health and safety at workplace presentation

7/30/2019 Health and Safety at Workplace Presentation

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HEALTH AND SAFETY ATWORKPLACE

PRESENTED BY

Gordon NyakitiEmbu Agricultural Staff Training

College - Embu


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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

Issues relating to Health ,Safety and Welfare at Workplace are regulated by Occupational Safety and HealthAct - 2007. Further, the Directorate of OccupationalSafety and Health Services under the Ministry of Labourand Human Resources Development has also developedrecommendations under Legal Notice (LN) No. 31 of2004 outlining workplace safety , health & welfare inrelation to corporate objectives.

Requirements under these regulations on Health , Safety& Welfare at work places aim to ensure that workplacesmeet the health, safety and welfare needs of allmembers of workforce, including pple with disabilities:


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1.1 Definitions of Pertinent Terms Work Place- Factories, Shops, Offices, Schools, Hospitals,

Hotels , entertainment places, Common Partsof Shared Buildings, Private Roads, TemporaryWorksites except construction sites

Work - Means work as an employee or selfemployed

Premises- Means any place including an outdoorplace

Domestic Premises Means private dwellingRegulations do

not apply to domestic premises Occupational Anything connected with a persons job or

profession

Health - State of being physically and mentally fit Safety State of being safe and protected form danger or

harm

Occupational health and safety- Is health and safety that is connected with a

persons job or profession.


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Hazard- Is any condition or situation that haspotential for causing harm or damage

to exposed persons or property

Risk- The probability/likelihood of occurrenceof an adverse effect from a substance

on pple or environment combined with

the magnitude of the consequence of

that adverse effect.

Dangerous Situation or condition whose risk is

high.


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2.0 HEALTH

Measures outlined under here contribute to the general workingenvironment of pple in the workplace. The measures are as below:

2.1 Ventilation

Workplace must be adequately ventilated. Fresh clean air should bedrawn from a source outside workplace

Ventilation should remove and dilute warm, humid air and provide airmovement which gives a sense of freshness w/out causing draught

Windows or other opening provide sufficient ventilation but where

appropriate, mechanical ventilation should be provided


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2.2 Indoor Temperatures

Individual personal preference makes it difficult to specify athermal environment that satisfies all ( Thermal comfort)

For sedentary activities i.e. office work , temp should be atleast 16oC

For intense activities, temp should be at least 13oC


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2.3 Work in Hot or Cold Environments

Risks to workers increase as the conditions move further fromacceptable levels

Risk conditions such as high temp areas like foundries, glass works

and laundries may result in heat stress

Cold stress may emanate from working in cold stores, foodpreparation and open air spaces during winter Mitigation measures to address the two extreme environment conditions

may include

- Insulation of hot radiant sources


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- Orientating buildings to reduce the effects of solar loading or use ofblinds, shutters on windows

- Excessive sweating workers should have rest breaks in btwn andfacility to change into dry clothing

- Medical pre-selection of workers to withstand conditions

- Use of suitable protective clothing (heat resistant or insulation)

- Acclimatisation of workers to the environment

- Training in the precautions to be taken

- Supervision to ensure that precautions identified are taken


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2.4 Lighting

Lighting should be sufficient to enable pple to work and move aboutsafely

If necessary, local lighting should be provided at individual

workstations and crossing points especially on traffic routes

Automatic emergency lighting, powered by an independent source,should be provided where sudden loss of light would create a risk


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2.5 Cleanliness and Waste Management

Every workplace should be kept clean

Surface floors, walls and ceilings should be kept clean

Wastes should be disposed in suitable receptacles ( bins, wastebaskets etc)


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2.6 Room Dimensions and Space

Workroom should have enough free space to allow pple to moveabout with ease

Volume of the room when empty divided by the number of pplenormally working in it should be at least 11 cubic metres

All or part of a room over 3 m high should be counted as 3 m high

11 cubic metres per person is a minimum and may be insufficientdepending on the layout, contents and the nature of the work


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2.7 Workstations and Seating

Workstation should be suitable for the pple using them and forthe work they do

Pple should be able to leave workstations swiftly in anemergency

If work can or must be done sitting, seats which are suitable forthe pple using them and for the work they do should be provided

Seating should give adequate support for the lower back, andfootrests should be provided for workers who cannot place their

feet flat on the floor


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3.0 SAFETY

Measures outlined under here contribute to safe anduninterruptible general working environment of facilitiesand pple in the workplace. The measures are as below:

3.1 Maintenance

Maintain workplace and equipment in efficient working order Equipment requiring such maintenance include mechanical

ventilation systems and devices which would cause a risk tohealth, safety or welfare if a fault occurred

Condition of buildings should be monitored to ensureappropriate stability and solidity for their use


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3.2 Floors and Traffic Routes

Traffic Route Means a route for pedestrian traffic, vehicles or both andincludes any stairs, fixed ladder, doorway, gateway, loading bay or

ramp

There should be sufficient traffic routes, of sufficient width andheadroom to allow people and vehicles to circulate safely with ease

