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Lessons1 What Is Health? 4

2 What Influences Your Health? 8

3 Healthy Attitudes 10

4 Life Skills to Improve Your Health 12

Chapter Review 16

Life Skills in Action 18

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Health andWellness

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1 Health and Wellness 3

“I am really looking forwardto this school year. I made first chair in band,

and I made the baseball team, too.

And best of all, I still have all of

my friends from last year.”Health

PRE-READING

Answer the following

multiple-choice questions

to find out what you

already know about

health and wellness.

When you’ve finished

this chapter, you’ll have

the opportunity to change

your answers based on

what you’ve learned.

1. Doing which of the followingwould most help your physicalhealth?a. expressing your feelings to

a friendb. balancing your social life

with schoolworkc. getting 8 hours of sleep

a nightd. using self-control

2. All of the following will help improve your socialhealth EXCEPTa. sharing your feelings with

your friends.b. showing respect toward your

family and friends.c. being considerate of others.d. solving problems without a

lot of difficulty.

3. Being able to cope with thedemands of daily life is a signof good a. physical health.b. emotional health.c. mental health.d. social health.

4. Getting an annual physicalexam isa. preventive healthcare.b. a healthy attitude.c. positive life skills.d. good hygiene.

5. The life skill that involvesgiving thought to the valueand quality of a product isa. coping.b. making good decisions.c. being a wise consumer.d. communicating effectively.

6. The life skill that gives yousomething to work towardand keeps you focused isa. assessing your health.b. setting goals.c. practicing wellness.d. communicating effectively.

IQ

ANSWERS: 1. c; 2. d; 3. c; 4. a; 5. c; 6. b


4 Chapter 1 Health and Wellness

What You’ll Do

■ Identify the four parts of health.

■ Explain how the four partsof health affect yourwellness.

Terms to Learn

• health

• wellness

WriteStart Off

What are some ways that youcan take care of your health?

Figure 1 In-line skatingis fun, and it is one wayto stay physically activeand healthy.

What Is Health?When school started, Sofia joined a sportsteam. Sofia was surprised to find that,instead of being tired, she felt better andhad more energy because she was more active.

Sofia discovered that sports are not only fun but they are alsoreally good for your health. is the condition of yourphysical, emotional, mental, and social well-being. Good healthstarts with making good choices. And good choices lead to goodhealth habits.

Your Physical HealthWhen you think of health, you probably think about your phys-ical health. Your physical health is the part of your health thatdeals with the condition of your body. Things that you can doto maintain your physical health include the following:

• eating balanced meals

• engaging in physical activity

• getting 8 hours of sleep every night

• maintaining good hygiene (Hygiene is the practice ofkeeping yourself clean. For example, washing your handsbefore eating is good hygiene.)

• avoiding alcohol, drugs, and tobacco

Health


Lesson 1 What Is Health? 5

Write in your Health Journalabout a time in which yourfamily helped you deal withbeing sad or angry. What, inparticular, did they do thathelped you the most?

Figure 2 Your family is an important part of yourlife. Getting along withyour family can improveyour emotional health.

Your Emotional HealthHow do you let other people know that you are sad or angry?Emotional health is the way in which you express your feelings.Sharing your feelings with other people is important for youremotional health. People who are emotionally healthy usuallydo the following:

• express their emotions in healthy ways

• deal with sadness and ask for help if they need to

• accept both their strengths and weaknesses

Even emotionally healthy adolescents find that their moodschange a lot. These mood changes are a normal part of growingup. And growing up means you may have additional respon-sibilities both at home and at school. Sometimes, having moreresponsibilities can cause you stress and make you feel emo-tional. Talk to your parents or another trusted adult about yourfeelings and concerns.

Your Mental HealthSolving problems is one part of good mental health. The way thatyou cope with the demands of daily life is called your mentalhealth. People who have good mental health usually have the fol-lowing characteristics:

• the ability to handle stress effectively and to solve problems.

