Health promotion of the school-aged childBy Kelly Graham, Chelsea Moore,

and Mattie Starks

ObjectivesThe objective of this presentation is to provide parents of school-age children with information on the following topics:O Screenings and immunizations O NutritionO ExerciseO Oral healthO Mental health and bullyingO Safety

(Murray, Zentner, & Yakimo, 2009)

School-aged yearsO Middle childhood: 6-8 years of ageO Late childhood: 8-12 years of age

(Riley, Locke, & Skye, 2011)

ScreeningsO Complete history and physicalO Lifestyle habits (diet, exercise,

screen time, sleep, dental care, and safety)

O Vision and hearing screeningsO Developmental screeningO Mental health screening

(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014)

ImmunizationsO Yearly flu vaccineO Recommended vaccines-ages 4 to 6:

O DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis)O IPV (polio)O MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella)O Varicella (chickenpox)

O Recommended vaccines-ages 11 and 12:O DTaPO MeningococcalO HPV2-for girls only or HPV4-for boys and girls

(human papillomavirus; series of 3-doses)

(Mayo Clinic, 2014)

Nutritional guidelinesO Daily guidelines for girls

O Ages 4-8: O Calories 1200-1800O Protein 3-5 ouncesO Vegetables 1.5-2.5 cupsO Fruits 1-1.5 cupsO Grains 4-6 ouncesO Dairy 2.5-3 cups

(Mayo Clinic, 2014)

Nutritional guidelinesO Daily guidelines for girls

O Ages 9-13: O Calories 1400-2200O Protein 4-6 ouncesO Vegetables 1.5-3 cupsO Fruits 1.5-2 cupsO Grains 5-7 ouncesO Dairy 2.5-3 cups

(Mayo Clinic, 2014)

Nutritional guidelinesO Daily guidelines for boys

O Ages 4-8: O Calories 1200-2000O Protein 3-5.5 ouncesO Vegetables 1.5-2.5 cupsO Fruits 1-2 cupsO Grains 4-6 ouncesO Dairy 2.5-3 cups

(Mayo Clinic, 2014)

Nutritional guidelinesO Daily guidelines for boys

O Ages 9-13: O Calories 1600-2600O Protein 5-6.5 ouncesO Vegetables 2-3.5 cupsO Fruits 1.5-2 cupsO Grains 5-9 ouncesO Dairy 3 cups

(American Heart Association, 2013)

Physical activityO Lack of physical activity could lead

to:O Heart diseaseO ObesityO High blood pressureO Diabetes

O Recommended guidelines for children:O Sixty minutes of moderate to vigorous

physical activity daily

(American Heart Association, 2013)

Physical activityO Importance of exercise

O Weight controlO Raises “good” cholesterol (HDL)O Reduces risk of diabetes, high blood

pressure, heart diseaseO Improved psychological well-being

O How to promote exerciseO Make exercise funO Be a good role modelO Limit screen time

(Hirsch, 2012)

Oral healthO Tips for maintaining good oral health

in children:1. Brush your child’s teeth at least

twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste

2. Help your child floss once a day3. Provide healthy meals and snacks4. Take your child to the dentist for

regular check-ups at least twice a year

5. Ask your dentist about sealants

(Collaborative Solutions Network, 2014)

Mental HealthO The mental health problems that affect the

school-aged child include:O ADHDO Anxiety disorderO Asperger syndromeO Attachment disorderO Bipolar disorderO DepressionO Eating disordersO Oppositional Defiant DisorderO Substance abuseO Trauma

(stopbullying.gov, n.d.)

BullyingO Unwanted or aggressive behavior that

involves real or perceived power imbalance

O Bullies and kids being bullied can have serious and lasting problems, such as depression or suicidal thoughts

O Types of bullyingO VerbalO SocialO Physical

(stopbullying.gov, n.d.)

BullyingO Who is at risk

O Gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgenderO Kids with disabilitiesO Socially isolated

O Warning signsO Unexplained injuryO Personal property lost or damagedO Faking illnesses

O Effects of bullyingO Mental health issuesO Decrease in academic performanceO Health complaints

(stopbullying.gov, n.d.)

BullyingO How to prevent bullying

O Help your kids understand what bullying is

O Talk to your kids openly about bullying

O Encourage your kids to stay active in activities they enjoy

O Be a good role model for your kids and treat others with respect and kindness

(stopbullying.gov, n.d.)

BullyingO Responding to the bullying

O Respond quickly and consistently to bullying behavior

O Find out what happened by getting the facts and determining if it’s bullying

O Support the child who was bulliedO Address the child who bulliedO Talk to the kids who witnessed the

bullying

(Boyse, 2009)

SafetyO Ensure proper restraints in the carO Water safety O Fire safetyO PoisoningO Gun safetyO Internet safetyO Recreational safetyO Stranger danger

ReferencesO American Heart Association (2013). The AHA's recommendations for

physical activity in children. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/HealthierKids/ActivitiesforKids/The-AHAs-Recommendations-for-Physical-Activity-in-Children_UCM_304053_Article.jsp

O Boyse, K. (2009). Children and Safety: General Information. Retrieved from http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/genlsafe.htm

O Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Recommended immunization schedules for persons Aged 0 through 18 years: United States, 2014. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html

O Collaborative Network Solutions (2014). Middle Childhood (6-12 years). Retrieved from http://www.mentalhealthconnect.org/professionals/strategies/middle-school/

ReferencesO Hirsch, K.H. (2012). Taking care of your teeth. Retrieved from

http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/body/teeth_care.html#

O Mayo Clinic Staff (2014). Nutrition for kids: Guidelines for a healthy diet. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/childrens-health/in-depth/nutrition-for-kids/art-20049335?pg=1

O Murray, RB., Zentner, J.P., & Yakimo, R. (2009). Health promotion strategies through the life span (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

O Riley, M., Locke, A.B., & Skye, E.P. (2011). Health maintenance in school-aged children: Part I. History, physical examination, screening, and immunizations. American Family Physician, 83(6), 683-688. Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0315/p683.html

References O stopbullying.gov (n.d.). Prevent bullying. Retrieved

from http://www.stopbullying.gov/prevention/index.html

O Stopbullying.gov (n.d.). Respond to bullying. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/respond/support-kids-involved/index.html

O stopbullying.gov (n.d.). What is bullying. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/roles-kids-play/index.html

O stopbullying.gov (n.d.). Who is at risk. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects/index.html