a Provincial level HoB Management Action Plan;

(2) To coordinate the development and implementation of the programs and activities of the Provincial Government especially those which are directly related to HoB management;

(3) To coordinate and harmonize the implementation of the districts’ and inter-districts’ action plans for HoB

(4) To develop a funding mechanism and to control its implementation in the financing of the HoB management programs;

(5) To develop and implement monitoring and evaluation systems for HoB management .

57. The National/Local Working Group does not, in principle, take sectoral or Services roles for HoB implementation at national or local level. For cross-sectoral issues which are difficult to be handled by individual relevant sectors, these will be supported and coordinated by the working group to promote solutions.


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The roles of the National Working Group in coordinating related sectors include the follow-ings:

a. To adopt the tri-lateral Strategic Plan of Action into National Strategic Plans

b. To undertake negotiations at the trilateral meetings

c. To support private sector by developing best management practices (BMP) guidelines. The products will be implemented by relevant businesses and industries in the given sectors and used by local government to develop better policies. Activities under the authorities of sectors will be implemented by the relevant sectors supported byHoB Na-tional Working Group.

The Local Working Group task is mainly to coordinate local governmental services in:

1. Local policy development according to the guidelines developed in national and three countries levels;

2. Local Working Group strategic plan development so that it is harmonized with national and trilateral action and strategy plan;

3. Supporting local sectoral/ governmental services plans in order to be in line with HoB program;

4. Supporting the local governmental services in the implementation of their plans in order to be aligned with HoB guidelines and direction.


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58. Institutional development in HoB management includes also monitoring and evaluation in order to efectively implement the Strategic and National Action Plan of HoB at the national and local level. Monitoring and evaluation will include monitoring and evaluation of activi-ties, program, institution as well as funding allocation in HoB management.

59. This National Strategic and Action Plan is valid for 5 (five) years period (2009-2013) and open to revision (when needed) on that period of time.

7. CLOSING

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APPENDIX 1. SYNCHRONIZATION OF HOB STRATEGIC AND ACTION PLAN IN TRILATERAL, NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVEL

No.Strategy/ Intervention

Area

SCOPE OF STRATEGIC AND ACTION PLAN

TRILATERAL NATIONALPROVINCE

EAST KALIMANTAN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN WEST KALIMANTAN

I. INTER AREA/AUTHORITY COOPERATION

1.1. Sustainable Land Use • To identify, develop and promote ecotourism programs

• To develop and study HoB master plan by considering the HoB initiative according to rules and regulation on each country

• To implement the joint spatial planning coordination in HoB area

• Determine HoB area boundary

• Encourage immediate finalization of provincial and district spatial plan (RTRW) to ensure sustainable development implementation in HoB area.

• Delineate HoB area in East Kalimantan

• Identification of detail of socio-economic and socio-cultural condition of the people

• Identification and allocation of HoB area into RTRW Province and District Maps

• Integration and synergy of HoB plan with ongoing and/or planned program initiative

• Monitoring of all spatial allocation, both big scale and small scale

• Delineation, boundary determination, and identification of area included into HoB area

• Synchronization of cross-districts spatial plan in HoB area

• Analysis and valuation of natural resources potential and analysis on spatial planning change

• Survey or study on threat on biodiversity in HoB area

• Inventory on cultivation activities in HoB area

• Study on land support ability

• Arrangement on sustainable area development concept

• Forest planning and development

• Arrangement of detailed HoB plan

• Forest fire prevention and mitigation

• Environmental pollution and destruction control

• Study and development of essential plants Essential plantation research program

1.2. Sector Policy Reform • To strenghten the partnership among research institutions and develop and support collaboration such as researcher exchange to work on conservation and sustainable development in HoB area.

• To provide policy recommendations about conservation and sustainable development in HoB area.

Establish criteria and indicators for sustainable natural resources management and disseminate in order to integrate them into sectoral policies

• Socialization on HoB action plan to all identified key stakeholders

• Promotion (e.g. pilot project) of sustainable natural resources management approach

• Development of incentive system to all contributors that help met HoB vision, mission and activities

• Development of schemes/activity that optimize environmental services utilization

• Revision of regional regulation on mining and plantation management

• Arrangement of environmental based development policy

• Governor regulation on guideline of land clearing for community

• Synchronization of central and local government on natural resources management policy

• Encourage implementation of better management practices on natural resources management

• To review Local Policy on natural resource utilization (plantation, mining)

1.3. Institutional Capacity Building

• To implement the capacity building in national level on biodiversity, water management, spatial planning, GIS, protected area management, ecotourism and law enforcement in prevention of illegal distribution of forest products such as timber, wildlife and other biodiversity

• To develop effective and coherent information exchange mechanisms

• To hold research and joint or (and) coordianted studies, especially on biodiversity and social economy, including demographic assessment

• To develop a community awareness program on advance forest biodiversity loss prevention, including timber product and wildlife

• To increase the education and awareness on HoB programs

• Establish an institutional framework for natural resources management in the HoB area