• openness to new ideas and new ways of doing things

• the ability to adjust to change



Your Social HealthHow well you get along with other people says something aboutyour social health. Social health is the way you interact withpeople. People around you, especially your friends and family,give you a sense of belonging. By learning and practicing socialskills, you can improve how well you get along with others. Andhow well you get along with others is important to your overallsense of well-being. How are your social skills? To find out, askyourself the following:

• Are you considerate of other people?

• Do you show respect to other people?

• Are you dependable?

• Do you support your friends when they make good choices?

• Do you share your feelings with your friends?

Figure 3 Being withyour friends andfeeling acceptedare necessary foryour social health.

MAKING GOOD DECISIONS

start. Role-play this situationwith a group of classmates.Discuss what you and yourfriends could do to prevent theargument from becoming a fight.

You are at a party with several ofyour friends. Everyone is having agreat time until two of yourclassmates get into an argument.It seems that a fight might even


Using Vocabulary1. Define the term wellness.

Understanding Concepts2. Describe the four parts of health.

3. Explain why the four parts ofhealth must be balanced toachieve wellness.

Critical Thinking4. Identifying Relationships Emotional and

mental health are sometimes confusedwith each other. Explain how these twoparts of health differ.

5. Analyzing Ideas You have lost interestin activities that you once enjoyed.What part or parts of your health areout of balance? Explain your answer.

Lesson 1 What Is Health? 7

On a separate piece of paper, write “true” or “false” for each of the following statements to check your overall health. Then, use the scale below to obtain your score.

Give yourself 1 point for every question that you answered “true.” A score of 6 or 7 in any area indicates excellent healthin that area. If you scored below 4 in an area, you probably need to improve that part of your overall health.

I am physically active at least3 days per week.

I eat well-balanced meals.

I rarely snack on junk food.

I sleep 8 hours almost every night.

I avoid risky behavior.

I brush and floss my teeth daily.

I do well in most of my subjectsat school.

I tell others about how I feel.

I can talk about problems.

I am a responsible person.

My family is important to me.

I am not afraid to be alone.

I enjoy many different activities.

I have at least one good friend.

I can say no to others.

I can get along with differentkinds of people.

I keep my promises to friends.

I enjoy doing things with myfamily.

My friends trust me.

I can communicate with others.

Wellness Quiz

Physical healthEmotional andmental health Social health

Your Health Magazine 10

Figure 4 Find out how yourwellness rates by takingthis quiz.

What Is Wellness?The four parts of your health are equally important to your over-all wellness. is a state of good health that is achievedby balancing your physical, emotional, mental, and social health.To keep your health balanced, do the following things:

• Stay physically healthy by taking care of your body.

• Stay mentally healthy by dealing with stress appropriately.

• Stay emotionally healthy by expressing your feelings in ahealthy way.

• Stay socially healthy by being considerate of others.

Wellness



What You’ll Do

■ Explain how heredityinfluences your health.

■ Explain how theenvironment affects your health.

Terms to Learn

• heredity

• environment

Figure 5 Family membersoften resemble eachother because physicaltraits are passed fromgeneration to generation.

WriteStart Off

Describe how your environ-ment can have a positiveeffect on your health.

What Influences Your Health?

After Robert’s family moved from a ranch toa large city, Robert started coughing alot and his eyes were always itchy. Hisdoctor said the pollutants in the air mightbe the cause of his allergies.

Anyone who has ever moved has had to adjust to his or her newsurroundings. And new surroundings can often affect your health.In this lesson, you will learn about two things that have a majorinfluence on your health: your heredity and your environment.

Who You Are You have characteristics, or traits, that you inherited from yourparents. For example, you may look more like your mom thanyour dad. This similarity is due to heredity. is thepassing of traits from a parent to a child. These traits determineyour physical features. For example, the color of your eyes, hair,and skin are physical traits that can be passed from your parentsto you. Even some diseases, such as sickle cell anemia, are inher-ited. Sickle cell anemia causes the red blood cells to becomeshaped in such a way that small blood clots form and causepain. Some diseases, such as diabetes, are affected by bothheredity and other factors, such as diet.

