HEALTH BENEFITS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Modern technology has also helped advance medecine. Health today can

be improved through surgery and medication, modern techniques in the prevention of disease, heart surgery

and modern equipments such as laser and

bio-energizer.

The invention of the laser beam has proven

to be invaluable in the field of medicine. On

Tuesday, May 10, 2005, Ted Cowan, Director of the Nevada Terawatt Facility

at the University of Nevada, and his

research team has produced a proton beam

that has 100 times higher quality than anyconventional particle accelerator and

fits on a table top.

Irradiation with accelerated carbon ions can easily target a tumor and destroy it without sacrificing the surrounding tissues. It makes possible treatment for some cancers such as those in the head regions, that were previously untreatable.

According to Cowan, ion beam cancer therapies are far more precise in treating cancer than conventional therapies.

Modern technology enables medical professionals to inspect the body: Several tests provide essential information to aid in the diagnosis of illnesses and

the selection of appropriate treatment. These are:

1. Complete blood cell count (CBC) = it determines the number and types of cells in the blood.2. Urinalysis= is a microscopic examination and chemical analysis of the urine. The presence of red blood cells, white blood cells, casts (formation of protein) and crystals (uric acid) are seen in the microscopic examination.

3. Electrocardiogram (ECG)= is a visual record of the heart’s electrical

impulses, which control the rate and rhythm of beating.

4. Biopsy= is the removal of a small sample of tissue for

examination under a microscope.5. Angiography (also called arteriography) = is a visualization of the blood vessels, usually by

introduction of a chatheter, that is inserted directly into a blood vessel.

6. Electroencephalogram (EEG)= It is used to detect abnormalities in the brain.

7. Endoscopy= is a method of directly viewing the inside of hollow

organs by intersecting an endoscope (a flexible, lighted tubelike instrument) into the organs.

8. Nuclear Medicine Scanning (or Radioisotope)

= used primilarly as a diagnostic tool to detect tumors, blood clots and malfunctioning of organs in the body.

9. Ultra sonography= often called ultrasound, is a method of visualizing

the structures of the body.

10. Mammography= is a simple, generally painless examination of

the breast by means of a special X-ray machine that is designed to be used for soft tissues.

11. Pap Smear Test= involves scrapping some cells from the surface

of the area where the cervix opens into the vagina.

Our lifetime has experienced breakthoughs in medicine and ways of preventing severe body

pains.

Examples of these are:1. Acupuncture= an ancient system of healing that had

developed for over thousands of years as part of the

traditional medicine of China.2. Chiropractic treatment= is the diagnosis and manipulative treatment of mechanical disorders of the joints, especially

the spinal column.

Modern Technologies That Help in the Control of Disease

= Different discoveries in the field of science and medicine helped a lot in the battle against communicable diseases, as well as in the prolongation of human life.

A. Modern Treatment☯ Acupuncture ☯Radiation☯Heart bypass ☯ Liquid Nitrogen☯ Endorphin ☯ Transplant☯ Fibrin☯ Cobalt 60☯ Chemotheraphy

B. Modern Apparatus☯ X-ray

☯Electroencephalography☯ Laser ☯ Ultrasound☯ Keycell bio-energizer ☯Scanner☯ Electrocardiography

C. Scientists who contributed greatly in the field of medicine and health:✪ Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1676)= invented the microscope.✪ Robert Hooke (1678)= developed the first compound microscope.

✪ Louis Pasteur (1861)= Father of Bacteriology; discovered the cure to

rabies.✪ Joseph Lister (1867)= introduced the value of sterilization and

aseptic (disease producing bacteria) precaution.

✪ Edward Jenner (1796)= introduced the first vaccine using cowpox to

immunize against small pox.✪ Paul Ehrlich (1910)= pioneered the technique of chemotherapy

which deals with the use of chemicals for the treatment and control of disease-causing organisms.

✪ Alexander Fleming (1928)= discovered the antibiotic penicillin.✪ William Einthoven (1911)= invented the electrocardiograph.✪ Jonas Salk (1953)= developed the first vaccine against

poliomyelitis.✪ Christian Barnard (1967)= performed the first sucessful heart transplant

on a human being.✪Dr. Peter Safar (late 1950s)= Father of CPR; proposed the A-B-C (airway,

breathing, circulation) sequence of resuscitation, including the technique of “mouth-to-mouth” resuscitation.

✪ Dr. Patricia Bath (1981)= ophthalmologic surgeon; invented the

Laserphaco Probe, a surgical tool that uses a laser to vaporize cataracts via a tiny, 1-millimeter insertion into a patient’s eye.

✪ Willem J. Kolff (1950s)= medical researcher; invented the artificial

kidney dialysis machine.✪ Gertrude Elion (1954)= patented the leukemia-fighting drug 6-

mercaptopurine and has made other significant contributions in the field of medecine; in 1988.

