Healthy People 2010 Focus Area 8:

Environmental Health

Progress ReviewFebruary 2, 2007

Key Components of Environmental Health

Source: Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition. With understanding and improving health and objectives for improving health. Vol. 1. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. November 2000.

Water Quality

Toxics and Waste

Outdoor Air Quality

Healthy Homes and Healthy Communities

Global Environmental Health

Infrastructure and Surveillance

Health of Individuals & Communities

n=13n=13

n=40

n=10

n=8

n=9

Environmental Health

• Criteria† pollutant-related illness alone costs about $250 billion annually.

• Excess deaths related to air pollution estimated at 50,000 – 100,000 per year

• Excess lifetime cancer risk related to air pollution is estimated at 1,400 per million persons

• Poor indoor air quality costs tens of billions of dollars per year due to

– lost productivity– direct medical costs,– and damage to equipment and materials.

† Criteria pollutants include: ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.

Highlighted Objectives

Improving (n=17)

8-1a,b Ozone, particulate matter8-9 Beaches open and safe for swimming8-11 Elevated blood-lead levels in children8-13 Pesticide exposures causing visits to health care

facility8-25b,c,e Exposure to cadmium, lead, mercury in children 1-

5 years

8-25q Mercury in females 18-49 years8-25p Lindane

Target met or exceeded (n=14)

Getting worse (n=8)

8-10a,b Fish consumption advisories

Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), Environmental Protection Agency.

43

25

71

39

61

47

37

0

25

50

75

Persons Living in Areas that do not Meet EPA Standards for Ozone

Percent of population

2010 Target = 0%

1997

Total American Indian WhiteBlackHispanicAsian Native Hawaiian

Obj. 8-1a

Decrease desired

Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), Environmental Protection Agency.

4339

25 23

7167

3935

61 59

4743

3733

0

25

50

75

Persons Living in Areas that do not Meet EPA Standards for Ozone

Percent of population

2010 Target = 0%

1997 2004

Total American Indian WhiteBlackHispanicAsian Native Hawaiian

Obj. 8-1a

Decrease desired

1215

2530

8

24

9

0

25

50

75

Persons Living in Areas that do not Meet EPA Standards for Particulate Matter

Percent of population

2010 Target = 0%

1997

Total American Indian WhiteBlackHispanicAsian Native Hawaiian

Decrease desired

Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-1b

12 1015 13

2522 22

30 28

8 6 7

24

9

0

25

50

75

Persons Living in Areas that do not Meet EPA Standards for Particulate Matter

Percent of population

2010 Target = 0%

1997 2004

Total American Indian WhiteBlackHispanicAsian Native Hawaiian

Decrease desired

Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-1b

Particulatematter

Monitor Locations

Note: Locations illustrate general distribution of monitors, monitor locations are not georeferencedSource: Monitor Data Queries, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency.

OzoneParticulatematter

Monitor Locations

Note: Locations illustrate general distribution of monitors, monitor locations are not georeferencedSource: Monitor Data Queries, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency.

1997

Ozone Non-attainment Counties (1-Hr standard)

Source: Green Book, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-1a

2010 Target = 0%

Decrease desired

2004

Ozone Non-attainment Counties (1-Hr standard)

Source: Green Book, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-1a

2010 Target = 0%

Decrease desired

1997

Particulate Matter Non-attainment Counties (10 micron standard)

Source: Green Book, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-1b

2010 Target = 0%

Decrease desired

2004

Particulate Matter Non-attainment Counties (10 micron standard)

Source: Green Book, Office of Air and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-1b

2010 Target = 0%

Decrease desired

Beaches Open and Safe for Swimming

Percent of beach days

Source: BEACH Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Obj. 8-9

2010 Target: 98

Increase desired

100

95

90

85

80

0

2002 2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Source: National Listing of Fish Advisories, Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Fish Consumption Advisories

Obj. 8-10a-b

Decrease desired

2010 Targets

River and StreamMiles

Lake and ReservoirAcreage

Percent of assessed watersunder advisories

2002 2004

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Children ages 1-5 years with Elevated Blood-lead Levels

*Data are statistically unreliable and are suppressed.Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS.

Percent

Black LowTotal White

Decrease desired

2010 Target: 0 %

Obj. 8-11

Female Male

1991-1994

Med. High

**

Race/ethnicity Gender Family Income

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Children ages 1-5 years with Elevated Blood-lead Levels

*Data are statistically unreliable and are suppressed.Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS.

Percent

Black LowTotal White

Decrease desired

2010 Target: 0 %

Obj. 8-11

Female Male

1991-1994 1999-2004

Med. High

**

Race/ethnicity Gender Family Income

Pesticide Exposures

Source: Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS), American Association of Poison Control Centers Obj. 8-13

Pesticide Exposures(Resulting in Visits to Health Care Facilities)

2010 Target: 11.398

Visits(in thousands)

Decrease desired

24

22

20

18

16

0

14

12

10

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Heavy Metals in the Blood(Highest concentration for 95% of the population)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Cadmium Lead

Blood concentration (ug/L)

Females & Males1-5 years

Females16-49 years

………. ……….Mercury

1999-2000 2001-2002 Decrease desired

2010 Targets

Source: National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC, NCHS Obj. 8-25b,c,e,q

Source: National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, NCEH, CDC.

Lindane (beta-HCH) in the Blood(Highest concentration for 95% of the population)

Obj. 8-25p

2010 Target: 48.2

Decrease desired

Serum concentration (ng/g lipid)

90

80

70

60

50

0

40

1999-2000 2001-2002

Status of Environmental Health Objectives

• Target met or exceeded• Improving• Little or no change• Getting worse• No tracking data• Dropped at midcourse• Retained as

developmental

1417

68

306

12

• Challenges– Environmental measurements are only proxies for

human exposure, which through mobility varies from day to day, and place to place.

• Barriers– Lack of systematic data collection

• StrategiesNew or enhanced data systems– National Biomonitoring Program– National Environmental Public Health Tracking

Program

New tools for assessment of exposure and health– Genes and Environment Initiative / Exposure Biology

Program– National Children’s Study

Data Challenges, Barriers, and Strategies

Progress Review data and slides

can be accessed on the web at:

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hphome.htm