Heredity


Figure 6 Your environment is madeup of everything around you. Yourschool, home, and friends are justa few of the things that make upyour environment.

Lesson 2 What Influences Your Health? 9

What Is Around You?Like Robert’s health, your health can also be affected by yourenvironment. The is all of the living and nonliv-ing things around you. And as you know, you can’t controlsome things in your environment. For example, one of the maincauses of health problems, especially respiratory problems, is airpollution. Air pollution can trigger asthma, which is a lung dis-ease, and can contribute to allergies. Secondhand smoke isanother form of air pollution that can be difficult to avoid.

You may be aware that your environment can affect yourphysical health. But you may not realize that your environmentcan also affect other parts of your health. For example, noisepollution can make it hard to concentrate and thus affects yourmental health.

environment

Organizing InformationMake a chart with twocolumns. Title one column“Environment,” and title theother column “Heredity.”List three things in eachcolumn that are influencedby your environment oryour heredity.

Using Vocabulary1. What is heredity?

2. Define environment.

Understanding Concepts3. Explain how heredity can affect

your health.

Critical Thinking4. Making Inferences What are three things

in your environment that can affect yourhealth? Can you control any of thesethings? Explain your answer.

5. Analyzing Viewpoints Which do youthink has a larger role in influencingyour health: heredity or environment?Explain your reasons.


What You’ll Do

■ Explain the relationshipbetween your lifestyle andyour health.

■ Explain what you can do totake control of your health.

■ Describe how you can makeresponsible choices aboutyour health.

Terms to Learn

• lifestyle

• attitude

• preventive healthcare

WriteStart Off

What are two things you coulddo to improve your health?


Figure 7 These are just someof the things that contributeto a healthy lifestyle. Whatother things could you add?

Healthy AttitudesAlejandro had overslept. He had time to eithermake breakfast for himself or walk his dog ifhe wanted to get to school on time. He chose towalk his dog and grab a cereal bar.

Everyone has mornings when nothing seems to go right. Buteven on those mornings, you will want to make the best choicesfor your health. In this lesson, you will learn the importance ofmaking choices that will keep you healthy.

Healthy LivingThe choices that you make reflect your lifestyle. A is aset of behaviors by which you live your life. A healthy lifestylebegins with having a good attitude. Your is the way inwhich you act, think, or feel that causes you to make certainchoices. A good attitude allows you to make choices that aregood for you and your health.

Controlling Your HealthYou have the ability to control much of your health. If one partof your health isn’t as good as it should be, make a decision toimprove that part of your health. For example, if you’re feelingtired, you could decide to get more sleep. But don’t ignore theother parts of your health while you are trying to improve onepart. Remember that all four parts of your health are equallyimportant for overall wellness. If you aren’t sure how toimprove a certain part of your health, talk to your parents or toa trusted adult for advice.

attitude

lifestyle


Being ResponsibleYou have things that you are responsible for right now. And asyou get older, you will be expected to have more responsibilities,both at home and at school. As you get older, you become moreresponsible for taking care of yourself. Taking care of yourselfinvolves practicing preventive healthcare.is taking steps to prevent illness and accidents before they hap-pen. For example, going to the doctor for regular exams ispreventive healthcare.

However, preventive healthcare involves more than yearlycheckups. For example, when you eat right, avoid risky behavior,and buckle your seat belt, you are protecting yourself from possi-ble illness or injury. The choices that you make today are the startof new health habits. You should form good health habits nowbecause bad health habits can be very difficult to break.

Preventive healthcare

Figure 8 Vision problems oftencan be found with an eyeexam, which is an example of preventive healthcare.

Think of a personal decisionthat you made this year thatis an example of acting responsibly. Write your decision in your journal, and explain why you made that decision.