• Establish a HoB master plan and management plan

• Develop basic and applied research as well as strengthening collaboration among research institutions based on HoB vision and mission

• Promote participation, collaboration, awareness and education on HoB implementation

• Strengthen HoB Local Working Group roles in term of local institution reform

• Development of cross administration, upstream-downstream, and cross-sectoral on program cooperation

• Development of natural resources potential database and management policy

• Implementation of ‘one river, one management’ schemes on cross-nations and cross-districts watersheds

• Development of basic and advance research that relates to biophysical and socio-economic-cultural aspects

• Strengthen regional working group roles in order to strengthen local institution’s in accordance to Government regulation No38 and 41/2007

• Conducting studies on holistic institutions

• Strengthen local working group roles to strengthen local institution’s in accordance with Government Regulation No 38 and 41/2007

• Improvement of cross boundary management in West Kalimantan

• Establishment of Production Forest and Protected Forest Management Unit in HoB area


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II. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT

2.1. Policy Advocacy • To identify, asses and define cross border conservation zones to strengthen the conservation area management in the area, based on cultural heritage and nature values, water catchment capacity and biodiversity.

• To develop institutional relation among conservation areas in HoB area.

• Recommend management strengtheneing and/or (if considered necessary) propose additional or enhance status of protected and conservation areas in HoB

• Develop policy on the development and/or strengthening the transboundary conservation areas management

• Promotion and facilitation of protected area management

• Protection and securing of conservation/protected forest area

• Technical and non-technical promotion and facilitation of necessities for conservation district development

• Facilitation of social management in all protected areas

• Improve the status of protected areas in HoB area in Central Kalimantan

• Improve forest area

• Area or high conservation value forests management

• Integrated watershed and critical land management

• Management and rehabilitation of river, lake and other natural resources buffer zones

• Flood management

• Rehabilitation and restoration of natural resources reserves

• Protection and conservation of natural resources

2.2. Protected Area’s Information and Management

• To develop ecotourism management network in conservation area management system frame

• To develop and increase the standard operating procedures and monitoring and evaluation system of cross border conservation area, and if needed, to hold joint monitoring and evaluation activity

• To develop master list of conservation areas in HoB area by putting information on management objectives, special features and related relevant institutions and personal, as well as area category form based on each country’s requirement.

• Develop standard, assessment, system , publication, monitoring and evaluation of protected areas management including institutional collaboration among protected area authorities and the development of ecotourism in HoB area

•

• Exploration and identification of forest area that carried potential/important value for biodiversity protection

• “Extra conservation” on Bornean elephant and other endemic species through active participation of stakeholders

• Develop forest corridor between three national parks (TNKM, TNBK, and TNBBBR) and followed up with stakeholders involvement and develop its management plan

• Mapping and integrated management of conservation and critical areas

• Cultivation and development of forest plans that endemic and/or beneficial

• Socialize HoB management to all administration level and to all relevant stakeholders

• Arrangement and improvement of database (spatial and attribute data)

• Study on model and approach on ecotourism development in Central Kalimantan’s HoB area

• Improve natural resources information quality and access

• Monitoring and enforcement to activities that destruct environment

• Nature preservation and nature sanctuary area management

• Orangutan conservation

• Development of ecotourism in BKNP and DSNP area

2.3. Community Empowerment

• To develop and increase the community based ecotourism activities in HoB area

• To develop system and conducting collaborative cross border conservation area which accommodate local community involvement and other stakeholders.

• To develop and increase approaches that lead to land management repair and local community vegetation management inside or around the conservation area.

• Strengthen policy and implementation of protected area management collaboration, including community based ecotourism development

• Arrange environmental education program

• Strengthen policy and stakeholders participation in sustainable forest management

• Planning and development of renewable energy in urban area

• Develop community radio as means of communication in the border area and its vicinity

• Strengthen local institutions on environment and forest resources conservation management

• Arrangement and development of environmental and natural resources education program(strengthen human resources and institution capacity)

• Strengthen participative natural resources management

• Synchronization and integration of community empowerment program from various development sectors

• Environmental services utilization in protected areas

• Develop non-timber cultivation area e.g. rattan, damar

2.4. Private Sector/ State Owned Enterprise (BUMN) Engagement

• Development options of private sector/BUMN engagement in protected area management

• Encourage private/BUMN roles in protection area management and community empowerment

• Develop partnership and strengthen stakeholders institution in management/collaborative conservation of natural resources/forest resources

• Active participation of private/BUMN in protected area management in HoB area

• Strengthen partnership in institution development and sustainable livelihood

• Strengthen corporate social responsibility implementation

• Improve urban human resources

• Develop community’s real sectors

• Green area management To strengthen community’s human resources


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III. NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OUTSIDE THE PROTECTED AREA

3.1. Policy Reform • To develop, increase and strenghten the mechanism and existing guideline that guarantees the best practices impelementation of natural resources management, implementation of sustainable use principles and ecosystem approach implementation on each natural resource use, including forestry, planatation and mining in HoB area.

• Develop equitable sharing of benefits which arise from sustainable natural resources management.