Swinging barriers should be locked open or locked shut preferablyby padlock so that they do not swing open and constitute a risk tooncoming vehicles Electronic Gate

If pple and vehicles have to share a traffic route, use kerbs, barriersof clear markings to designate a safe walkway and for crossing,provide a clearly marked crossings points with good visibility, bridgesor subways

Set appropriate speed limits and ensure that traffic rules are adheredto

Provide route markings and signs so that drivers and pedestriansknow where to go and what rules to apply


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Loading bays should have at least one exit point from the lowerlevel

Where a load is tipped into a pit or similar place, and vehicle is

liable to fall into it, barriers or portable wheel stops should beprovided at the end of the traffic route

Floors and traffic routes should be sound and strong enough forthe loads placed on them and traffic expected to use them. Floorsurfaces should be even, non slippery and kept free ofobstructions

Open sides of staircases should be fenced with an upper rail at900 mm or higher and lower rail. A handrail should be providedon at least one side of every stair case and on both sides if thereis a particular risk. Additional handrails may be required downthe centre of wide staircases

Access btwn flrs should not be by ladders or steep stairs


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3.3 Falls into Dangerous Substances

The consequences of falling into dangerous placesare so serious that a high standard of protectionis requiredDangerous places include tanks, furnaces, pits etc

Dangerous structures should be securely fenced orwell covered

Traffic routes associated with them should also be

securely fenced


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3.4 Transparent or Translucent Doors, Gates, Walls &Windows

3.4.1 Windows

Openable windows,skylights and ventilators shouldbe capable of being opened, closed or adjusted safelyand when open should not pose any undue risk to

anyoneWindows and skylights should be designed so that

they may be cleaned safely


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3.4.2 Doors and Gates

Doors and gates should be suitably constructed and fitted withsafety devices if necessary

Doors and gates which swing both ways and conventionallyhinged doors on main traffic routes should have a transparentviewing panel

Power operated doors and gates should have safety features toprevent pple being stuck or trapped and where necessary shouldhave a readily identifiable and accessible control switch or deviceso that they can be stopped quickly in an emergency

Upward opening doors or gates need to be fitted with aneffective device to prevent them falling back counterbalance

springs and similar counterbalance or ratchet devices to holdthem in position are acceptable


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3.4.3 Escalators and MovingWalkways

Should function properly and safely Be equipped with any necessary safety

devices

Be fitted with one or more emergency stopcontrols which are easily identifiable andreadily accessible


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3.0 WEFARE

3.1 Sanitary Conveniences and Washing Facilities

Suitable & sufficient sanitary conveniences and washing facilities shouldbe provided at readily accessible places

Washing facilities should have running hot or cold or warm water, soapand clean towels or other means of cleaning or drying

Depending on the requirements of the type of work, showers shouldalso be provided Ladies and gentlemen should have separate facilities unless each

facility is in separate room with a lockable door and is for use by onlyone person at a time


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3.2 Drinking Water

Provide adequate supply of high quality drinking water with anupward drinking jet or suitable cups

Provide water in refillable enclosed containers where it cannotbe obtained directly from a mains supply

The containers should be refilled at least daily ( unless they are

chilled water dispensers where the containers are returned tothe supplier for refilling)

Bottled wate/water dispensing systems may still be provided asa secondary source of drinking water

Drinking water does not have to be marked unless there is a

significant risk of pple drinking non drinking water


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3.3 Accommodation for Clothing & Facilities forChanging

Provide adequate , suitable and secure space to storeworkers own clothing and special clothing

As far as reasonably practicable, the facilities shouldallow for drying of clothes

Provide changing facilities for workers changing intospecial work clothing.

The facilities should be readily accessible fromworkrooms and washing and eating places

The facility should ensure the privacy of the use, be

of sufficient capacity and provided with seating


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3.4 Facilities for Rest and to eat meals

Provide suitable, sufficient, readily accessible rest facility Provide seats for workers to use during breaks

Rest areas should be large enough and have sufficient seats with backrests andtables for the number of workers likely to use them at any time including suitableaccess and seating which is adequate for the number of disabled pple at work

Where workers regularly eat meals at work, suitable and sufficient facilitiesshould be provided for the purpose

Work areas can be counted as rest areas and as eating facilities, provided theyare adequately clean and there is suitable surface on which to place food

Where provided, eating facilities should include places for preparing or obtaininga hot drink. Where hot food cannot be obtained in or reasonably near to theworkplace, workers may need to be provided with a means for heating their ownfood (eg microwave oven)

Canteens or restaurants may be used as rest facilities provided there is noobligation to purchase food

Suitable rest facilities should be provided for pregnant women and nursingmothers. They should be near to sanitary facilities and where necessary include

the facility to lie down.


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STOP PRESS:

Consider this statement from a Medical Doctor :

Before I got into medical school, I knew what I was going todohelp people get healthy. But instead of becoming

expert in health, I became an expert in Diseases.


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THANK YOU AND MAY I

WELLCOME COMMENTS,

CRITIQUES AND

OBSERVATIONS.

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