Using Vocabulary1. What is a healthy attitude?

2. Define the term lifestyle in yourown words.

Understanding Concepts3. Explain why preventive healthcare

is important, and give threeexamples of it.

4. What are two things that you can do to take control of your health?

Critical Thinking5. Analyzing Ideas What is the

relationship between attitude andlifestyle? How do attitude and lifestyleaffect your health?

Lesson 3 Healthy Attitudes 11Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.


Life Skills to ImproveYour Health

A group of popular older teens has askedMiguel to go to a party. He knows that somemembers of the group use alcohol andtobacco. Miguel doesn’t want to do thosethings, but he isn’t sure how to say no.

Like Miguel, you may someday find yourself in a difficult situa-tion. This lesson will teach you skills that will help you deal withdifficult situations and that can protect your health.

The Life SkillsAs you get older you will have to deal with many new situations.Life skills can help you in these situations. are skillsthat help you deal with situations that can affect your health.Table 1 defines each of the nine life skills. As you read throughthis textbook, you will continue to learn about the life skills andhow to use them. Each chapter will provide you with moreopportunities to practice using the life skills.

Life skills

What You’ll Do

■ Identify the nine life skillsthat can improve yourhealth.

■ Identify four ways thatusing life skills can help you.

■ Explain how you can checkyour progress in learningthese skills.

Terms to Learn

• life skills

WriteStart Off

Which life skills are importantto you and your health?

Figure 9 Communicatingeffectively is one of the lifeskills that will help you nowand throughout your life.


Lesson 4 Life Skills to Improve Your Health 13

TABLE 1 The Nine Life Skills

Assessing your health

Making good decisions

Setting goals

Using refusal skills

Communicating effectively

Coping

Evaluating media messages

Practicing wellness

Being a wise consumer

evaluating each of the four parts of your health and assessing your healthbehaviors

making choices that are healthy andresponsible

aiming for something that will give you asense of accomplishment and achieve-ment, such as breaking bad habits orplanning your future

saying no to things that you don’t want to do as well as avoiding dangeroussituations

avoiding misunderstandings by expressingyour feelings in a healthy way

dealing with problems and emotions in aneffective way

judging the accuracy of advertising andother media messages

practicing good health habits, such asgetting plenty of exercise and eating goodfoods

comparing different products and servicesfor value and quality

2. Analyze each ad, and fill in each column withyour findings. While you are analyzing the ads, askyourself the following questions:

• What first caught your eye? (This is called eyeappeal.)

• What is the age of the person in the ad? Whatage group does each ad seem to be targeting?

• What does each ad promise or claim that theproduct can do?

• Are there hidden messages in the ad?• How believable is the claim of each ad?

3. Summarize your findings by writing a paragraphabout how advertisements convey their messages toconsumers.

1. For one week, find as many advertisements for a certain kind of product, such as shampoo, asyou can.

2. Paste at least five of your ads onto poster board,and number each ad.

3. Study each ad carefully. Try to determine themessage of each ad.

Analysis1. Make a table that has five columns and enoughrows for every ad that you brought to class. Title thecolumns “Eye appeal,” “Target age group,” “Claims,”“Hidden message,” and “Believability.”

ANALYZING ADVERTISEMENTS

Have interested studentsresearch and write a reportabout the goals thatFranklin D. Roosevelt hadin mind when he beganmany of his projects duringthe Great Depression of the 1930s.


Using the Life SkillsWhen you start using a new skill, you may feel uncomfortableat first. As with any new skill, you will have to practice thesenine life skills before you feel comfortable using them. But withregular practice, using these skills will soon feel very natural.And before you know it, you will have mastered the nine lifeskills. Understanding how each of these skills can help you willmake learning them easier. Life skills can help you do the fol-lowing things:

• make a decision or set a goal

• say no to someone

• express your feelings to other people

• practice good health habits

• cope with problems and emotions

• become a better consumer

Checking Your ProgressAfter you have been using the life skills for awhile, you should step back and check yourprogress. The following are examples of ques-tions you may want to ask yourself to checkyour progress in using the life skills:

• Which skills do I use most often?