• Monitor and evaluate economic activities and promote the HoB area as an ecotourism destination and implementation of Reduction of Emission from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) program under Climate Change Convention

• Undertaket audit on the utilization of natural forest and timber estate in HoB area

• Encourage implementation of rehabilitation and restoration program on degraded forest and lands in HoB area

• Improve community economy, especially those whose daily life depend on natural resources

• Develop renewable energy

• Develop local potential for sustainable natural resources utilization

• Facilitation of rehabilitation and restoration on degraded forest area program implementation

• Encourage development of community plantation (small scale) that environmental friendly (by considering conservation aspect)

• Policy analysis in social, culture and economy problems

• Survey activity or socio-culture and economy study of the community who live inside or outside Muller Schwanner as well as to found the community’s economy development potential

• Development of sub-districts and village infrastructure

• To increase marketing and agriculture production result

• To increase the farmers’ welfare

• To establish the forest area boundary

• Development of small and middle enterprises

• Forest and land rehabilitation

3.2. Sustainable Land Use • To develop a rehabilitation and restoration program scheme for damaged forest area in HoB

• To develop the HoB area as potential site to Reduction of Emission from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) project implementation.

• Inventory and categorization of conflicts over forest and land uses in HoB area

• Establish mechanism for conflict resolution and undertake mediation for conflict resolution

• Evaluation of land space uses

• Develop model (demplot) for implementation of sustainable development in private sector, especially related with natural resources utilization inside/around HoB area

• Improve production from communities around the forest area through environmentally friendly agriculture intensification (e.g. organic agriculture, agroforestry)

• Protection of productive agriculture land/area from conversion

• Maintaine and institutionalize local wisdom of community around HoB area

• Develop community based ecotourism

• Inventory and identification of local best products in HoB area

• Study and survey on experience and model of local knowledge based natural resources management

• Improve food Sustainability

• Forest resources utilization

• Develop organic agriculture in buffer zone of conservation/protected area

• Develop ecotourism’s partnership and destination

• Monitoring environmental services and nature care

• Implementation and monitoring of AMDAL, RKL/RPL document

3.3. Information and Management

• Develop natural resources data base of the HoB area

• Ellaborate criteria and indicators for monitoring and evaluation of natural resources

• Implement monitoring and evaluation of natural resources

• Strengthen institutions (in provincial, districts and community level)

• Strengthen social community group (NGO)

• Develop electronic based data network on environment

• Develop carbon data (reserve and flow) in all forest types in HoB area

• Develop data and information networks with other institutions, inside and outside HoB area

• Develop RHL Master Plan in Central Kalimantan’s HoB area

• Develop early warning system for natural disaster

• Improve community awareness on forest and land fires

• Inventory and identification of natural resources conflict and other social problems

• Develop pilot study on payment for environmental services utilization and mechanism

• Inventory and identification of communal rights and community access towards natural resources in HoB area

• Develop HoB data basis for provincial and district level

• Develop natural resources balance

• Socialization of HoB data and information


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IV. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND SUSTAINABLE FINANCING

Institutional Capacity Building

• Promote legal basis for the HoB area

• Determine work relationship and work prioritization of HoB National Working Group and Local Working Groups

• Evaluation of provinces and district governments’ performance in the implementation of sustainable development in HoB area including in the case where there is an additional new province or district/city resulting from administrative extension

• Develop funding schemes related to environmental services utilization in HoB area

• Improve human resources and village/kampong community institution in managing funding from natural resources and environmental services utilization

• Documentation and strengthening or developing culture conservation through cultural-tourism as alternative source of income

• Inventoring and identification of sources of funding for HoB program implementation in Central Kalimantan

• Improve human resouorces capacity of government, NGOs and community through education and training, internship, comparative study, etc.

• Strengthen coordination among HoB working groups from national to district level

• Improve human resources capacity

• Mechanism of working relation between Province and District

Policy Reform • Encourage consistent implementation of decentralization and devolution of HoB area management

• Facilitation/promote the process of village empowerment regarding village development planning and funding management

• Local institution strengthening in HoB management

• Strengthen integration of conservation and regional development program

• Study on natural resources management integration

• Increase APBD (annual local government’s budget) allocation for environment protection in HoB area

• Enforcement of without permit natural resources utilization

Sustainable Financing Development

• Fundraising and resources mobilization

• Exploration of creative financing and fundraising


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APPENDIX 2. INDONESIA’S HEART OF BORNEO BASED ON 2008’S GIS WORKING GROUP


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MENENUN KAIN SONGKET KATAK POHON

Heart of Borneo - National Working GroupThe Coordinator Ministry for Economic Affairs, Republic of IndonesiaJl. Lapangan Banteng Timur No 2-4 Jakarta 10710Telp: +62 (0)21 3500 901FAX: +62 (0)21 3521 967

Forestry DepartmentDirectorate General of Forest Protection and Nature ConservationGedung Manggala Wanabakti Blok VII lt. 7Telp/Fax: +62 (0)21 5720 229

heart of borneo - national working group

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