✪ Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen (1973)= invented the technique of DNA cloning, which

allowed genes to be transplanted between different biological species.

✪Frederick Banting (1921-22)= co-inventor of insulin.= Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas

and is used in treating diabetic patients.✪Dr. Raymond V. Damadian (1970)= invented MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

scanning machine.

✪ Dr. Karl Theodore Dussik (1942)= Austrian physician; published the first paper

on medical ultrasonics, that paved the way to the production of ultrasound.

✪Professor Ian Donald of Scotland (1950s)= developed practical technology and

applications for ultrasound.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES: COMBAT THEM

Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases

✿Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases, are contagious; that is, they can be passed or transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect means. They can be transmitted by skin contact, through body fluids, in contaminated food or drink via airborne particles containing microorganisms. Animals or insect bites are also agents of transmission, colds, pneumonia, AIDS, flu, hepatitis, cholera, malaria, etc. are all communicable disease. They are caused by a microorganism (a living organism that is so small that it can be seen only with a microscope) capable of causing a disease that invades the body. The two most common types of infectious diseases are bacterial infections and viral infections.

✿ Noncommunicable diseases like heart attack, hypertension, stroke, cancer, diabetes are not transferrable. They are caused by malfunctioning and abnormal conditions of the body. These diseases are considered lifestyle diseases. The wrong diet, including eating too much or too little, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, over-dependence on automobiles, sedentary work and psychological stresses are thought to accelerate the appearance of these disease. Eating to much of certain foods may contribute to heart disease. Eating too little can cause vitamin deficiency like the bone-deforming disease known as rickets, night blindness or xeropthalmia, scurvy and kwashior kor (also known as protein manutrition and protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM).

✿ Noncommunicable diseases have overtaken communicable diseases as major health problems. As reported by the Department of Health (DOH) and World Health Organization (WHO), the three leading causes of death in this era are cancer, heart disease and circulatory diseases. Many people have died of these diseases due to the lifestyle they have chosen to live. Thus the keys to protect oneself from acquiring such chronic diseases are pervention and healthy habits.

Communicable Diseases

✰ Bacteria= are tiny one-called organisms that grow

anywhere. Most bacteria such as those that thrive in the intestines do not cause diseases, and instead, help digest food.

✰Viruses= are the smallest and simplest forms of life.

They are the most common causes of communicable diseases.

✰Fungi= are simple life forms that cannot make their

own food. They live in hair, nails, and skin. Example of these are mushroom and yeast.

✰ Protozoa= are simple, animal-like organisms. Malaria is a

disease caused by protozoa.

Common Communicable Diseases

1. Colds= most common communicable disease caused

by a hundred different viruses. They are spread through air and water and through contact with someone who is a carier. Colds are already contagious the first day a symptom appears.

2. Pneumonia= is a serious disease of the lungs that can be

caused by either bacteria or viruses. The air sacs in the lungs are filled with fluid and dead white blood cells rather than air. This causes difficulty in breathing.

3. Influenza or Flu= a serious illness caused by viruses. This lowers

the body’s resistence to bacterial infection.4. Mononucleosis or “the kissing disease”= This is a disease common among young

people caused by a virus that results in a high number of white-blood cells in the body.

5. Hepatitis= is a disease that involves the swelling of the

liver. There ere two main kinds of hepatitis:✼Hepatitis A – caused by a virus that often

enters the body through contaminated

food or dirty water.

✼Hepatitis B – This is spread through contact with body fluids of an infected person.6. Malaria= caused by protozoa through the bites of

mosquitoes. Symptoms of this disease include chilling, high fever and headache.

7. Cholera= caused by bacteria which usually infect a person

as he drinks water which contains feces or solid waste of people or eats food which has been washed with contaminated water.

8. AIDS (Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)= It is caused by a virus known as the human

immune deficiency virus or HIV. It is a very serious disease that leads to death but can be prevented.

How Communicable Diseases are Spread

❆by air – persons who cough or sneeze spread germs

through the air.❆through people – direct contact with a person

who is infected with the virus.❆through contact with animals – through insect bites such as those of mosquitoes

and bites from infected animals.❆through contaminated water and food – microorganisms such as bacteria and protozoa thrive in water.

Health Measures to Prevent and Control Communicable Diseases

✦Practe good health habits- bath everyday, get plenty of rest and exercise- eat a balance diet- use your own eating or drinking utensils- observe finger food preperation and cooking- undergo regular check up✦Practice good behavior to protect others- stay home when sick- Cover the mouth when coughing or sneezing

♥♥♥ Group 3 ♥♥♥

✔ Jomar Macasabuang✔ Nicole Flores✔ Jaztin Malanay✔ Marinel Garcia✔ Ryan Miguel✔ France Pescuela✔ Jonalyn Gregorio✔ Ma. Grace Kapaw-an By: Jackielou

Gaspang