• Which life skills do I feel comfortableusing?

• Which skills do I still need help with?

As you check your progress, look for areas inwhich you have improved. Also, look at areaswhere you can still improve. If you find thatyou are having problems using a particularskill, you may want to talk to your teacheror to your parents. These adults probably usemany of these skills every day, and they cangive you helpful advice.

PRACTICINGWELLNESS

Think of a problem thatyou have in school thatcould be solved by usingone of the life skills. Whichlife skill would you use,and how would this skillhelp solve your problem?


Figure 10 Life skills will helpyou make decisions that arein your best interest, such aschoosing a healthy snack.


Life Skills and Staying HealthyStaying healthy takes some effort. But knowing how and whento use the life skills will make staying healthy easier. Thinkabout how you will use the life skills when you face a problem.If you plan ahead, you will find it much easier to deal withproblems when they arise. For example, play out a certain scenein your mind ahead of time, and if that situation arises, you willknow what to do. Sometimes, it may help to practice certainsituations with a friend. Remember that yourgoal is to keep all parts of your healthbalanced. And the life skills that youare learning right now will helpyou assess and improve all ofthe areas of your health. Whenyour health is balanced, youwill feel good physically,emotionally, mentally, andsocially. And feeling good iswhat wellness is all about.

Using Vocabulary1. What is a life skill?

Understanding Concepts2. Explain why the life skills are

important to learn and use.

3. Describe how you can check yourprogress in learning the life skills.

4. Explain how practicing a life skillwith a friend can help you whenyou face a real problem.

Critical Thinking5. Analyzing Ideas Your friends became

upset that you chose not to go to the game Friday night. What life skills could help you say no? Explainyour answer.

6. Applying Concepts Your family ismoving to another state. You are upsetbecause you have gone to the sameschool since the first grade and youwill miss your friends. Which life skillwould help you, and how would youapply it?

Lesson 4 Life Skills to Improve Your Health 15

Figure 11 Using life skillswill help you be happy andwell-adjusted.


For each sentence, fill in the blank with the proper word from the word bankprovided below.

hygiene heredityenvironment refusal skillspreventive healthcare healthlifestyle attitudewellness life skillshealth assessment

All the people and things around youmake up your ___.

___ is having your physical, emotional,mental, and social health in balance.

___ is the passing down of traits fromparents to offspring.

The set of behaviors that guide the wayyou live your life is your ___.

Taking steps to prevent illness fromhappening is ___.

A quiz that allows you to rate yourwellness is a(n) ___.

Your state of mind that guides yourchoices is your ___.

Brushing your teeth and bathing regu-larly is part of good ___.

What are five things you can do to stayphysically healthy?

Identify three things that you can do to improve your emotional health.

What are three signs of good mentalhealth?

Give an example of an inherited trait that can be passed from parents to their offspring.

Explain how the environment affectsyour health.

Identify three health decisions you makeevery day.

Explain what you can do to practicepreventive healthcare.

What are the nine life skills that canguide you to better health?

List four examples of how life skills can help you.

16 Chapter 1 Review

Chapter Summary■ The four parts of your health are physical, emotional, social, and mental health.■ Physical activity, a balanced diet, and plenty of sleep are needed for good physi-cal health. ■ Liking and accepting yourself is a sign of good emotional health. ■

Good mental health helps you deal with daily problems effectively. ■ Good socialhealth is getting along well with other people. ■ Wellness is having all parts ofyour health balanced. ■ Your health is influenced by your heredity and your envi-ronment. ■ Your lifestyle and attitude affect your health. ■ Life skills help you dealwith situations that can affect your health. To be healthy and happy, you need tomake the life skills a part of your everyday life.


CHAPTER XX REVIEW 17

Use the figure above to answer questions25–27.

What is the general trend in the numberof students attending physical educationclasses daily between 1995 and 2003?

What is the percentage of students thatattended physical education class in 1999?

What year had the highest number of stu-dents attending physical education class?

Reading Checkup

Take a minute to review your

answers to the Health IQ questions

at the beginning of this chapter.

How has reading this chapter

improved your Health IQ?

Chapter 1 Review 17

Physical Education Class Daily Attendance

454035302520151050

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

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Applying Concepts

You are having trouble concentrating inschool, and you are not learning newconcepts and solving problems as well asyou used to do. What part of your healthdo you need to improve? How can youmake this part of your health better?

How does preventive healthcare improveyour physical health? Do you think thereare any preventive healthcare measuresthat you can take to improve other partsof your health? Explain your answer.

A friend of yours is trying to decidewhich bike to buy. Which life skillswould be helpful for your friend to use in making a choice?

School is out for the summer, and youhave just moved into a new neighbor-hood. You are sad because you miss yourfriends. What part of your health do youneed to improve? What can you do toimprove this part of your health?

Making Good Decisions

You are getting ready to go somewherein a car with your friends. You startputting your seat belt on, and one ofyour friends starts making fun of you for wearing your seat belt. How wouldyou respond to your friend?

You see an advertisement for a newsports drink. The ad says that the drinkwill make you stronger and help you torun faster. How would you decidewhether or not to buy the sports drink?What would you base your decision on?

Your best friend missed 2 days of schooland has asked if she can copy your mathhomework for those days. You wouldlike to help her, but you don’t feel rightabout cheating. What should you do?


18 Chapter 1 Life Skills in Action

IN ACTION

Practice with a FriendForm a group of three. Have one person play the role ofGavin and another person play the role of Gavin’s mother.Have the third person be an observer. Walking througheach of the four steps of assessing your health, role-play aconversation between Gavin and his mother. In the con-versation, Gavin should discuss how his game playing isaffecting his social health. The observer will take notes,which will include observations about what the personplaying Gavin did well and suggestions of ways toimprove. Stop after each step to evaluate the process.

Assessing Your HealthAssessing your health means evaluating each of the fourparts of your health and examining your behaviors. Byassessing your health regularly, you will know what yourstrengths and weaknesses are and will be able to takesteps to improve your health. Complete the followingactivity to improve your ability to assess your health.

Gavin’s Game PlayingSetting the SceneGavin loves playing video games. Herushes home from school every day toplay, and he plays for hours. A few of hisfriends used to come over to play withhim, but they haven’t been over forseveral weeks. One day, Gavin’smother comes home and men-tions that she saw his friendsplaying ball in the park. Sheasks him why he isn’t playingwith them. Gavin tells her thatthey didn’t ask him to play.

1. Choose the part ofyour health youwant to assess.

2. List your strengthsand weaknesses.

3. Describe how yourbehaviors maycontribute to yourweaknesses.

4. Develop a plan toaddress yourweaknesses.

4Steps

of Assessing

Your Health

The

Guided Practice


Independent Practice

Check YourselfAfter you have completed the guided practice, gothrough Act 1 again without stopping at each step.Answer the questions below to review what you did.

1. How might Gavin’s video game playing affect thefour parts of his health?

2. What is one of Gavin’s weaknesses in his socialhealth?

3. Describe a plan that Gavin might use to addressthe weaknesses in his social health.

4. What is a weakness in your social health?

On Your OwnSeveral weeks later, Gavin is spending more time playingwith his friends. He still likes to play his video games butalways invites his friends to join him when he wants toplay. One day, while Gavin is playing ball, he notices thathe becomes tired and out of breath very easily. He startsto wonder if he is out of shape after spending so muchtime sitting in front of the TV. Make a poster showinghow Gavin could use the four steps of assessing yourhealth to develop a plan to improve his physical health.

19Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

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